scholarly journals Genetic analyses of avian influenza viruses in Mongolia, 2007 to 2009, and their relationships with Korean isolates from domestic poultry and wild birds

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 2229-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-M. Kang ◽  
M.-C. Kim ◽  
J.-G. Choi ◽  
D. Batchuluun ◽  
T.-O. Erdene-Ochir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Domestic Poultry

scholarly journals Antibody responses to avian influenza viruses in wild birds broaden with age

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1845) ◽  
pp. 20162159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Hill ◽  
Ruth J. Manvell ◽  
Bodo Schulenburg ◽  
Wendy Shell ◽  
Paul S. Wikramaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pathogenic H5n1

For viruses such as avian influenza, immunity within a host population can drive the emergence of new strains by selecting for viruses with novel antigens that avoid immune recognition. The accumulation of acquired immunity with age is hypothesized to affect how influenza viruses emerge and spread in species of different lifespans. Despite its importance for understanding the behaviour of avian influenza viruses, little is known about age-related accumulation of immunity in the virus's primary reservoir, wild birds. To address this, we studied the age structure of immune responses to avian influenza virus in a wild swan population ( Cygnus olor ), before and after the population experienced an outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in 2008. We performed haemagglutination inhibition assays on sampled sera for five avian influenza strains and show that breadth of response accumulates with age. The observed age-related distribution of antibody responses to avian influenza strains may explain the age-dependent mortality observed during the highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak. Age structures and species lifespan are probably important determinants of viral epidemiology and virulence in birds.

scholarly journals Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) Influenza Viruses of Clade 2.3.4.4 from North America Have Limited Capacity for Replication and Transmission in Mammals

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan S. Kaplan ◽  
Marion Russier ◽  
Trushar Jeevan ◽  
Bindumadhav Marathe ◽  
Elena A. Govorkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
North American ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
The North ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses have been introduced into North America from Asia, causing extensive morbidity and mortality in domestic poultry. The introduced viruses have reassorted with North American avian influenza viruses, generating viral genotypes not seen on other continents. The experiments and analyses presented here were designed to assess the impact of this genetic diversification on viral phenotypes, particularly as regards mammalian hosts, by comparing the North American viruses with their Eurasian precursor viruses. Highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N8) viruses from clade 2.3.4.4 were introduced to North America by migratory birds in the fall of 2014. Reassortment of A(H5N8) viruses with avian viruses of North American lineage resulted in the generation of novel A(H5N2) viruses with novel genotypes. Through sequencing of recent avian influenza viruses, we identified PB1 and NP gene segments very similar to those in the viruses isolated from North American waterfowl prior to the introduction of A(H5N8) to North America, highlighting these bird species in the origin of reassortant A(H5N2) viruses. While they were highly virulent and transmissible in poultry, we found A(H5N2) viruses to be low pathogenic in mice and ferrets, and replication was limited in both hosts compared with those of recent highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses. Molecular characterization of the hemagglutinin protein from A(H5N2) viruses showed that the receptor binding preference, cleavage, and pH of activation were highly adapted for replication in avian species and similar to those of other 2.3.4.4 viruses. In addition, North American and Eurasian clade 2.3.4.4 H5NX viruses replicated to significantly lower titers in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells than did seasonal human A(H1N1) and highly pathogenic A(H5N1) viruses isolated from a human case. Thus, despite their having a high impact on poultry, our findings suggest that the recently emerging North American A(H5N2) viruses are not expected to pose a substantial threat to humans and other mammals without further reassortment and/or adaptation and that reassortment with North American viruses has not had a major impact on viral phenotype. IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses have been introduced into North America from Asia, causing extensive morbidity and mortality in domestic poultry. The introduced viruses have reassorted with North American avian influenza viruses, generating viral genotypes not seen on other continents. The experiments and analyses presented here were designed to assess the impact of this genetic diversification on viral phenotypes, particularly as regards mammalian hosts, by comparing the North American viruses with their Eurasian precursor viruses.

scholarly journals Serologic Testing for Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Birds: Comparison of Two Commercial Competition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
pp. e178-e179
Author(s):  
Elisa Pérez-ramírez ◽  
Vanessa Rodríguez ◽  
Dagmar Sommer ◽  
Juan Manuel Blanco ◽  
Pelayo Acevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
Immunosorbent Assays

scholarly journals Monitoring Emergent Avian Influenza Viruses Subtypes H5 and H7 in Wild Birds in Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borys Stegniy ◽  
Denys Muzyka ◽  
Mary Pantin-Jackwood ◽  
Oleksandr Rula ◽  
Anton Stegniy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Wild Waterfowl

The abstract is devoted to monitoring studies of circulation of the AIV subtypes H5 and H7 in wild waterfowl and shorebirds around the Azov-Black Sea in Ukraine

scholarly journals Genesis and spread of multiple reassortants during the 2016/2017 H5 avian influenza epidemic in Eurasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (34) ◽  
pp. 20814-20825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Lycett ◽  
Anne Pohlmann ◽  
Christoph Staubach ◽  
Valentina Caliendo ◽  
Mark Woolhouse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Reassortant Viruses

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 lineage can cause severe disease in poultry and wild birds, and occasionally in humans. In recent years, H5 HPAI viruses of this lineage infecting poultry in Asia have spilled over into wild birds and spread via bird migration to countries in Europe, Africa, and North America. In 2016/2017, this spillover resulted in the largest HPAI epidemic on record in Europe and was associated with an unusually high frequency of reassortments between H5 HPAI viruses and cocirculating low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Here, we show that the seven main H5 reassortant viruses had various combinations of gene segments 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Using detailed time-resolved phylogenetic analysis, most of these gene segments likely originated from wild birds and at dates and locations that corresponded to their hosts’ migratory cycles. However, some gene segments in two reassortant viruses likely originated from domestic anseriforms, either in spring 2016 in east China or in autumn 2016 in central Europe. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to domestic anseriforms in Asia, both migratory wild birds and domestic anseriforms in Europe are relevant sources of gene segments for recent reassortant H5 HPAI viruses. The ease with which these H5 HPAI viruses reassort, in combination with repeated spillovers of H5 HPAI viruses into wild birds, increases the risk of emergence of a reassortant virus that persists in wild bird populations yet remains highly pathogenic for poultry.

scholarly journals Surveillance for avian influenza viruses in wild birds at live bird markets, Egypt, 2014‐2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Kayed ◽  
Ahmed Kandeil ◽  
Mokhtar R. Gomaa ◽  
Rabeh El‐Shesheny ◽  
Sara Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Live Bird
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