scholarly journals Effects of Population Density on the Growth, Organ Weights, and Plasma Corticosterone of Young Broiler Chicks

1983 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. PESTI ◽  
B. HOWARTH
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Organ Weights

scholarly journals Economic evaluation, carcass characteristics and organ weights of broiler chickens fed graded levels of raw tropical sickle pod seed meal based-diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
C. Augustine
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dressing Percentage

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of raw Senna obtusifolia seed meal (RSOSM) on carcass characteristics, organ weights and economic performance of broilerchickens in a 9 weeks trial. One hundred and eighty (180) broiler chicks weremanaged on deep litter pens. Six (6) experimental diets were formulated to contain RSOSM at concentrations of 0,5, 10, 15,  20 and 25%, and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. The broiler chicks were randomly allotted to the 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with pen location serving as the blocking factor. Data were collected on final live weight, plucked and dressed weight, cut-up parts and economic performance of broiler chickens fed RSOSM based-diets. The data collected were analysed using a computer statistical package (Statistix, 9.0). Carcass parameters such as dressed weight and dressing percentage were observed to be depressed as the level of RSOSM increases in the diets. Dressing percentage decreased from 78.69 to 52.38% in T1 to T6, respectively. The weight of cut-upparts followed similar trend as above. Thigh and drum stick significantly (P<0.05) decreased from 10.16 to 7.88 g and 9.01 to 6.11g in T1 to T6, respectively. The result of organ weights indicated significant (P<0.05) reduction in weights as the level of RSOSM increases in the experimental diets exceptfortheliverwhich indicated significant (P<0.05)increasein weightas the levels of RSOSM increases in the diets. On economic ground, inclusion of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens is not cost effective. This is because feed cost per kilogram weight gain was observed to increase as the level of RSOSM increases in the diets. Feed cost per kilogram body weight gain was observed to increase from N223.84 to N290.18 in T1 to T6, respectively. In conclusion, incorporation of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens showed depressive effects on carcass yield and organs weight. Furthermore, inclusion of RSOSM beyond 5% in the diets of broiler chickens is not cost effective. It is recommended that the seeds of RSOSM be thoroughly processed before incorporation in the diets of broiler chickens. There is also urgent need to conduct more studies on the best processing method(s) that will effectively detoxify RSOSM and improve its utilization.  

scholarly journals Effect of betaine and air ammonia concentration on broiler performance, plasma corticosterone level, lymphoid organ weights and some haematological indices

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gudev ◽  
S. Popova-Ralcheva ◽  
I. Ianchev ◽  
P. Moneva
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Leukocyte Number

This study was initiated to examine the effect of betaine supplementation (1g/kg) on hematocrit level, erythrocyte and leukocyte number, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, plasma corticosterone, rectal temperature, relative lymphoid organ weights and average daily gain in broiler chickens reared in a poultry house under natural ambient conditions and high air ammonia level. A total of 100 broiler chickens at the age of 45 d were allocated into 2 groups: control and betaine supplemented. The broilers were kept on deep litter in windowless poultry house. The results of this study indicated no significant changes in terms of hematocrit, erythrocyte number, leukocyte number, lymphoid organ weights and average daily gain.Betaine supplemented broilers had lower heterophil/lymphocytes ratio at d8 (P<0.05) relative to control broilers inspite of the similar values of plasma corticosterone between the groups. Plasma corticosterone concentration in betaine supplemented broilers increased (P<0.05) at d 15, relative to d8. The observed increase in plasma corticosterone was not accompanied by increase in heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. These results are interpreted to suggest that the decreased heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in experimental broilers was due to the modulatory effects of ammonia on NO synthesis rather than to the modulatory effect of corticosterone.

Effects of in ovo supplementation of probiotics on performance and immunocompetence of broiler chicks to an Eimeria challenge

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Pender ◽  
S. Kim ◽  
T.D. Potter ◽  
M.M. Ritzi ◽  
M. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Immune Organ ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Mixed Inoculum ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Eimeria Infection

Coccidiosis is regarded as the parasitic disease with the greatest economic impact on the poultry industry due to reduced performance and increased mortality. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo administration of probiotics on hatchability, performance, immune organ weights, and lesion scores in broiler chicks during a mixed Eimeria infection. At embryonic day 18, 210 eggs were injected with either sterile water or 1×106 cfu probiotic bacteria. On day 3 post-hatch, half of the chicks from each treatment group were challenged with a mixed inoculum of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria tenella. Measurements and tissue samples were taken on day of hatch (DOH) and days 3, 9 and 15. On day 9, 24 birds per treatment were scored for intestinal Eimeria lesions. No differences were seen among groups for hatchability as well as for body weight (BW), BW gain (BWG), or immune organ weights prior to the Eimeria challenge. On day 9, the non-challenged birds with probiotic supplementation had higher BW and BWG than the non-supplemented controls while no differences were seen among the challenged groups. On day 15, probiotic supplemented birds had improved BW compared to the non-supplemented birds as well as increased BWG from day 9 to 15. Bursa weight was not affected by treatment at any time point while spleen weight was greater in supplemented birds on day 15. Birds receiving the probiotic had significantly lower mortality than non-treated birds. Additionally, gross lesion severity was reduced due to probiotic supplementation in all intestinal segments evaluated. These results suggest that in ovo supplementation of probiotics may improve early performance and provide protection against a mixed Eimeria infection.

