scholarly journals Underweight Sebagai Faktor Resiko Osteoporosis Pada Lansia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Arief Setiyoargo ◽  
Nanta Sigit ◽  
Richard One Maxelly
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Osteoporosis Foundation ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Age Range

Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by decreased bone density. The incidence of osteoporosis increases with age, especially age ≥ 50 years. Research from the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) revealed that 1 in 4 women in Indonesia with an age range of 50-80 years have a risk of osteoporosis, where the risk of osteoporosis in women in Indonesia is 4 times higher than that of men. This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index with the incidence of osteoporosis in Panti Nirmala Hospital Malang. The design of this study was case control with sample consisting of 40 case group and 40 control group. Data analysis used logistic regression. The results showed that in the underweight group, the percentage experiencing osteoporosis was greater by 62.5% when compared to non-underweight who had osteoporosis by 37.5%. After being controlled by osteoporosis family history variables and female gender, the characteristics of a body mass index of underweight have a 3.4 times greater chance of having osteoporosis than non-underweight characteristics. It is recommended that the public go on a healthy diet and regular physical activity to balance BMI and regular health checks at health service facilities to measure body health. Keywords: underweight; osteoporosis; elderly ABSTRAK Osteoporosis merupakan penyakit tulang yang ditandai dengan menurunnya kepadatan tulang akibat ketidakmampuan tubuh dalam mengatur kandungan mineral dalam tulang dan mengakibatkan pengeroposan tulang. Angka kejadian osteoporosis meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan usia, khususnya usia ≥ 50 tahun. Penelitian dari International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) mengungkapkan bahwa 1 dari 4 perempuan di Indonesia dengan rentang usia 50-80 tahun memiliki resiko terkena osteoporosis, dimana resiko osteoporosis pada perempuan di Indonesia 4 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kejadian osteoporosis di Rumah Sakit Panti Nirmala Malang. Desain penelitian ini adalah case control. Sampel berjumlah 80 data, terdiri dari 40 data kelompok kasus dan 40 data kelompok kontrol. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok underweight, persentase yang mengalami osteoporosis lebih besar sebesar 62,5% jika dibandingkan pada non-underweight yang mengalami osteoporosis sebesar 37,5%. Setelah dikontrol oleh variabel riwayat keluarga osteoporosis dan jenis kelamin perempuan, karakteristik indeks massa tubuh underweight memiliki odds 3,4 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami osteoporosis dibandingkan karakteristik non underweight. Dianjurkan kepada masyarakat untuk melakukan diet sehat dan aktivitas fisik yang teratur untuk menyeimbangkan indeks massa tubuh dan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara berkala pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan untuk mengukur kesehatan tubuh. Kata kunci: underweight; osteoporosis; lansia

scholarly journals PENGARUH INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) TERHADAP KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR (WUS) DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS PULO BRAYAN MEDAN TAHUN 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Debora Lestari Simamora ◽  
Heru Santosa ◽  
Sorimuda Sarumpaet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square

Berdasarkan data Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan bahwa jumlah penderita hipertensi selama 3 tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan. Tahun 2014  jumlah penderita hipertensi 378 orang, tahun 2015 sebanyak 384 orang, dan  tahun 2016 sebanyak 394 orang. Dari 394 penderita  hipertensi tersebut, sebanyak 214 orang adalah WUS Banyak faktor yang diduga menjadi penyebab hipertensi pada WUS, salah satunya indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh indeks massa tubuh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada WUSPenelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dan bersifat kuantitatif dengan rancangan kasus kontrol (case control). Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 8.547 orang dan sampel diperoleh sebanyak 166 orang yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, masing-masing 83 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks massa tubuh kelompok kasus dalam kategori obesitas (69,9%), pada kelompok kontrol, responden yang obesitas (7,2%). Variabel indeks massa tubuh (IMT) berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada WUS di wilayah Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan, p < 0,05. Disarankan kepada Kepala Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan untuk menginformasikan kepada WUS agar menjaga pola makan dan melakukan gaya hidup sehat serta melakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah secara rutin di puskesmas agar diketahui  sejak dini komplikasi lain yang dapat menyertai  peningkatan tekanan darah. Based on data from the Medan Pulo Brayan Puskesmas that the number of hypertensive sufferers over the past 3 years has increased. In 2014 there were 378 people with hypertension, in 2015 there were 384 people, and in 2016 there were 394 people. Of the 394 people with hypertension, 214 people are WUS. Many factors are thought to be the cause of hypertension in WUS, one of them is body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of body mass index on the incidence of hypertension in WUS. This study is an analytical and quantitative study with a case control design. The study was conducted in the area of Pulo Brayan Puskesmas Medan. The study population was 8,547 people and the sample was 166 people divided into 2 groups, 83 people each. Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square with a confidence level of 95% ( = 0.05). The results showed that the body mass index of the case group was in the obesity category (69.9%), in the control group, respondents were obese (7.2%). Body mass index (BMI) variable influences the incidence of hypertension in WUS in the Pulo Brayan Puskesmas area, p <0.05. It is recommended to the Head of the Pulo Brayan Medan Puskesmas to inform WUS to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle and to carry out routine blood pressure checks at the puskesmas so that other complications can be identified early on that can accompany an increase in blood pressure.

HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT SAKIT DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Hasanah Nurbawena ◽  
Martono Tri Utomo ◽  
Esti Yunitasari
Keyword(s):  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Control Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstrakLatar belakang : Kejadian stunting merupakan salah satu  masalah gizi pada anak yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia. Cut off point  kejadian stunting tidak boleh lebih dari 20%, sedangkan jumlah kejadian stunting di Surabaya sebanyak 22,8%. Salah satu penyebab tingginya kejadian stunting yaitu penyakit infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat sakit dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan menggunakan rancang penelitian case control. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 40 balita dengan usai 24-36 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simomulyo Surabaya. Sampel penelitian balita stunting merupakan kelompok kasus dan balita non-stunting merupakan kelompok kontrol. Pengambilan data untuk kelompok kasus menggunakan purposive sampling dan pada kelompok kasus menggunakan matching sampling dengan menyesuaikan usia bayi dan jenis kelamin pada kelompok kasus. Pengumpulan data mengguanakan instrumen kuisioner. Uji statistik menggunakan chi square Hasil : Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan balita stunting memiliki riwayat sakit sebanyak 90%, sedangkan pada balita non-stunting sebanyak 45%. Uji statistik menggunakan mengenai hubungan riwayat sakit dengan kejadain stunting pada balita dengan uji Chi square didapatkan hasil yang signifikan yaitu p=0,002 (<0,05) dan OR 4,889. Kesimpulan : Balita stunting memiliki riwayat sakit lebih sering daripada balita non-stunting.AbstractBackground: . The incidence of stunting is one of the nutritional problems in children who have a high prevalence in Indonesia. The cut off point for stunting events should not be more than 20%, while the number of stunting events in Surabaya is 22.8%. One of the causes of the high incidence of stunting is an infectious disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship of a history of illnes with the incidence of stunting in infants. Method: This research was an observational analytic study using a case control research design. The number of samples were 40 toddlers (20 toodlers with stunting and 20 toodlers with non-stunting) aged 24-36 months in the working area of the Simomulyo Primary Health Care in Surabaya. The stunting toddlers belonged to a case group and non-stunting toddlers belonged to a control group. Data collection of case group had used purposive sampling and that control group used matching sampling by adjusting the baby's age and gender in the case group. Data was obtained by questionnaire instrument.Data was analysis by Chi square Results: The persentage of stunting toddlers who had a history of illness was 90%, while the non-stunting toddlers had a history of illness was 45%. There was relationship between the history of infectious diseases and the occurrence of stunting in toodler p=0,022 (<0,05) and OR=4,338. Conclusion: Stunting toddlers have a history of pain more often than non-stunting toddlers 

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Body Mass Index (BMI), Age of Menarche, Parity and Hormonal Contraception of Genu Osteoarthritis in Female Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Alisiya Alisiya ◽  
Sulistiawati Sulistiawati ◽  
Patricia Maria Kurniawati ◽  
RR Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease related to joint cartilage and commonly occurs in the knee joint. The 2013 National Survey recorded the prevalence of joint diseases in East Java was 26.9%. OA affected more women than men due to the estrogen and caused disabilities in many women. This study aimed to find the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), age of menarche, parity, and the use of hormonal contraceptives against OA in genu at Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya. This was an analytic observational study with a case-control approach. Data collection was carried out through a short interview using a questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using a formula and found that the study required 42 patients with OA in the case group and 42 patients without OA in the control group. The case group was dominated by patients with 56-60 years old age (62.1%), BMI 23-24.9 kg/m2 (58.7%), menarche age 12-13 years (53.6%), multiparous (52.6%), having contraception pill usage history (62.3%) particularly using combination pills (60.5%) with a mean duration of use > 1 year (56.8%). There was a relationship between BMI and type of hormonal contraceptive used against genu OA in female patients at Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya.

