scholarly journals Expression of amino acid and sugar transporters, aminopeptidase, and the di- and tri-peptide transporter PepT1; differences between modern fast growing broilers and broilers not selected for rapid growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 2272-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna B Miska ◽  
Raymond H Fetterer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
Fast Growing

Cities in the Gulf

2018 ◽  
pp. 1230-1254
Author(s):  
Djamel Boussaa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Historic City ◽  
Ways Of Being

In fast growing cities, such as Dubai, Jeddah and Doha the issue of identity and its implications are increasingly complex and multi-dimensional. Traditionally, people were able to maintain a strong identity in their urban environment because everything was locally influenced, created and managed. In dealing with the question of identity in the present Gulf city, several important concepts are raised; impact of rapid growth and urbanization on the resilient historic centers is one such important issue. This chapter raises and discusses the following question “Will the historic city, the heart of urban life, survive and maintain its place in the emerging global Gulf cities of today and tomorrow?” This study will focus on the three old centers of Dubai, Jeddah and Doha with the aim to explore ways of being undertaken to rediscover their vanishing cultural identities in the mainstream of rapid growth and urbanization that happened since the discovery of oil in the 1950s.

Cities in the Gulf

2016 ◽  
pp. 166-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamel Boussaa
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Historic City ◽  
Ways Of Being

In fast growing cities, such as Dubai, Jeddah and Doha the issue of identity and its implications are increasingly complex and multi-dimensional. Traditionally, people were able to maintain a strong identity in their urban environment because everything was locally influenced, created and managed. In dealing with the question of identity in the present Gulf city, several important concepts are raised; impact of rapid growth and urbanization on the resilient historic centers is one such important issue. This chapter raises and discusses the following question “Will the historic city, the heart of urban life, survive and maintain its place in the emerging global Gulf cities of today and tomorrow?” This study will focus on the three old centers of Dubai, Jeddah and Doha with the aim to explore ways of being undertaken to rediscover their vanishing cultural identities in the mainstream of rapid growth and urbanization that happened since the discovery of oil in the 1950s.

scholarly journals N-Carbamylglutamate and l-Arginine Promote Intestinal Absorption of Amino Acids by Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway and Amino Acid and Peptide Transporters in Suckling Lambs with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Along Peng ◽  
Yin Yu ◽  
Shuang Guo ◽  
Mengzhi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Mtor Signaling Pathway ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Peptide Transporters

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies have revealed that dietary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) and l-arginine (Arg) improve intestinal integrity, oxidative state, and immune function in Hu suckling lambs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Whether these treatments alter intestinal nutrient absorption is unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dietary NCG and Arg treatment during the suckling period on intestinal amino acid (AA) absorption, alterations in the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and the abundance of AA and peptide transporters in IUGR lambs. Methods On day 7 after birth, 48 newborn Hu lambs were selected from a cohort of 424 twin lambs. Normal-birth-weight and IUGR Hu lambs were allocated randomly (n = 12/group) to a control (4.09 ± 0.12 kg), IUGR (3.52 ± 0.09 kg), IUGR + 0.1% NCG (3.49 ± 0.11 kg), or IUGR + 1% Arg (3.53 ± 0.10 kg). Results At day 28, compared with the IUGR group, the IUGR groups receiving NCG and Arg had 7.4% and 7.2% greater (P < 0.05) body weight, respectively. Compared with the IUGR group, the serum concentration of insulin was greater (P < 0.05) and the cortisol was lower (P < 0.05) in the IUGR groups receiving NCG and Arg. Compared with the IUGR group, the IUGR groups receiving NCG and Arg had 13.2%–62.6% greater (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of arginine, cysteine, isoleucine, and proline. Dietary NCG or Arg to IUGR lambs resulted in greater protein abundance (P < 0.05) of peptide transporter 1 (41.9% or 38.2%) in the ileum compared with the unsupplemented IUGR lambs, respectively. Furthermore, dietary NCG or Arg treatment normalized the IUGR-induced variation (P < 0.05) in the ileal ratio of phosphorylated mTOR to total mTOR protein. Conclusion Both NCG and Arg can help mitigate the negative effect of IUGR on nutrient absorption in neonatal lambs.

scholarly journals 89 Nutrition and Feeding of the Modern Hyperprolific Sow

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Laura L Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

Abstract Over the last 25 years, the sow has developed to have a leaner body mass to address the need for leaner, fast growing offspring. The leaner body mass results in a female that biologically can have a lower feed intake. Furthermore, the number of pigs born per litter and milk production have also increased during the same timeframe. Much research has been conducted over the years to investigate the amino acid and energy requirements of both the lactating and gestating sow; however, application of the research has resulted in varied responses. The varied responses can be related to sow health, environmental influences, litter growth rates, and anticipated body reserve changes during lactation. Furthermore, calculations associated with the regression of reproductive tissue after farrowing can complicate the analysis of amino acid requirements. This presentation will discuss some of the recent research associated with feeding the modern sow, potentially challenging some of the differences in data, and offering some thoughts on looking towards the next 25 years of sow production.

