scholarly journals Determination of the Operating Regimes of CHP Turbines with Stage-wise Heating of District Heating System Water

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvonimir Guzovic ◽  
Perica Jukic ◽  
Drazen Loncar
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Operating Regimes ◽  
System Water

scholarly journals The use of substations with PCM heat accumulators in district heating system

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Nogaj ◽  
Michał Turski ◽  
Robert Sekret
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Determination Of Parameters ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of the article is to indicate the directions of development of new generations of supplying buildings with heat, by using phase change materials, referring to the technical possibilities of applying available heat storage technologies. As a detailed objective of the work, the determination of the impact of using a PCM accumulator on the temperature of the heat carrier on the return in the substation of the district heating system was adopted. Range work included determination of parameters of heat distribution network as a function of outdoor air temperature range of -20°C to +12°C. As the analysis object, the heat substation has been selected with the following parameters: supply 80°C and return 60°C. It was found that thanks to the use of PCM accumulators on heat substations, it is possible to save energy by up to approx. 6.7% and achieve economic benefits in the form of a payback period of approx. 13 years. In addition, it was found that the introduction of the PCM accumulator into the heating system allows the return temperature in the heating network to be obtained at a temperature level consistent with the adopted control table for external temperatures of the standard heating season.

Experimental determination of fouling factor on plate heat exchangers in district heating system

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srbislav B. Genić ◽  
Branislav M. Jaćimović ◽  
Dragan Mandić ◽  
Dragan Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Fouling Factor

scholarly journals Technology Pathways and Economic Analysis for Transforming High Temperature to Low Temperature District Heating Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Pedro Durán ◽  
Herena Torio ◽  
Patrik Schönfeldt ◽  
Peter Klement ◽  
Benedikt Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

There are 1454 district heating systems in Germany. Most of them are fossil based and with high temperature levels, which is neither efficient nor sustainable and needs to be changed for reaching the 2050 climate goals. In this paper, we present a case study for transforming a high to low temperature district heating system which is more suitable for renewable energy supply. With the Carnot Toolbox, a dynamic model of a potential district heating system is simulated and then transformed to a low temperature supply. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the system performance in case space constrains restrict the transformation. Finally, an economic comparison is performed. Results show that it is technically possible to perform the transformation until a very low temperature system. The use of decentralized renewable sources, decentralized heat storage tanks and the placement of a heat pump on each building are the key points to achieve the transformation. Regarding the sensitivity analysis, the transformation is worth doing until the seasonal storage and solar collector field sizes are reduced to 60% and 80% of their values in the reference case, respectively. The economic analysis shows, however, that it is hard for highly efficient low temperature renewable based heat networks to compete with district heating systems based on a centralized fossile CHP solution. Thus, though the presented transformation is technically possible, there is a strong need to change existing economic schemes and policies for fostering a stronger promotion of renewable energy policies in the heat sector.

Predicting Hourly Heating Load in a District Heating System Based on a Hybrid CNN-LSTM Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 110998
Author(s):  
Jiancai Song ◽  
Liyi Zhang ◽  
Guixiang Xue ◽  
YunPeng Ma ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Load

scholarly journals Upgrading a District Heating System by Means of the Integration of Modular Heat Pumps, Geothermal Waters, and PVs for Resilient and Sustainable Urban Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Hałaj ◽  
Jarosław Kotyza ◽  
Marek Hajto ◽  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The City

Krakow has an extensive district heating network, which is approximately 900 km long. It is the second largest city in terms of the number of inhabitants in Poland, resulting in a high demand for energy—for both heating and cooling. The district heating of the city is based on coal. The paper presents the conception of using the available renewable sources to integrate them into the city’s heating system, increasing the flexibility of the system and its decentralization. An innovative solution of the use of hybrid, modular heat pumps with power dependent on the needs of customers in a given location and combining them with geothermal waters and photovoltaics is presented. The potential of deep geothermal waters is based on two reservoirs built of carbonate rocks, namely Devonian and Upper Jurassic, which mainly consist of dolomite and limestone. The theoretical potential of water intake equal to the nominal heating capacity of a geothermal installation is estimated at 3.3 and 2.0 MW, respectively. Shallow geothermal energy potential varies within the city, reflecting the complex geological structure of the city. Apart from typical borehole heat exchangers (BHEs), the shallower water levels may represent a significant potential source for both heating and cooling by means of water heat pumps. For the heating network, it has been proposed to use modular heat pumps with hybrid sources, which will allow for the flexible development of the network in places previously unavailable or unprofitable. In the case of balancing production and demand, a photovoltaic installation can be an effective and sufficient source of electricity that will cover the annual electricity demand generated by the heat pump installation, when it is used for both heating and cooling. The alternating demand of facilities for heating and cooling energy, caused by changes in the seasons, suggests potential for using seasonal cold and heat storage.

scholarly journals Overview of Solutions for the Low-Temperature Operation of Domestic Hot-Water Systems with a Circulation Loop

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3350
Author(s):  
Theofanis Benakopoulos ◽  
William Vergo ◽  
Michele Tunzi ◽  
Robbe Salenbien ◽  
Svend Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heating Power ◽  
Circulation Loop ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

The operation of typical domestic hot water (DHW) systems with a storage tank and circulation loop, according to the regulations for hygiene and comfort, results in a significant heat demand at high operating temperatures that leads to high return temperatures to the district heating system. This article presents the potential for the low-temperature operation of new DHW solutions based on energy balance calculations and some tests in real buildings. The main results are three recommended solutions depending on combinations of the following three criteria: district heating supply temperature, relative circulation heat loss due to the use of hot water, and the existence of a low-temperature space heating system. The first solution, based on a heating power limitation in DHW tanks, with a safety functionality, may secure the required DHW temperature at all times, resulting in the limited heating power of the tank, extended reheating periods, and a DH return temperature of below 30 °C. The second solution, based on the redirection of the return flow from the DHW system to the low-temperature space heating system, can cool the return temperature to the level of the space heating system return temperature below 35 °C. The third solution, based on the use of a micro-booster heat pump system, can deliver circulation heat loss and result in a low return temperature below 35 °C. These solutions can help in the transition to low-temperature district heating.

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