scholarly journals Serum leptin and body mass index in a sample of Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Abd Elhafeez ◽  
Dina A. Zamzam ◽  
Mohamed M. Fouad ◽  
Hala M. Elkhawas ◽  
Hend A. Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract Background The adipose tissues release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin that can be considered a link between obesity and autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate a possible correlation between BMI, serum leptin, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This case-control study recruited consecutively 169 patients from our MS Unit and 50 healthy controls. Clinical history and examination with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scoring were done for all patients. Calculation of body mass index (BMI) and measurement of serum leptin level were done for patients and controls. Results The case group had significantly higher BMI (mean of 26.85 ± 6.06 versus 19.55 ± 1.62; P < 0.001) and higher serum leptin levels (median [IQR] of 280 pgm/ml [175–525] versus 102.5 pgm/ml [80–125]; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Serum leptin levels did not have a correlation with either disease activity or degree of disability. Conclusions MS patients had significantly higher BMI and higher serum leptin levels compared to controls.

scholarly journals Hipertensi dan Faktor Risikonya di Puskesmas Motolohu Kabupaten Pohuwato

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 032
Author(s):  
Zul Adhayani Arda ◽  
Rifa’i Ali ◽  
Marselina Mustapa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Organization

Based on WHO (World Health Organization) in 2011, hypertension was causing 8billion of the world citizen pass away every year in which almost 1.5 billion of them were in south east of Asia. The purpose of study was to determine the risk factors associated with hypertension in Pohuwato District in 2017. The study was an observational analytic with case control design. The sample of study was 202 respondents which divided into 101 case group and 101 control group in the  w orkarea of Puskesmas Motolohu in Pohuwato District. The data were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR) test. The study result showed that occupation (OR=2.71;95% CI; 1.45-5.05), gender (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), smoking behavior (OR=2.55; 95% CI; 1.35-4.79), hypertension history (OR=6.13; 95% CI; 3.04-12.36), and consumption of coffee (OR=3.20; 95% CI; 1.64-6.25) were significant risk factors for occurance of hypertension. It is recomended to counseled as a means of disseminating information about risk factors and effect of hypertensionto the public.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Parameters in Asthmatic Children and the Relationship of Childhood Asthma with Height, Weight and Body Mass Index

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nasrin Bazargan ◽  
Shokouh Hamidifar ◽  
Ali Khalouei ◽  
Gholamreza Sedighi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
And Control

Background: Asthma as a chronic disease may affect the growth process. The aim of this study was to investigate the anthropometric indices in 2-18 years old children with asthma and compare them with the control group. Patients and Methods: In a case-control study, 150 asthmatic children with age of 2-18 years as case group and 300 age- and sex-matched healthy children as control group were randomly included. The height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of both group measured by the standard method and Z score was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS, chi-square and analysis of variance. Results: Totally, 290 boys (64.4%) and 160 girls (35.6%) with mean age of 6.58±2.82 years were evaluated. Case group had significantly lower height compared to the healthy control group (117.00±0.17 cm vs. 121.00±0.15 cm respectively, P=0.025). No significant differences were detected in weight (23.13±9.75 kg vs. 24.62±10.36 kg, P=0.145) and BMI (16.32±3.10 kg/m2 vs. 16.28±3.16 kg/m2, P=0.900) between case and control groups, respectively. There were no significant relationships between normal and abnormal Z scores of height, weight and BMI in case and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Despite 4 cm difference between the age of two groups, no differences in height, weight ad BMI between two groups may be due to good control of the disease in the case group or lack of significant growth related effect of asthma.

scholarly journals Preterm birth is not associated with asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection per se: Pre-pregnancy state is what matters

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254875
Author(s):  
Stefano Cosma ◽  
Andrea Roberto Carosso ◽  
Jessica Cusato ◽  
Fulvio Borella ◽  
Marco Carosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference

Evidence for the real impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on preterm birth is unclear, as available series report composite pregnancy outcomes and/or do not stratify patients according to disease severity. The purpose of the research was to determine the real impact of asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection on preterm birth not due to maternal respiratory failure. This case-control study involved women admitted to Sant Anna Hospital, Turin, for delivery between 20 September 2020 and 9 January 2021. The cumulative incidence of Coronavirus disease-19 was compared between preterm birth (case group, n = 102) and full-term delivery (control group, n = 127). Only women with spontaneous or medically-indicated preterm birth because of placental vascular malperfusion (pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications) were included. Current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined by nasopharyngeal swab testing and detection of IgM/IgG antibodies in blood samples. A significant difference in the cumulative incidence of Coronavirus disease-19 between the case (21/102, 20.5%) and the control group (32/127, 25.1%) (P= 0.50) was not observed, although the case group was burdened by a higher prevalence of three known risk factors (body mass index > 24.9, asthma, chronic hypertension) for severe Coronavirus disease-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection was not an independent predictor of spontaneous and medically-indicated preterm birth due to pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications (0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-1.43). Pregnant patients without comorbidities need to be reassured that asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection does not increase the risk of preterm delivery. Preterm birth and severe Coronavirus disease-19 share common risk factors (i.e., body mass index > 24.9, asthma, chronic hypertension), which may explain the high rate of indicated preterm birth due to maternal conditions reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus dengan Status Gizi (Underweight) dalam Meningkatkan Resiko Kasus Tuberkulosis : Studi Kasus Kontrol di Puskesmas Mulyorejo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Romaden Marbun ◽  
Wisoedhanie Widi ◽  
Vincensia Dea
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
The Relationship

The incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) now is increasing rapidly in the world. The International Diabetes Federation reports that people with Diabetes Mellitus have a higher risk of developing tuberculosis. There are several risk factors that are thought to increase the incidence of tuberculosis, one of which is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This study aims to determine the relations between DM and the incidence of TB at Puskesmas Mulyorejo Malang. The research design was case control. The sample consisted of 114 respondents covering 57 for the control group and 57 for the case group. Data analysis using logistic regression. In the tuberculosis group, the percentage of respondents with DM was 64.9%, while in the group who did not suffer from tuberculosis, the percentage of respondents with DM was 24.6%. In this study, DM interacted with nutritional status (underweight). Means, at the same smoking habit, the relationship between DM and TB incidence is different according to the nutritional status of the respondent. For the underweight respondents, DM has a 20.0 times higher chance of developing TB than respondents who do not have diabetes. For the future, the researchers who will conduct similar research can discusse more and also improve this research with broader research variables in form of correlation. Diabetes mellitus is a disease that can cause a decrease in the cellular immune system. Keywords: diabetes mellitus; tuberculosis ABSTRAK Insidensi dan prevalensi penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) dan Diabetes Mellitus (DM) meningkat cepat di dunia. International Diabetes Federation melaporkan penderita Diabetes Mellitus berisiko lebih tinggi untuk berkembang menjadi tuberkulosis. Terdapat beberapa faktor resiko yang diduga dapat meningkatkan kejadian Tuberkulosis, salah satunya adalah Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan antara DM dengan kejadian TB di Puskesmas Mulyorejo Malang. Desain penelitian adalah case control. Sampel berjumlah 114 responden yang meliputi 57 untuk kelompok kontrol dan 57 untuk kelompok kasus. Analisis Data menggunakan regresi logistik. Pada kelompok tuberkulsosis, presentase responden dengan DM sebesar 64,9%, sedangkan pada kelompok yang tidak menderita tuberkulosis, persentase responden dengan DM sebesar 24,6%. Pada penelitian ini, DM berinteraksi dengan status gizi (underweight). Artinya, pada kebiasaan merokok yang sama, hubungan DM dengan kejadian TB berbeda menurut status gizi responden. Pada responden yang underweight, DM memiliki peluang 20,0 kali lebih tinggi untuk terjadi TB dibandingkan responden yang tidak DM. Diabetes mellitus merupakan suatu penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan sistem imunitas selular. Kata kunci: diabetes melitus; tuberkulosis

scholarly journals Body mass index, serum rheumatoid factor and c-reactive protein among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis in Kano Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Isah Suleiman Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Mean

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is becoming a global health menace associated with joints swelling, pain, stiffness, and progressive loss of function of extremities etc. This study aimed at evaluating the Body Mass Index (BMI), Serum Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) among RA Patients in Kano Metropolis. Methods: A total of 111 participants comprising 74 Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and 37 apparently healthy controls were recruited for this study. Exactly 29 were males while 44 were females aged between 25 to 75 years. Using standard techniques, BMI was calculated using the weight and height taken from the participants. Blood samples were collected for serum RF and CRP and were analysed using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used for the analysis of data. Results: Our findings reveal that, females recorded higher percentage frequency of 45 (60.8%) while males recorded a lower percentage frequency of 29(39.2%) of RA patients with the ratio of 1.55:1, the higher percentage frequencies of 35(47.3%) was observed in overweight BMI patients of between 25- 29.9 kg m-2. The mean serum value of RF was significantly (p = 0.00) higher in case group (4.4 ±1.5 ng/ml) compared with the control group (2.0 ±1.5 ng/ml) and also the mean serum value of CRP was significantly (p = 0.00) higher in case group (13.0 ±5.0 mg/L) compared with the control group (5.5±5.0 mg/L). A significant positive correlation was established between serum RF and CRP (r = 0.48, p=0.00). Conclusion: Our findings show increased RF and CRP in RA case group. Quantitative evaluation of immunological parameter such as RF, CRP and BMI monitoring may aid in proper management of RA patients.

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