A Determination of the Essential Amino Acid Proportions Needed to Allow Rapid Growth in Chicks

1964 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Dobson ◽  
J. O. Anderson ◽  
R. E. Warnick
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Essential Amino Acid

The resistance of Pinus radiata to infection by Macrophoma pinea

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Marks ◽  
G Minko
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Mechanical Barrier ◽  
New Entry

The resistance of wounds made on Pinus radiata to infection by Macrophoma pinea was examined experimentally in the greenhouse and field. A study was made of the anatomy of the epidermal tissues of the leader and stem, of injuries of different ages, and of the recovery stages after inoculation. There were many structural similarities between bark and wound periderm. Both provided mechanical barriers to infection by M. pinea. Wound periderm began to form 3-9 days after injury, and the mechanical barriers appeared after about 18 days. Wounds became resistant to infection after about 3-9 days, which suggests that this resistance was associated with biochemical changes in the uninjured cells lining the wound rather than with the appearance of the mechanical barrier. Superficial injuries occluded rapidly. Wounds on fast-growing trees, however, healed slowly when the cambium was injured; the rapid growth of the xylem continually lifted the callus that was formed over the injury, providing new entry points for M. pinea. This may explain the greater incidence of malformations on very productive sites.

scholarly journals Amino acid absorption and homeostasis in mice lacking the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (1) ◽  
pp. G128-G137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Nässl ◽  
Isabel Rubio-Aliaga ◽  
Henning Fenselau ◽  
Mena Katharina Marth ◽  
Gabor Kottra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
Amino Acid Absorption

The intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 mediates the uptake of di- and tripeptides derived from dietary protein breakdown into epithelial cells. Whereas the transporter appears to be essential to compensate for the reduced amino acid delivery in patients with mutations in amino acid transporter genes, such as in cystinuria or Hartnup disease, its physiological role in overall amino acid absorption is still not known. To assess the quantitative importance of PEPT1 in overall amino acid absorption and metabolism, PEPT1-deficient mice were studied by using brush border membrane vesicles, everted gut sacs, and Ussing chambers, as well as by transcriptome and proteome analysis of intestinal tissue samples. Neither gene expression nor proteome profiling nor functional analysis revealed evidence for any compensatory changes in the levels and/or function of transporters for free amino acids in the intestine. However, most plasma amino acid levels were increased in Pept1−/−compared with Pept1+/+animals, suggesting that amino acid handling is altered. Plasma appearance rates of15N-labeled amino acids determined after intragastric administration of a low dose of protein remained unchanged, whereas administration of a large protein load via gavage revealed marked differences in plasma appearance of selected amino acids. PEPT1 seems, therefore, important for overall amino acid absorption only after high dietary protein intake when amino acid transport processes are saturated and PEPT1 can provide additional absorption capacity. Since renal amino acid excretion remained unchanged, elevated basal concentrations of plasma amino acids in PEPT1-deficient animals seem to arise mainly from alterations in hepatic amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Preservative Treatments on Wood and Their Effects on Metal Fasteners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Bossardi Dias ◽  
Ricardo Marques Barreiros
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Sustainable Material ◽  
Fast Growing

Wood as a building material has characteristics that make it attractive environmentally compared to other materials. It is an economic, historical and sustainable material. Many species of wood are naturally resistant to the action of the organisms that degrade them. However, species with this natural resistance are unable to meet the demand for wood and wood-based products, which have been growing year by year. The scarcity of species resistant to biological degradation forced man to use other less durable species, mainly of rapid growth, from reforestation, such as some species of Eucalyptus and Pinus. These species have moderate or no resistance to attack by biological agents and require preservative treatments. And to increase the life span of these fast-growing woods, protecting them from fungi, insects and other xylophagous organisms, several preservative agents are used, these compounds being highly toxic to these biodeteriorating organisms. It is known that the effectiveness of traditional wood preservation systems is due to the biocidal effect of the products used, however, they pollute the environment. Thus, there is an increasing need to develop effective preservative chemicals, non-toxic to humans and the environment.

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