scholarly journals Impact of Ventilation Heat Recovery on Primary Energy Use of Apartment Buildings Built to Conventional and Passive House Standard

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Gustavsson ◽  
Ambrose Dodoo ◽  
Roger Sathre
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
House Standard

scholarly journals Maintenance of Passive House Standard in the Light of Long-Term Study on Energy Use in a Prefabricated Lightweight Passive House in Central Europe

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Wąs ◽  
Jan Radoń ◽  
Agnieszka Sadłowska-Sałęga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
House Standard

This article presents the results of experimental research on energy consumption of a prefabricated lightweight passive house located in the south of Poland. The key design parameters of the building were as follows: orientation maximizing heat gains from solar radiation, high thermal insulation of partitions, heat provided by ground source heat pump, and mechanical ventilation system with the heat exchanger. The measurements were performed in normal operating conditions in an inhabited building, throughout the years 2011–2019. For the year 2012, the article also presents the detailed structure of electricity used for particular devices. The objective of the research was to verify whether, in the long term, the building fulfils the energy consumption requirements for passive buildings. The measurements showed that energy consumption for heating was 50% lower than the value required from passive buildings. However, primary energy consumption for the entire building was exceeded already in the second year of research. This was caused by two factors: human behaviors and the type of primary energy source. The research concludes that the maintenance of passive house standard is vulnerable to human impact and difficult in the case of power source characterized by high index of expenditure on non-renewable primary energy. The article also presents recommendations on how to restore the passive house standard in the building.

scholarly journals A Comparison Of Building Envelope Performance Levels Between Ontario, Denmark, Germany And The Passive House Standard, In The Low-Rise, Residential Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine Attwood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Residential Context ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Other World ◽  
House Standard

This research compared and analyzed where the Ontario Building Code rates in the low-rise, residential sector in terms of its: in comparison to Denmark, Germany and the Passive House Standard. This was analyzed to see how Ontario compared against other world renowned energy efficient regulations and where or if there was room for improvement. For this, HOT2000 and THERM were utilized on all four of the reference standards, where both of these programs were managed in a way to compare the results of ‘typical’ building envelopes and the current regulation from each of the standards. These results were then able to provide a whole home’s heating and air conditioning energy use in the Greater Toronto Area climate. Overall, the results illustrated Ontario homes consume the most energy for both typically constructed homes and homes utilizing the minimum requirements. In addition to this, Ontario also had the least performing building envelope connection details. In total, the Passive House performed at the highest level followed by Germany, Denmark and then Ontario.

scholarly journals The Influence of Energy Renovation on the Change of Indoor Temperature and Energy Use

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anti Hamburg ◽  
Targo Kalamees
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption

The aim of the renovation of apartment buildings is to lower the energy consumption of those buildings, mainly the heating energy consumption. There are few analyses regarding those other energy consumptions which are also related to the primary energy need for calculating the energy efficiency class, including the primary energy need of calculated heating, domestic hot water (DHW), and household electricity. Indoor temperature is directly connected with heating energy consumption, but it is not known yet how much it will change after renovation. One of the research issues relates to the change of electricity and DHW usage after renovation and to the question of whether this change is related to the users’ behavior or to changes to technical solutions. Thirty-five renovated apartment buildings have been analyzed in this study, where the data of indoor temperature, airflow, and energy consumption for DHW with and without circulation and electricity use in apartments and common rooms has been measured. During research, it turned out that the usage of DHW without circulation and the usage of household electricity do not change after renovation. Yet there is a major increase in indoor temperature and DHW energy use in buildings that did not have circulation before the renovation. In addition, a small increase in the use of electricity in common areas was discovered. This study will offer changes in calculations for the energy efficiency number.

scholarly journals A Comparison Of Building Envelope Performance Levels Between Ontario, Denmark, Germany And The Passive House Standard, In The Low-Rise, Residential Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine Attwood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Residential Context ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Other World ◽  
House Standard

This research compared and analyzed where the Ontario Building Code rates in the low-rise, residential sector in terms of its: in comparison to Denmark, Germany and the Passive House Standard. This was analyzed to see how Ontario compared against other world renowned energy efficient regulations and where or if there was room for improvement. For this, HOT2000 and THERM were utilized on all four of the reference standards, where both of these programs were managed in a way to compare the results of ‘typical’ building envelopes and the current regulation from each of the standards. These results were then able to provide a whole home’s heating and air conditioning energy use in the Greater Toronto Area climate. Overall, the results illustrated Ontario homes consume the most energy for both typically constructed homes and homes utilizing the minimum requirements. In addition to this, Ontario also had the least performing building envelope connection details. In total, the Passive House performed at the highest level followed by Germany, Denmark and then Ontario.

scholarly journals Distributed Hydrogen Technologies for Commercial Buildings and Vehicle Refueling

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Jalalzadeh-Azar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Community Buildings