EVALUATION OF MEADOWFOAM (Limnanthes alba) MEAL AS A FEEDSTUFF FOR BROILER CHICKS AND WEANLING RABBITS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. THROCKMORTON ◽  
P. R. CHEEKE ◽  
N. M. PATTON ◽  
G. H. ARSCOTT ◽  
G. D. JOLLIFF
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Limnanthes Alba ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Limnanthes alba or meadowfoam is a potential new oilseed crop, containing glucosinolates. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate meadowfoam meal (MFM) as a feedstuff for broiler chicks and weanling rabbits. In experiment 1, chicks were fed, for 6 wk, diets in which 30% of the dietary protein in the control diet was supplied by raw MFM, steam-cooked MFM (SC), SC plus 3% sodium carbonate (SC +), or aqueous-extracted MFM (EXT). Average daily gain (ADG) was lower (P < 0.01) for raw MFM than for other treatments; the ADG for the other MFM groups was similar to the control value. In experiment 2, chicks were fed diets in which SC isonitrogenously replaced 50% of the soybean meal in the control diet. Treatments were dietary additions of iodine, iodinated casein, and lysine. ADG was reduced (P < 0.01) on all diets containing SC. In both experiments, liver and thyroid weights at 6 wk were increased on all diets containing SC, except for the iodinated casein addition which decreased thyroid weights. Organ weights on EXT were similar to controls. In experiment 3, weanling rabbits were fed diets in which raw MFM supplied 20 and 40%, and SC supplied 20, 40, 60 and 80%, of the dietary protein. ADG was similar to controls when SC-MFM supplied 20 or 40% of the protein, but was less (P < 0.05) at the 60% and 80% levels. At the 20 and 40% levels of raw MFM, ADG was decreased (P < 0.05) compared with controls.

Effect of population density on adrenal glands and reproductive organs of CFW mice

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Southwick ◽  
Vivian P. Bland
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Albino Strain ◽  
Fixed Population

Young mice of the CFW albino strain were subjected to fixed population densities of 1, 4, 8 and 16 animals/cage after a 3-week period of isolation. After 1 week of such groupings, the animals were sacrificed, the adrenal glands, testes and seminal vesicles were weighed and histological preparations were made of the adrenal glands. The increased adrenal weights and decreased reproductive organ weights reported by Christian ( Am. J. Physiol. 181: 477, 1955; 182: 292, 1955) did not occur in the group means of male populations. Increased relative adrenal weights (mg adrenal weight/gm body weight) did occur in wounded animals of these populations, however. Increased relative adrenal weights of males also occurred in populations containing 50% females. Increased adrenal weight was usually, but not consistently, associated with increased cortical width. Testes weights were unaffected by population density. Seminal vesicle weights declined with increasing population density. Crowding increased fertility in groups of 4 and 8, whereas, it impaired fertility in groups of 16.

The influence of norethindrone and mestranol on pituitary–adrenal function

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Usher
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Corticosterone Concentration ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Estrogenic Contaminants

Female Wistar rats were force-fed either Ortho-Novum (66 μg norethindrone and 1 μg mestranol), norethindrone (66 μg), mestranol (1 μg), or water daily for 1 month. After decapitation, organs were weighed, plasma was analyzed for corticosterone concentration, and the adenohypophyseal ACTH content was assayed. Animals treated with Ortho-Novum and mestranol showed a significant ovarian, adrenal, and pituitary weight loss; this was more marked after mestranol. Mestranol also produced a significant uterine atrophy. Norethindrone lowered adrenal weight but had little effect on the other organ weights. Adenohypophyseal ACTH content was significantly decreased after norethindrone but not after mestranol. On the basis that the effects of norethindrone may have been due to estrogenic contaminants, rigorously purified norethindrone was used in a further study. No effects were seen on organ weights although some decrease in pituitary ACTH was still observed. Thymus weight and plasma corticosterone levels were unaltered by any of the treatments. It would appear that increasing estrogenicity (pure norethindrone < crude norethindrone < Ortho-Novum < mestranol) resulted in a decrease in the weight of both the pituitary and the adrenals, and an increased ACTH storage in the adenohypophysis.

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