scholarly journals Divergent cloacal gland photo-responsiveness in male Japanese quail exposed to short days and associated differences in social interactions and reproduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Dominchin ◽  
J.M. Busso ◽  
J.M. Kembro ◽  
R.H. Marin ◽  
D.A. Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Cloacal Gland ◽  
Short Days

PLASMA LEVELS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN GONADECTOMIZED JAPANESE QUAIL EXPOSED TO SHORT OR TO LONG DAYLENGTHS

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. GIBSON ◽  
B. K. FOLLETT ◽  
BARBARA GLEDHILL
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Photoperiodic Regulation ◽  
Male Plumage ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cloacal Gland ◽  
Short Days

SUMMARY Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay in gonadectomized male and female Japanese quail, exposed either to 8 h light: 16 h darkness per day (8L:16D; short days) or to 20L:4D (long days). In both sexes, exposure to long days increased LH levels and in the gonadectomized quail LH continued to rise over several weeks. Eventually the castrated quail had levels about five times higher than the control birds and the ovariectomized quail had levels about 14 times higher than their controls. Quail kept on short days had low LH levels while birds kept on long days and returned to short days resumed low levels after a delay of some days. Since very high levels of LH occurred in gonadectomized quail only when they were on long days, we conclude that the photoperiodic regulation of LH secretion does not operate solely by adjusting sensitivity to gonadal feedback, but works in a more direct manner. Ovariectomized females whether on long days (high LH) or short days (low LH) grew masculine plumage and castrated males retained male plumage. This confirms that the ovary is responsible for sexual dimorphism of plumage and shows that the action of the ovary is not mediated by LH (through feedback). The remaining rudimentary (right) gonad in ovariectomized females did not undergo visible hypertrophy and did not secrete enough hormone to stimulate the cloacal gland or oviduct.

PHOTOPERIODIC MODULATION OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION IN CASTRATED JAPANESE QUAIL

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. URBANSKI ◽  
B. K. FOLLETT
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Photoperiodic Control ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Short Days

Male Japanese quail were castrated when sexually immature and immediately exposed to one of the following stimulatory lighting regimes for 52 days: 11 h light: 13 h darkness/day (11L : 13D), 12L : 12D, 13L : 11D, 14L : 10D, 15L : 9D, 16L : 8D, 20L : 4D or 23L : 1D. One group was retained on short days (8L : 16D). Clearcut differences in the plasma levels of LH and FSH emerged between the various groups. Levels remained very low in castrated quail on 8L : 16D but were much greater in those on 14L : 10D, 15L : 9D, 16L : 8D, 20L : 4D and 23L : 1D, eventually becoming 15 to 20 times higher. Less pronounced castration responses developed on 13L : 11D, 12L : 12D or 11L : 13D. Alterations in photoperiod after day 52 caused an appropriate rise or fall in LH secretion. Photoperiodically induced suppressions were rapid, being highly significant within 4 days, but increases usually had a slower time course. When sexually mature quail (on 16L : 8D) were castrated and transferred to 8L : 16D they also exhibited a rapid suppression in LH secretion. Thus in quail, unlike some mammals, the photoperiodic control over gonadotrophin secretion is independent of the reproductive status of the animal at the time of castration. The results confirm the view that changes in sensitivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to gonadal steroids are not a primary factor in the neural mechanisms underlying photoperiodism in quail.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of the Cloacal Gland in Male Japanese Quail Classified in a T-Maze

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 2013-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Lábaque ◽  
D.G. Satterlee ◽  
D.A. Guzman ◽  
R.H. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Cloacal Gland

Effect of corticosterone on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system of male Japanese quail exposed to either short or long photoperiods

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Deviche ◽  
Renato Massa ◽  
Luciana Bottoni ◽  
Jean-Claude Hendrick
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Posterior Hypothalamus ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Cloacal Gland

Male quail were bred under short photoperiods of 8 h light: 16 h darkness (8L : 16D; SD) for the first 4 weeks of life and were then transferred to either long photoperiods of 16L : 8D (LD) or maintained under the SD regime. Both groups of birds were treated for 2 weeks with a daily dose of either 0·25 or 1·0 mg corticosterone. The conversion of [14C]testosterone in vitro into 5α- and 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5α- and 5β-DHT), 5α- and 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol, and androstenedione was then measured in the pituitary and cloacal glands of all birds. In the hyperstriatum and posterior hypothalamus only 5β-reduced metabolites and androstenedione were detected. Transfer to LD and injection of corticosterone affected the metabolism of testosterone only in the pituitary and cloacal glands. In the pituitary gland, exposure to LD increased the production of 5α-reduced metabolites but not of either 5β-reduced metabolites or androstenedione. In both SD and LD birds, injections of corticosterone enhanced the production of 5β-reduced steroids and decreased the production of androstenedione. In LD birds corticosterone also decreased the production of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol. Plasma levels of LH and FSH were higher in the LD than in the SD birds. In the SD birds treatment with corticosterone increased the level of LH after 14 days of treatment. Exposure to LD decreased the production of 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol and androstenedione in the cloacal gland and increased the conversion of testosterone into 5α-DHT Treatment with corticosterone increased the production of androstenedione in the cloacal gland of LD birds but decreased it in that of SD birds. Corticosterone also partially blocked the photoinduced growth of the cloacal gland, but it slightly stimulated the growth of the gland in the SD birds. After 2 weeks of treatment SD (but not LD) corticosterone-treated birds had higher testicular weights than the corresponding controls. It is suggested that treatment with corticosterone might affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis partly through changes in the metabolism of testosterone.