This paper examines the potential energy, environmental, and economic benefits of hydrogen-based distributed generation (DG) systems with dual application—commercial buildings and vehicle refueling. The selected DG systems incorporate fuel cell technologies for power generation and natural gas reformation for hydrogen production. In addition to basic systems, more advanced configurations facilitating heat recovery for the reformer and the building heating equipment are considered. Integration of stationary and transportation applications within the context of a commercial community is also explored on the premise of utilizing a joint hydrogen production facility for cost reduction. While appreciable improvement in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is evidently intrinsic to all selected stationary DG models, a significant reduction in the primary energy use is achieved with the more-advanced systems, particularly the one with internal heat recovery. A negligible impact on the water consumption is registered when water management is in place for the fuel cell systems. The integration strategy highlighting the community buildings as the surrogate supplier of hydrogen for vehicle refueling is more tenable from the economic standpoint than the reversed arrangement.

Saving Primary Energy Consumption Through Exergy Analysis of Combine Distillation and Power Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Alhassan Salami Tijani ◽  
Nazri Mohammed ◽  
Werner Witt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

Industrial heat pumps are heat-recovery systems that allow the temperature ofwaste-heat stream to be increased to a higher, more efficient temperature. Consequently, heat pumps can improve energy efficiency in industrial processes as well as energy savings when conventional passive-heat recovery is not possible. In this paper, possible ways of saving energy in the chemical industry are considered, the objective is to reduce the primary energy (such as coal) consumption of power plant. Particularly the thermodynamic analyses ofintegrating backpressure turbine ofa power plant with distillation units have been considered. Some practical examples such as conventional distillation unit and heat pump are used as a means of reducing primary energy consumption with tangible indications of energy savings. The heat pump distillation is operated via electrical power from the power plant. The exergy efficiency ofthe primary fuel is calculated for different operating range ofthe heat pump distillation. This is then compared with a conventional distillation unit that depends on saturated steam from a power plant as the source of energy. The results obtained show that heat pump distillation is an economic way to save energy if the temperaturedifference between the overhead and the bottom is small. Based on the result, the energy saved by the application of a heat pump distillation is improved compared to conventional distillation unit.

scholarly journals CO2 Intensities and Primary Energy Factors in the Future European Electricity System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2165
Author(s):  
Sam Hamels
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Energy Factors ◽  
Electrical Loads

The European Union strives for sharp reductions in both CO2 emissions as well as primary energy use. Electricity consuming technologies are becoming increasingly important in this context, due to the ongoing electrification of transport and heating services. To correctly evaluate these technologies, conversion factors are needed—namely CO2 intensities and primary energy factors (PEFs). However, this evaluation is hindered by the unavailability of a high-quality database of conversion factor values. Ideally, such a database has a broad geographical scope, a high temporal resolution and considers cross-country exchanges of electricity as well as future evolutions in the electricity mix. In this paper, a state-of-the-art unit commitment economic dispatch model of the European electricity system is developed and a flow-tracing technique is innovatively applied to future scenarios (2025–2040)—to generate such a database and make it publicly available. Important dynamics are revealed, including an overall decrease in conversion factor values as well as considerable temporal variability at both the seasonal and hourly level. Furthermore, the importance of taking into account imports and carefully considering the calculation methodology for PEFs are both confirmed. Future estimates of the CO2 emissions and primary energy use associated with individual electrical loads can be meaningfully improved by taking into account these dynamics.

scholarly journals A Decomposition Analysis of the Korean Manufacturing Sector: Monetary vs. Physical Outputs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6192
Author(s):  
Junghwan Lee ◽  
Jinsoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Intensity Effect ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Index Decomposition ◽  
Output Indicator

This study analyzes the changes in energy consumption of the Korean manufacturing sector using the index decomposition analysis (IDA) method. To capture the production effect based on actual physical activities, we applied the activity revaluation (AR) approach in the analysis. We also developed energy consumption data in terms of primary energy supply to consider conversion loss in the energy sector to avoid any distortions in the intensity effect. The analysis covers every manufacturing subsector in Korea over the period between 2006 and 2018. Combining two distinctive approaches from the previous literature, the AR approach and primary energy-based analysis gives us helpful findings for a climate policy. First, the overall activity effect estimated from the physical output indicator is lower than that from the monetary output indicator. The monetary indicator shows that the share of energy-intensive industries decreases, whereas the physical indicator shows the opposite. Second, in terms of energy efficiency, the intensity effect is estimated as an increasing factor of energy use, whereas inversed results are shown when we use the monetary indicator. Lastly, unlike the previous studies, the AR approach results indicate that Korean manufacturing sectors have been shifting toward an energy-intensive, so it is hard to anticipate positive intensity effects, which means decreasing energy consumption factor, for a while. These results support why analyzing the driving forces of energy consumption through the AR approach and primary energy base is highly recommended.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document