scholarly journals A Study of the Chemical Composition of the Proximal Tibial Articular Cartilage and Growth Plate of Broiler Chickens

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. NAKANO ◽  
J.S. SIM
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Broiler Chickens

Growth dependent changes in the chemical composition of proximal tibial articular cartilage and growth plate of broiler chickens

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakano ◽  
J. S. Sim
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Keratan Sulfate

Chemical composition of the proximal tibial articular cartilage and growth plate of broiler chickens from seven age groups (1, 8, 14, 22, 29, 36, and 43 d old) was studied. In the articular cartilage, the contents of dry matter, collagen measured as hydroxyproline, and keratan sulfate increased (P < 0.05), and the content of sialic acid decreased (P < 0.05) as age advanced. The content of chondroitin sulfate measured as uronic acid and the proportion of hyaluronic acid in total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) were relatively constant (P > 0.05) among the age groups. In the growth plate, the contents of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate increased (P < 0.05) with age, while the contents of dry matter, sialic acid, and collagen were similar among the age groups. The proportion of hyaluronic acid in total GAG decreased at the age of 8 d, and remained relatively constant thereafter. The growth dependent changes observed in the concentration of chondroitin sulfate in the broiler chicken cartilage were different from those in other species which have been reported to show a decrease during early postnatal growth. Key words: Tibia, epiphyseal cartilage, growth plate, broiler chicken, age

scholarly journals Prediction of metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal for broiler chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Jorge Victor Ludke ◽  
Michele Bernardino de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gross Energy

This research aimed at generating and evaluating prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal. The used information refers to values of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) and for chemical composition of poultry offal meal. The literature review only included published papers on poultry offal meal developed in Brazil, and that had AMEn and TMEn values obtained by the total excreta collection method from growing broiler chickens and the chemical composition in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The general equation obtained to estimate AMEn values of poultry offal meal was: AMEn = -2315.69 + 31.4439(CP) + 29.7697(MM) + 0.7689(GE) - 49.3611(Ca), R² = 72%. For meals with high fat contents (higher than 15%) and low mineral matter contents (lower than 10%), it is suggest the use of the equation AMEn = + 3245.07 + 46.8428(EE), R² = 76%, and for meals with high mineral matter content (higher than 10%), it is suggest the equations AMEn = 4059.15 - 440.397(P), R² = 82%. To estimate values of TMEn, it is suggested for meals with high mineral matter content the equation: TMEn = 5092.57 - 115.647(MM), R² = 78%, and for those with low contents of this component, the option is the equation: TMEn = 3617.83 - 15.7988(CP) - 18.2323(EE) - 96.3884(MM) + 0.4874(GE), R² = 76%.

scholarly journals Synovial joint morphogenesis requires the chondrogenic action of Sox5 and Sox6 in growth plate and articular cartilage

2010 ◽  
Vol 341 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dy ◽  
Patrick Smits ◽  
Amber Silvester ◽  
Alfredo Penzo-Méndez ◽  
Bogdan Dumitriu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Synovial Joint

Localization of type X collagen in canine growth plate and adult canine articular cartilage

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Gannon ◽  
Gordon Walker ◽  
Mark Fischer ◽  
Randy Carpenter ◽  
Roby C. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Type X Collagen

scholarly journals Slaughter Qualities and Chemical Composition of the Meat of the Broiler Chickens Fed with Thyme Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4113-4117
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
Low Temperature Drying ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of various dosages of the extract of the thyme medicinal plant on the slaughter qualities and the chemical composition of the meat of broiler chickens has been studied. The preparation was obtained by the method of water-ethanol extraction followed by low-temperature drying at the Agroecologia research laboratory of the Kuzbass State Agricultural Academy. The scientific economic experiment with the duration of 40 days was performed with broiler chickens of the Hubbard ISA F 15 cross at the broiler farm. One reference and five experimental groups of day-old broiler chickens were formed, 37 chickens in each group. The chickens in the reference group received basic diet, while the broilers in the experimental groups additionally received thyme extract in the following daily dosages: the first — 2 mg/kg, the second — 4 mg/kg, the third — 6 mg/kg, the fourth — 8 mg/kg, and the fifth — 10 mg/kg of body weight. At the end of the studies, the positive effect of feeding thyme extract on the characteristics of anatomical dissection of broiler chickens' carcasses was found. In the third, the fourth, and the fifth experimental groups, no significant differences were found, compared to the reference group. By the results of dispersion analysis of the data, a significant effect of thyme extract on the contents of lysine, threonine, and methionine has been found by the amino acid composition of the meat of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Developmental Distribution of Collagen Type XII in Cartilage: Association with Articular Cartilage and the Growth Plate

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Gregory ◽  
Douglas R. Keene ◽  
Sara F. Tufa ◽  
Gregory P. Lunstrum ◽  
Nicholas P. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Collagen Type

Performance of broiler chickens fed rice milling waste based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
R. S. Onabanjo ◽  
G. S. Ojewola ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. O. Adedokun ◽  
E. U. Ewa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
The Cost

