scholarly journals The Importance of End-Use Technologies for Long-Term Energy Use in Sweden

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Bladh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
End Use

scholarly journals Understanding Long-Term Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the USA

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S.J. Tol ◽  
Stephen W. Pacala ◽  
Robert H. Socolow
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Term Energy

scholarly journals Resource acquisition, distribution and end-use efficiencies and the growth of industrial society

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jarvis ◽  
S. Jarvis ◽  
N. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Energy Growth ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
End Use

Abstract. A key feature of the growth of industrial society is the acquisition of increasing quantities of resources from the environment and their distribution for end use. With respect to energy, growth has been near exponential for the last 160 years. We attempt to show that the global distribution of resources that underpins this growth may be facilitated by the continual development and expansion of near optimal directed networks. If so, the distribution efficiencies of these networks must decline as they expand due to path lengths becoming longer and more tortuous. To maintain long-term exponential growth the physical limits placed on the distribution networks appear to be counteracted by innovations deployed elsewhere in the system: namely at the points of acquisition and end use. We postulate that the maintenance of growth at the specific rate of ~2.4% yr−1 stems from an implicit desire to optimise patterns of energy use over human working lifetimes.

scholarly journals DETAIL SURVEY OF LONG-TERM ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR 80 HOUSES IN PRINCIPAL CITYIES OF JAPAN : Description of the houses and end use structure of annual energy consumption

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (603) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuzo MURAKAMI ◽  
Kazuaki BOGAKI ◽  
Toshihiko TANAKA ◽  
Hirofumi HAYAMA ◽  
Hiroshi YOSHINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
End Use

Analysis of the Syrian long-term energy and electricity demand projection using the end-use methodology

Energy Policy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (14) ◽  
pp. 1958-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hainoun ◽  
M.K. Seif-Eldin ◽  
S. Almoustafa
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Demand ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
End Use ◽  
Demand Projection

An adaptive MPC scheme for energy-efficient control of building HVAC systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tingting Zeng ◽  
Dr. Prabir Barooah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Periodic Model ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Convergent Method

Abstract An autonomous adaptive MPC architecture is presented for control of heating, ventilation and air condition (HVAC) systems to maintain indoor temperature while reducing energy use. Although equipment use and occupant changes with time, existing MPC methods are not capable of automatically relearning models and computing control decisions reliably for extended periods without intervention from a human expert. We seek to address this weakness. Two major features are embedded in the proposed architecture to enable autonomy: (i) a system identification algorithm from our prior work that periodically re-learns building dynamics and unmeasured internal heat loads from data without requiring re-tuning by experts. The estimated model is guaranteed to be stable and has desirable physical properties irrespective of the data; (ii) an MPC planner with a convex approximation of the original nonconvex problem. The planner uses a descent and convergent method, with the underlying optimization problem being feasible and convex. A year long simulation with a realistic plant shows that both of the features of the proposed architecture - periodic model and disturbance update and convexification of the planning problem - are essential to get performance improvement over a commonly used baseline controller. Without these features, long-term energy savings from MPC can be small while with them, the savings from MPC become substantial.

Environmental Implications of the Use of Fusion Power

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Holdren
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Nuclear Fission ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Limits To Growth ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Energy Options

Long-term limits to growth in energy-use will be imposed not by inability to expand supply but by the rising environmental and social costs of doing so. These costs will therefore be central issues in choosing long-term energy options. Energy from nuclear fusion, like solar energy, is not one technology but many. Some of the fusion possibilities seem likely to have very attractive environmental characteristics; others may be little better in these regards than nuclear fission.Issues in fusion-reactor design that are crucial from the environmental standpoint include: size of tritium inventory and pathways for its release; nature and configuration of materials that are subject to neutron activation; forms and quantities of the stored energy that are internal to the reactor, and the nature of potential links between fusion technology and nuclear weaponry.

scholarly journals Resource acquisition, distribution and end-use efficiencies and the growth of industrial society

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Jarvis ◽  
S. J. Jarvis ◽  
C. N. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
End Use ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. A key feature of the growth of industrial society is the acquisition of increasing quantities of resources from the environment and their distribution for end-use. With respect to energy, the growth of industrial society appears to have been near-exponential for the last 160 years. We provide evidence that indicates that the global distribution of resources that underpins this growth may be facilitated by the continual development and expansion of near-optimal directed networks (roads, railways, flight paths, pipelines, cables etc.). However, despite this continual striving for optimisation, the distribution efficiencies of these networks must decline over time as they expand due to path lengths becoming longer and more tortuous. Therefore, to maintain long-term exponential growth the physical limits placed on the distribution networks appear to be counteracted by innovations deployed elsewhere in the system, namely at the points of acquisition and end-use of resources. We postulate that the maintenance of the growth of industrial society, as measured by global energy use, at the observed rate of ~ 2.4 % yr−1 stems from an implicit desire to optimise patterns of energy use over human working lifetimes.

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