scholarly journals Horizontal transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis in groups of experimentally infected laying hens housed in different housing systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. De Vylder ◽  
J. Dewulf ◽  
S. Van Hoorebeke ◽  
F. Pasmans ◽  
F. Haesebrouck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Housing Systems

Horizontal Transmission of Salmonella enteritidis and Effect of Stress on Shedding in Laying Hens

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Nakamura ◽  
Noriyuki Nagamine ◽  
Toshio Takahashi ◽  
Shoko Suzuki ◽  
Mayumi Kijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Horizontal Transmission

scholarly journals Horizontal transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected laying hens housed in conventional or enriched cages

2014 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 3145-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Gast ◽  
Rupa Guraya ◽  
Deana R. Jones ◽  
Kenneth E. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Horizontal Transmission

scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils-Based Supplement and Salmonella Infection on Gene Expression, Blood Parameters, Cecal Microbiome, and Egg Production in Laying Hens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Georgi Yu. Laptev ◽  
Elena A. Yildirim ◽  
Larisa A. Ilina ◽  
Valentina A. Filippova ◽  
Ivan I. Kochish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Blood Biochemical

One of the main roles in poultry resistance to infections caused by Salmonella is attributed to host immunity and intestinal microbiota. We conducted an experiment that involved challenging Lohmann White laying hens with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE), feeding them a diet supplemented with an EOs-based phytobiotic Intebio®. At 1 and 7 days post-inoculation, the expression profiles of eight genes related to immunity, transport of nutrients in the intestine, and metabolism were examined. Cecal microbiome composition and blood biochemical/immunological indices were also explored and egg production traits recorded. As a result, the SE challenge of laying hens and Intebio® administration had either a suppressive or activating effect on the expression level of the studied genes (e.g., IL6 and BPIFB3), the latter echoing mammalian/human tissue-specific expression. There were also effects of the pathogen challenge and phytobiotic intake on the cecal microbiome profiles and blood biochemical/immunological parameters, including those reflecting the activity of the birds’ immune systems (e.g., serum bactericidal activity, β-lysine content, and immunoglobulin levels). Significant differences between control and experimental subgroups in egg performance traits (i.e., egg weight/number/mass) were also found. The phytobiotic administration suggested a positive effect on the welfare and productivity of poultry.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Morphology of Adrenal Glands in Hens Kept in Two Different Housing Systems—A Pilot Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Franziska Keßler ◽  
Angelika Grümpel-Schlüter ◽  
Christian Looft ◽  
Stefanie Petow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Interrenal Cells

It is difficult to objectively assess the chronic effects of housing systems on livestock and particularly on laying hens. However, this seems to be important in the context of animal welfare. Therefore, we conducted the present study in order to compare the effect of two different housing conditions, single cage (SC) and floor pen (FP), on the morphology of the adrenal gland. A higher amount of interrenal cells, which secrete stress hormones, can lead to a difference in the relation of adrenal and interrenal cells, which could be interpreted as an indication of chronic stress. For this purpose, adrenal glands were extracted, prepared, stained and examined by microscopy, and total area of the cut, total area of interrenal cells and total area of adrenal cells were measured. As a result, all laying hens had a higher percentage of interrenal cells than adrenal cells (FP: interrenal cells/adrenal cells = 78.37%/21.63%; SC: 80.00%/20.00%). The median of adrenal–interrenal ratio did not differ significantly (FP = 0.2503, SC = 0.2499), while the variation of the ratio between laying hens in FP and SC showed a slight tendency of a higher ratio in adrenal glands of FP (p < 0.0870). Body weight and adrenal–interrenal ratio were significantly negatively correlated in laying hens in FP (rS = −0.943, p < 0.0048) but not in SC (rS = −0.162, p = 0.7283). There was no significant correlation between body weight and total cell area for interrenal cells or adrenal cells. Body weight was significantly lower for laying hens kept in SC than for laying hens kept in FP (p < 0.0001). Due to the present results, it can be concluded that keeping laying hens in single cages can have a negative effect on body weight.

scholarly journals DAMAGES OF THE KEEL BONE IN LAYING HENS – OVERVIEW OF THE ETIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
K. Uzunova ◽  
L. Lazarov
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Industrial Complexes ◽  
Characteristic Behaviour ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The Individual

The damages of the locomotor system and the skeletal system, in particular, are one of the major problems in the industrial poultry farming. The topic for the pathological changes in the keel bone in oviparous birds has become especially popular among scientists and researchers in recent years. The high incidence of keel bone damage (KBD) of laying hens in industrial complexes is one of the biggest welfare problems facing the industry. They lead to disturbance of the animal welfare, causing pain, limiting the ability to move and to perform the characteristic behaviour of the species. This in turn causes a decrease in productivity and unacceptably large losses not only for the individual producer but also for the whole sector. The problem with the KBD is widespread in Switzerland, Great Britain, the Nederland, Belgium, Germany, and Canada. Different genetic lines of laying hens are affected, as well as all types of breeding systems. In general, the etiological factors are reduced to three main groups – genetic predisposition, unbalanced diet and imperfections in housing systems. The causes and influencing factors of KBD remain unknown to the research community - a circumstance that seriously complicates the development of effective strategies to reduce their occurrence and severity.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Type of Alternative Housing System, Genotype and Age of Laying Hens on Egg Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Sokołowicz ◽  
Józefa Krawczyk ◽  
Magdalena Dykiel
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Alternative Housing ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
System Type ◽  
Eggshell Color

Abstract The present study investigated the effect of the type of alternative housing system, and genotype and age of laying hens on physical traits of egg shell and contents. It was demonstrated that alternative housing system type influenced egg weight and shape, and eggshell color and yolk color intensity. Eggs from free-range system were heavier and were characterized by more intense yolk color. No effect of alternative housing system type on albumen height, value of Haugh units (HU value) and presence of meat and blood spots was noted. Hen genotype had a significant effect on egg weight and eggshell color intensity in each of the alternative housing systems tested in this study. Hy-line Brown hens laid heavier eggs than hens of native breeds. Genotype was also observed to affect egg content traits (albumen height, HU values and presence of meat and blood spots). Independently of the type of alternative housing system, most blood and meat spots were noted in eggs of hens laying brown-shelled eggs, i.e. R-11 and Hy-line Brown layers. Laying hen age significantly impacted on egg weight, yolk percentage, eggshell traits (color intensity, weight, thickness and strength) and egg content traits (HU value, yolk weight and color intensity, presence of meat and blood spots). Older hens laid heavier eggs with a greater yolk percentage but with thinner eggshell.

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