scholarly journals Reducing Nitrogen Excretion of the Laying Hen by Feeding Lower Crude Protein Diets

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1473-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Protein Diets

Gaseous emissions of slurry from pigs offered low crude protein diets

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
P.J. Hobbs ◽  
B.F. Pain ◽  
T.H. Misselbrook ◽  
R.M. Kay ◽  
P.A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Odour Concentration ◽  
Protein Diets

Increasingly emissions from livestock production has caused problems for the industry. If the problem can be reduced at source by a change of diet this could be the simplest solution, requiring the minimum of effort.Reducing nitrogen excretion by pigs offered low crude protein (CP) diets may not only reduce nitrogen polluting potential of slurry, but also change gaseous and odorous emission characteristics.Slurry was collected from beneath slatted pens at the end of the fmishing period (65 to 90 kg live weight) of groups of pigs offered either a commercially available finisher diet (F-com), slurry A, or a low CP diet (F-lc) formulated using a commercial least cost database which has been shown to reduce the nitrogen concentration of the slurry, slurry B. Slurry samples were placed in a closed odour emission chamber and air samples taken after 0, 15, 40, 65, 95, 155 and 225 minutes. Odour concentration (OC) was determined by dynamic dilution olfactometry.

scholarly journals Multiple Amino Acid Supplementations to Low-Protein Diets: Effect on Performance, Carcass Yield, Meat Quality and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Broilers under Hot Climate Conditions

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A. Attia ◽  
Fulvia Bovera ◽  
Jinquan Wang ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Harthi ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Protein Diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-protein diets with amino acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality and nitrogen excretion of broilers raised under hot climate conditions during the finisher period. In trial 1, broilers from 28 to 49 days of age were fed 18% crude protein (CP) as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with (1) DL-methionine (Met) + L-lysine (Lys), (2) Met + Lys + L-Arginine (Arg), or (3) Met + Lys + L-Valine (Val). In trial 2, broilers from 30 to 45 days of age, were fed an 18% CP diet as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with Met, Lys, Arg, Val, L-Isoleucine (Ile) or combination with glycine (Gly) and/or urea as nitrogen sources: (1) Met + Lys, (2) Met + Lys + Arg, (3) Met + Lys + Val, (4) Met + Lys + Ile, (5) Met + Lys + Arg +Val + Ile + Gly, and (6) Met+ Lys + Arg + Val + Ile + Gly + urea. Protein use was improved by feeding low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets as compared to the high-protein diet. Feeding 15% crude protein diet supplemented with only methionine and lysine had no negative effects on carcass yield, CP, total lipids and moisture% of breast meat while decreasing nitrogen excretion by 21%.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Supplementation to Reduce Environmental Impacts of Broiler and Pig Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Cappelaere ◽  
Josselin Le Cour Grandmaison ◽  
Nicolas Martin ◽  
William Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Poultry and swine farming are large contributors to environmental impacts, such as climate change, eutrophication, acidification, and air and water pollution. Feed production and manure management are identified as the main sources of these impacts. Reducing dietary crude protein levels is a nutritional strategy recognized to both decrease the use of high-impact feed ingredients and alter manure composition, reducing emissions of harmful components. For a successful implementation of this technique, feed-grade amino acid supplementation is crucial to maintaining animal performance. Reducing crude protein lowers nitrogen excretion, especially excess nitrogen excreted in urea or uric acid form, improving nitrogen efficiency. At the feed-gate, low–crude protein diets can reduce the carbon footprint of feed production through changes in raw material inclusion. The magnitude of this reduction mainly depends on the climate change impact of soybean meal and its land-use change on the feed-grade amino acids used. Reducing dietary crude protein also lowers the environmental impact of manure management in housing, storage, and at spreading: nitrogen emissions from manure (ammonia, nitrates, nitrous oxide) are reduced through reduction of nitrogen excretion. Moreover, synergetic effects exist with nitrogen form, water excretion, and manure pH, further reducing emissions. Volatilization of nitrogen is more reduced in poultry than in pigs, but emissions are more studied and better understood for pig slurry than poultry litter. Ammonia emissions are also more documented than other N-compounds. Low–crude protein diets supplemented with amino acids is a strategy reducing environmental impact at different stages of animal production, making life cycle assessment the best-suited tool to quantify reduction of environmental impacts. Recent studies report an efficient reduction of environmental impacts with low–crude protein diets. However, more standardization of limits and methods used is necessary to compare results. This review summarizes the current knowledge on mitigation of environmental impacts with low–crude protein diets supplemented with amino acids in poultry and swine, its quantification, and the biological mechanisms involved. A comparison between pigs and poultry is also included. It provides concrete information based on quantified research for decision making for the livestock industry and policy makers.

Partition of nitrogen in the urine of African sheep given a variety of low-protein diets

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Topps ◽  
R.C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. Sixteen foods, made up with differing proportions of roughage and concentrates and ranging in crude protein content from approximately 2·6% to 10·0%, were each offered ad libitum to Blackhead Persian wether sheep. The nitrogen balance of the sheep and the distribution of nitrogen in the urine were measured.2. Urinary nitrogen excretion decreased with the digestible nitrogen intake. There was a highly significant (P < 0·01) positive correlation between either excretion of urea or of allantoin and digestible nitrogen intake.3. The amount of creatinine excreted varied little with diet but was directly related to the body weight of the sheep.4. For 8 diets, hippurate excretion by the sheep was directly related (P<0·01) to intake of digestible nitrogen, while a significant (P<0·05) positive correlation between the same measures was found for the other 8 diets.5. It is suggested that with certain types of diets the excretion of either nitrogen, urea or allantoin in the urine may be useful indicators of digestible nitrogen intake of low-protein diets by sheep.

214 Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Valine and Isoleucine Annuls the Negative Effects of Very Low Protein Diets on Growth and Gut Development of Young Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Parniyan Goodarzi ◽  
Cedrick N N Shili ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Caitlyn Wileman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract Increased feed cost, post-weaning diarrhea, and nitrogen excretion are challenging the modern swine industry. Very low-protein (LP) diets (&gt;4% units reduced protein) may reduce feed cost, diarrhea and nitrogen excretion; however, these diets impair growth performance of pigs despite supplementation of limiting amino acids (i.e., lysine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of valine, isoleucine and combination of both supplemented to VLP diet on growth, thermal radiation, and gut development in young pigs. Forty three-week-old weaned barrows were weighed (6.75 ± 0.14 kg) and randomly assigned to five groups (8 pigs/group) including: 1) standard diet or positive control (PC), 2) LP diet, 3) LP + valine (LPV), 4) LP + isoleucine (LPI) and 5) LP + both valine and isoleucine (LPVI) for five weeks. Daily feed intake and weekly growth characteristics were measured and weekly thermal images were captured. All pigs were euthanized at week 5 and tissue samples collected. All data were analyzed with univariate GLM followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (SPSS®). Compared to PC, final body weight, average daily gain, average daily protein intake and gain:feed ratio were reduced in LP group, but feeding pigs with LPVI partially or completely recovered these parameters. Pigs fed with LPVI had higher thermal radiation than those fed with PC, LP, and LPI on days 28 and 35 of study and had a greater the area under the curve for thermal radiation than LP and LPI. Duodenal villus width and crypt depth, and ileal villus height were decreased in LP relative to PC, but LPVI either partially or fully recovered these measurements. In conclusion, supplementing a combination of valine and isoleucine recovered the negative effects of very low-protein diets on growth performance and gut development, but increased the thermal radiation in weaned pigs.

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