scholarly journals Model predictive control of district heating system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Lie-Jensen ◽  
Andreas Aannø ◽  
Elena Aleksandrova ◽  
Anders Westli ◽  
Morten Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System

Application of Predictive Control in District Heating Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
O P Palsson ◽  
H Madsen ◽  
H T Søgaard
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Control ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Heat Requirement

In district heating systems, and in particular if the heat production takes place at a combined heat and power (CHP) plant, a reasonable control strategy is to keep the supply temperature from the district heating plant as low as possible. However, the control is subject to some restrictions, for example, that the total heat requirement for all consumers is supplied at any time and each individual consumer is guaranteed some minimum supply temperature at any time. A lower supply temperature implies lower heat loss from the transport and the distribution network, and lower production costs. A district heating system is an example of a non-stationary system, and the model parameters have to be time varying. Hence, the classical predictive control theory has to be modified. Simulation experiments are performed in order to study the performance of modified predictive controllers. The systems are, however, described by transfer function models identified from real data.

scholarly journals Non-linear Model Predictive Control for Smart Heating of Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 09005
Author(s):  
Christian Ankerstjerne Thilker ◽  
Hjörleifur G Bergsteinsson ◽  
Peder Bacher ◽  
Henrik Madsen ◽  
Davide Calì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Danish School

Smart and flexible operation of components in district heating systems can play a crucial role in integrating larger shares of renewable energy sources in energy systems. Buildings are one of the crucial components that will enable flexibility in the district heating by using intelligent operation. Recent work suggests that such improved operation at the same time can increase thermal comfort and lower economic costs. We have digitalised the heating system in a Danish school by adding IoT devices, such as smart thermostats and temperature sensors to demonstrate the possibilities of making buildings smart. Based on experimental data, this paper introduces a non-linear grey-box model of the thermal dynamics of the building. A non-linear model predictive control method is presented for the thermostatic set-point control of the building's radiators. Based on the building model and the control algorithm, simulation studies are carried out to show the flexibility potential of the building. When used for lowering the return temperature the results suggest that operational costs can be lowered by around 10% using predictive control.

scholarly journals Robust control of a cogeneration plant supplying a district heating system to enable grid flexibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Andrea De Lorenzi ◽  
Agostino Gambarotta ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Costanza Saletti
Keyword(s):  
Robust Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Plant Operator

In recent years, the flexibility of energy systems has become essential due to the growing penetration of renewable energy sources. The producers and consumers can enhance this flexibility by enabling a given amount of power that they can produce or consume in every condition. This is made available to the grid operator to globally optimize the dispatch management and to stabilize the grid. However, this can interfere with the operation of production units such as cogeneration plants, which also have to meet thermal demand. Therefore, producers and consumers require smart controllers to comply with grid operator requests at any time. This paper proposes a robust control strategy based on Model Predictive Control, which manages distribution networks and production plants by considering the uncertainty of the requirements for flexibility from the grid operator. The simulation case study is the district heating network of a school complex supplied by a Combined Heat and Power plant and a Thermal Energy Storage tank. The robustness of the proposed optimization is investigated by simulating several scenarios with different degrees of uncertainty about the request for electricity from the grid operator. The results show that the plant operator is able to comply with the electricity requirements to different extents depending on the degree of uncertainty and on system design choices. These considerations make it possible to improve the plant design and production planning from the perspective of grid flexibility.

scholarly journals Technology Pathways and Economic Analysis for Transforming High Temperature to Low Temperature District Heating Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Pedro Durán ◽  
Herena Torio ◽  
Patrik Schönfeldt ◽  
Peter Klement ◽  
Benedikt Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

There are 1454 district heating systems in Germany. Most of them are fossil based and with high temperature levels, which is neither efficient nor sustainable and needs to be changed for reaching the 2050 climate goals. In this paper, we present a case study for transforming a high to low temperature district heating system which is more suitable for renewable energy supply. With the Carnot Toolbox, a dynamic model of a potential district heating system is simulated and then transformed to a low temperature supply. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the system performance in case space constrains restrict the transformation. Finally, an economic comparison is performed. Results show that it is technically possible to perform the transformation until a very low temperature system. The use of decentralized renewable sources, decentralized heat storage tanks and the placement of a heat pump on each building are the key points to achieve the transformation. Regarding the sensitivity analysis, the transformation is worth doing until the seasonal storage and solar collector field sizes are reduced to 60% and 80% of their values in the reference case, respectively. The economic analysis shows, however, that it is hard for highly efficient low temperature renewable based heat networks to compete with district heating systems based on a centralized fossile CHP solution. Thus, though the presented transformation is technically possible, there is a strong need to change existing economic schemes and policies for fostering a stronger promotion of renewable energy policies in the heat sector.

Predicting Hourly Heating Load in a District Heating System Based on a Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 110998
Author(s):  
Jiancai Song ◽  
Liyi Zhang ◽  
Guixiang Xue ◽  
YunPeng Ma ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Load
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