Research Note: Sodium and Potassium Chloride Drinking Water Supplementation Effects on Acid-Base Balance and Plasma Corticosterone in Broilers Reared in Thermoneutral and Heat-Distressed Environments

The kidney is responsible for control of water, electrolyte (particularly sodium and potassium), and acid–base balance and for excretion of metabolic wastes, and it has important functions as an endocrine organ, including key roles in renin, vitamin D, and erythropoietin production or metabolism. The nephron—beginning at the glomerulus, the functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, through which glomerular filtrate passes to be finally excreted as urine. The nephron is divided into anatomically and functionally distinct sections that work together to maintain homeostasis....

Download Full-text

Acid-base balance and blood and urine electrolytes of man during acclimatization to CO2

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1964.19.1.48 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 48-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

K. E. Schaefer ◽

G. Nichols ◽

C. R. Carey

Keyword(s):

Cation Exchange ◽

Time Course ◽

Respiratory Acidosis ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Base Balance ◽

Urine Electrolytes ◽

Two Phases ◽

Sodium And Potassium

Acid-base balance regulation and changes in electrolyte metabolism have been studied in 20 subjects exposed to 1.5% CO2 over a period of 42 days with control periods preceding and subsequent to exposure. During exposure to CO2 a slight uncompensated respiratory acidosis was present during the first 23 days followed by a compensated respiratory acidosis. Deacclimatization was incomplete, even after 4 weeks of recovery on air. Arterial CO2 tension increased 5 mm Hg during exposure and remained at this elevated level during the first 9 days of recovery on air. In chronic respiratory acidosis the concentration of chloride in the red cells and in plasma remains practically normal, indicating that the chloride shift does not operate. Cation exchange was observed under these conditions. Sodium increased while potassium showed an approximately equivalent decrease. Sodium and potassium balance studies indicated that only sodium exhibits a pattern paralleling the two phases of acid-base balance regulation, retention being followed by increased excretion. Body weight was maintained throughout the experiment in spite of a 24–30% reduction in food intake. mild respiratory acidosis and compensation; 1.5% CO2 exposure and recovery; arterial pCO2, chloride shift, and cation exchange; sodium and potassium excretion; sodium potassium and nitrogen balance; acid-base regulation in chronic hypercapnia; time course in acid-base regulations during chronic exposure to low concentration of CO2; acclimatization and deacclimatization to low concentration of CO2 Submitted on July 22, 1963

Download Full-text

Does the Minerals Content and Osmolarity of the Fluids Taken during Exercise by Female Field Hockey Players Influence on the Indicators of Water-Electrolyte and Acid-Basic Balance?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 505

Author(s):

Joanna Kamińska ◽

Tomasz Podgórski ◽

Krzysztof Rachwalski ◽

Maciej Pawlak

Keyword(s):

Training Session ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

The Body ◽

Field Hockey ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Hockey Players ◽

Before And After ◽

Base Balance ◽

Sodium And Potassium

Although it is recognized that dehydration and acidification of the body may reduce the exercise capacity, it remains unclear whether the qualitative and quantitative shares of certain ions in the drinks used by players during the same exertion may affect the indicators of their water–electrolyte and acid–base balance. This question was the main purpose of the publication. The research was carried out on female field hockey players (n = 14) throughout three specialized training sessions, during which the players received randomly assigned fluids of different osmolarity and minerals contents. The water–electrolyte and acid–base balance of the players was assessed on the basis of biochemical blood and urine indicators immediately before and after each training session. There were statistically significant differences in the values of all examined indicators for changes before and after exercise, while the differences between the consumed drinks with different osmolarities were found for plasma osmolality, and concentrations of sodium and potassium ions and aldosterone. Therefore, it can be assumed that the degree of mineralization of the consumed water did not have a very significant impact on the indicators of water–electrolyte and acid–base balance in blood and urine.

Download Full-text

Complementary role of citrate and bicarbonate excretion in acid-base balance in the rat

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.1.f182 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 255 (1) ◽

pp. F182-F187 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. M. Kaufman ◽

T. Kahn

Keyword(s):

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Potassium Chloride ◽

Metabolic Alkalosis ◽

Reciprocal Relationship ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Bicarbonate Concentration ◽

Acid Base ◽

Plasma Bicarbonate ◽

Chloride Depletion ◽

Base Balance

Studies were performed to evaluate whether alterations in the excretion of citrate, a metabolic precursor of bicarbonate, play a quantitatively important role in acid-base balance during bicarbonate feeding in the rat. Potassium depletion (K-DEPL), chloride depletion (Cl-DEPL), or potassium plus chloride depletion (KCl-DEPL) was produced by eliminating potassium, chloride, or potassium chloride from the diet. After 3 days of depletion, sodium bicarbonate (4,000 mueq/24 h) was added to the diet for 7 days. In all groups plasma bicarbonate concentration increased minimally during bicarbonate administration and was similar to normal controls receiving bicarbonate. In K-DEPL, citrate excretion was less than normal but bicarbonate excretion was greater than normal. In Cl-DEPL, bicarbonate excretion was less than normal but citrate excretion was greater than normal. In KCl-DEPL, bicarbonate and citrate excretion were similar to normal. Sodium bicarbonate was also administered to K-DEPL and KCl-DEPL rats in which plasma bicarbonate concentration averaged 32.9 meq/1. The reciprocal relationship between citrate and bicarbonate excretion was not altered by the profound metabolic alkalosis. Again, plasma bicarbonate concentration changed little with sodium bicarbonate administration. These studies suggest that the ability to excrete a base load remains intact despite potassium or chloride depletion or metabolic alkalosis. Complementary alterations of citrate and bicarbonate excretion play an important role in acid-base balance under these conditions.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Bilateral Ligation of the Parotid Duct on Phosphorus, Sodium and Potassium Metabolism and Acid-Base Balance in the Goat

The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.1292/jvms1939.37.155 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 155-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hiroshi SATO

Keyword(s):

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Parotid Duct ◽

Base Balance ◽

Sodium And Potassium ◽

Potassium Metabolism

Download Full-text

Endocrinology and metabolic disorders

10.1093/med/9780199565979.003.00010 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Dr Kevin Shotliffe ◽

Dr Annabel Fountain ◽

Dr Mike Jones ◽

Dr Jennifer Gray ◽

Dr Richard Leach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Diabetic Coma ◽

Phosphate Metabolism ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Balance ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Sodium And Potassium

Chapter 10 covers endocrinology and metabolic disorders, including diabetes and diabetic coma, abnormalities of sodium and potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, metabolism, acid-base balance, thyroid emergencies, pituitary emergencies, adrenal emergencies, and toxin-induced hyperthermic syndromes.

Download Full-text

Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (3-4) ◽

pp. 0206-0217 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽

Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽

Mohsen Karamati ◽

Bahram Rashidkhani

Keyword(s):

Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Balance ◽

Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

Download Full-text