scholarly journals Effect of Simulated Microgravity on Sexual Development of Male Japanese Quail

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Škrobánek ◽  
Magda Baranovská ◽  
Božena Šárniková ◽  
Marian Juráni ◽  
Michal Zeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Simulated Weightlessness ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Foam Production ◽  
Cloacal Gland

Hypodynamia can be used to simulate weightlessness in laboratory conditions. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of chronic hypodynamia on the growth and development of the testes and cloacal gland, and plasma testosterone concentration in Japanese quail. The testis weight in males reared under hypodynamia was significantly lower compared to agematched control between 21 and 63 days of age (P < 0.05). The cloacal gland area of experimental birds calculated from its width and length was also smaller in comparison with control quail from 35 to 56 days of age (P < 0.05). The foam production was significantly lower in hypodynamia males at age 35, 42, 49 and 63 days (P < 0.05). The plasma testosterone concentration was significantly reduced in hypodynamia birds between 35 and 70 days of age (P < 0.05), with the exception of day 56. These results provide further evidence that although hypodynamia negatively affects the examined variables, the male Japanese quail is able to develop normally under conditions of simulated weightlessness.

The role of the male cloacal gland in reproductive success in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Singh ◽  
K. V. H. Sastry ◽  
N. K. Pandey ◽  
K. B. Singh ◽  
I. A. Malecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Fertile Period ◽  
Sperm Transport ◽  
Cloacal Gland ◽  
White Foam ◽  
Perivitelline Membrane

The adult male Japanese quail has a well developed cloacal gland that produces meringue-like white foam. The physiological significance of the cloacal gland and its foam is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted two experiments to establish the functional role of the cloacal gland and its foam in natural mating and oviducal sperm transport. In the first experiment, artificial insemination of equal numbers of spermatozoa diluted in foam extract and normal saline once in a week were used to determine the role of foam in sperm transport in the female oviduct. After artificial insemination, eggs were collected to measure fertility, the duration of the fertile period, sperm holes and attached spermatozoa in the perivitelline membrane. Higher (P < 0.05) fertility and greater duration of the fertile period were observed when semen was inseminated along with foam extract compared with normal saline. Further, the sperm holes and trapped spermatozoa in the perivitelline membrane were also higher (P < 0.05) in the presence of foam extract. In the second experiment, two males with bigger and smaller cloacal gland areas were allowed to mate with a female. The mating attempts of males with larger cloacal gland were more successful (P < 0.05) than males with smaller cloacal glands. Our results indicated that cloacal foam improves sperm transport in the female oviduct and that males with larger cloacal gland areas are preferred during mating.

INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THYROID AND GONADAL FUNCTION IN FEMALE JAPANESE QUAIL KEPT UNDER SHORT AND LONG PHOTOPERIODS

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PÉCZELY ◽  
G. PETHES ◽  
P. RUDAS
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Short Days

The concentrations of progesterone, testosterone, oestrone, oestradiol, thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) in the plasma of 8-week-old female Japanese quail exposed to short (6 h light: 18 h darkness; 6L: 18D) and long (18L: 6D) photoperiods were determined by radioimmunoassay after ovariectomy, thyroidectomy and treatment with T4. In birds exposed to short days treatment with T4 slightly increased both the concentrations of progesterone, oestrone and oestradiol in plasma and the weight of the ovaries, while ovariectomy increased the testosterone and oestradiol concentrations in plasma. In birds exposed to a long photoperiod, treatment with T4 reduced the level of all the sex steroids measured, ovarian weight and egg production. Thyroidectomy increased the concentration of progesterone in plasma and decreased that of oestradiol. Photostimulation decreased the concentration of T4 in plasma of intact birds while it was ineffective in ovariectomized birds. Ovariectomy did not influence the concentration of T4 in the plasma of birds exposed to either long or short days but the level of T3 was slightly increased in the plasma of birds exposed to short days and markedly increased in the photostimulated group. It would seem, therefore, that whilst there is a distinct relationship between thyroid function and that of the ovary the relationship between ovarian and thyroid function is less marked.

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