scholarly journals Immune response in domestic ducks following intradermal delivery of inactivated vaccine against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus adjuvanted with oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1836-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Su Yuk ◽  
Dong-Hun Lee ◽  
Jae-Keun Park ◽  
Eredene-Ochir TO ◽  
Jung-Hoon Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Intradermal Delivery ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

scholarly journals Persistence of Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Feathers Detached from Bodies of Infected Domestic Ducks

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 5496-5499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yamamoto ◽  
Kikuyasu Nakamura ◽  
Manabu Yamada ◽  
Masaji Mase
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Virus H5n1 ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus H5n1 ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus

ABSTRACT Asian lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) continues to cause mortality in poultry and wild bird populations at a panzootic scale. However, little is known about its persistence in contaminated tissues derived from infected birds. We investigated avian influenza virus (H5N1) persistence in feathers detached from bodies of infected ducks to evaluate their potential risk for environmental contamination. Four-week-old domestic ducks were inoculated with different clades of avian influenza virus (H5N1). Feathers, drinking water, and feces were collected on day 3 postinoculation and stored at 4°C or 20°C. Viral persistence in samples was investigated for 360 days by virus isolation and reverse transcription-PCR. Infectious viruses persisted for the longest period in feathers, compared with drinking water and feces, at both 4°C and 20°C. Viral infectivity persisted in the feathers for 160 days at 4°C and for 15 days at 20°C. Viral titers of 104.3 50% egg infectious doses/ml or greater were detected for 120 days in feathers stored at 4°C. Viral RNA in feathers was more stable than the infectivity. These results indicate that feathers detached from domestic ducks infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) can be a source of environmental contamination and may function as fomites with high viral loads in the environment.

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