The growing concern about the cost of feed ingredients, use of least cost feed formulation and maintenance of a reliable nutritional requirement for broiler birds irrespective of the season is almost compelling to look for alternatives. Thus, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of broiler chickens fed rice milling waste (RMW) as a replacement for maize. Chemical composition of rice milling waste was determined, while eleven experimental diets each were formulated to contain RMW as replacement for maize at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%. Three hundred (300), 7-day-old chicks were allocated to the 11 dietary treatments each having 3 replicate pens with 10 birds per pen in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Feed and water were provided ad libitum for 6 weeks. Growth performance, carcass yield, organ proportions and economics of production were monitored. Data were subjected to ANOVA at P<0.05. The result from the chemical composition showed that rice milling waste has 89.84% dry matter, 10.80% crude protein and 24.09% crude fibre, while the gross energy was 3789 kcal/g, this showed that RMW is suitable as feed ingredient and as well would not hinder absorption and nutrient utilization. The result of the growth performance showed that broiler chickens fed 10% - 40% RMW had greater average daily weight gain (55.33g- 47.97g), reached a greater slaughter and carcass weight (1500g – 1650g) and were more feed efficient than broiler chicken of the other treatments (P<0.05 for each). In addition, from an economical point of view birds fed 10 - 40% were superior to the other treatments where the cost/kg weight gained (N292.21K – N315.96K) were lower than the remaining treatment groups. Thus, the inclusion of RMW in diet of broiler chickens as a replacement for maize improved nutrient utilization and economic value. It can therefore be recommended that RMW can be used to replace maize between 10% -40% in the diets of broiler chickens.     La préoccupation croissante au sujet du coût des ingrédients alimentaires, de l'utilisation de la formulation d'aliments pour animaux les moins coûteux et du maintien d'une exigence nutritionnelle fiable pour les oiseaux de gril, quelle que soit la saison, est presque convaincante pour chercher d'autres solutions. Ainsi, cette expérience a été menée pour évaluer la performance des poulets à griller nourris aux déchets de fraisage du riz (le 'RMW') comme remplacement du maïs. La composition chimique des déchets de fraisage du riz a été déterminée, tandis que onze régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés pour contenir le 'RMW' comme remplacement pour le maïs à 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% et 100%. Trois cents (300), poussins de 7 jours ont été alloués aux 11 traitements diététiques ayant chacun 3 stylos de répétition avec 10 oiseaux par stylo dans un design complètement randomisé (CRD). L'alimentation et l'eau ont été fournies ad libitum pendant 6 semaines. Les performances de croissance, le rendement de la carcasse, les proportions d'organes et l'économie de la production ont été surveillés. Les données ont été soumises à ANOVA (P<0.05) Le résultat de la composition chimique a montré que les déchets de fraisage du riz ont 89,84% de matière sèche, 10,80% de protéines brutes et 24,09% de fibres brutes, tandis que l'énergie brute était de 3789 kcal/g, ce qui a montré que le 'RMW' est approprié comme ingrédient d'alimentation et ainsi n'entraverait pas l'absorption et l'utilisation des nutriments. Le résultat de la performance de croissance a montré que les poulets a griller nourris 10% - 40% RMW avaient un gain de poids quotidien moyen plus élevé (55.33g- 47.97g), ont atteint un plus grand poids d'abattage et de carcasse (1500g - 1650g) et étaient plus économes en aliments pour des animaux que le poulet de gril des autres traitements (P<0.05 pour chacun). En outre, d'un point de vue économique, les oiseaux nourris de 10 à 40 % étaient supérieurs aux autres traitements où le coût/kg de poids gagné (N292.21 K – N315.96 K) était inférieur à celui des autres groupes de traitement. Ainsi, l'inclusion du RMW dans l'alimentation des poulets de poulet a griller comme remplacement du maïs a amélioré l'utilisation des nutriments et la valeur économique. Il peut donc être recommandé que le 'RMW' peut être utilisé pour remplacer le maïs entre 10% -40% dans les régimes des poulets à griller.

scholarly journals Relationship between chemical composition and standardized ileal digestible amino acid contents of corn grain in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 4496-4504
Author(s):  
Behzad Sadighi Sheikhhasan ◽  
Hossein Moravej ◽  
Fateme Ghaziani ◽  
Enric Esteve-Garcia ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Corn Grain

scholarly journals Mice Lacking the Matrilin Family of Extracellular Matrix Proteins Develop Mild Skeletal Abnormalities and Are Susceptible to Age-Associated Osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Lutz Fleischhauer ◽  
Claudia Nicolae ◽  
Carina Prein ◽  
Zsuzsanna Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Endochondral Bone Formation ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Skeletal Phenotype

Matrilins (MATN1, MATN2, MATN3 and MATN4) are adaptor proteins of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), which bridge the collagen II and proteoglycan networks. In humans, dominant-negative mutations in MATN3 lead to various forms of mild chondrodysplasias. However, single or double matrilin knockout mice generated previously in our laboratory do not show an overt skeletal phenotype, suggesting compensation among the matrilin family members. The aim of our study was to establish a mouse line, which lacks all four matrilins and analyze the consequence of matrilin deficiency on endochondral bone formation and cartilage function. Matn1-4−/− mice were viable and fertile, and showed a lumbosacral transition phenotype characterized by the sacralization of the sixth lumbar vertebra. The development of the appendicular skeleton, the structure of the growth plate, chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation, and survival were normal in mutant mice. Biochemical analysis of knee cartilage demonstrated moderate alterations in the extractability of the binding partners of matrilins in Matn1-4−/− mice. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed comparable compressive stiffness but higher collagen fiber diameters in the growth plate cartilage of quadruple mutant compared to wild-type mice. Importantly, Matn1-4−/− mice developed more severe spontaneous osteoarthritis at the age of 18 months, which was accompanied by changes in the biomechanical properties of the articular cartilage. Interestingly, Matn4−/− mice also developed age-associated osteoarthritis suggesting a crucial role of MATN4 in maintaining the stability of the articular cartilage. Collectively, our data provide evidence that matrilins are important to protect articular cartilage from deterioration and are involved in the specification of the vertebral column.

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