scholarly journals Additivity of True Metabolizable Energy Values as Measured with Roosters, Broiler Chicks, and Poults

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1941-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. DALE ◽  
H.L. FULLER
Keyword(s):  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks

scholarly journals Effect of viscosity on digestion of nutrients in conventional and germ-free chicks

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Langhout ◽  
J. B. Schutte ◽  
J. de Jong ◽  
H. Sloetjes ◽  
W. A. Verstegen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Digesta Viscosity

A study was conducted with conventional and germ-free broiler chicks to obtain more information on the role of the intestinal microflora in the anti-nutritive effects of NSP in broiler chicks. As the NSP source, highly methylated citrus pectin (HMC) was used at a dose level of 30 g/kg in a maize-based diet. The diets fed to the germ-free chicks were γ-irradiated, whereas those fed to the conventional chicks were not. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds depressed weight gain and food utilization (P < 0·05), whereas in germ-free birds only weight gain was reduced (P < 0·05). Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds reduced digestibilities of energy and starch at the end of the jejunum. Ileal digestibilities of starch and energy were not strongly affected when birds were fed on the HMC-containing diet. Faecal digestibilities of organic matter, crude fat, starch and amino acids, N retention and metabolizable energy were reduced when conventional chicks were fed on the HMC diet. Feeding the HMC diet to germ-free birds hardly affected faecal digestibility of nutrients and N retention, whereas metabolizable energy was increased. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional or germ-free birds increased the viscosity of the digesta in the small intestine. This increase in digesta viscosity was more pronounced in conventional than in germ-free birds. The pH of ileal digesta was reduced when HMC was added to the diet of conventional chicks, but not in germ-free chicks. Feeding the HMC diet to conventional birds markedly affected morphology of the gut wall, whereas in germ-free chicks very little effect was found on gut morphology. Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that the gastrointestinal microflora mediates the magnitude of the anti-nutritive effects of HMC in broiler chicks. However, the exact role of the microflora in chicks in the magnitude of the anti-nutritional effects of HMC could not be derived from the present study, since the results might have been influenced by γ-irradiation of the diets fed to the germ-free chicks.

scholarly journals Compensatory growth in broiler chicks fed on Lemna gibba

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Haustein ◽  
R. H. Gilman ◽  
P. W. Skillicorn ◽  
V. Guevara ◽  
F. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Lemna Gibba ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Concentrations

The growth of broiler chickens on diets containing various levels of Lemna gibba was evaluated. Groups of broiler chicks were fed on diets containing 0-400 g Lemna gibba/kg for 3 weeks. These chickens were then changed to standard diets for a further 2 weeks. As the level of Lemna gibba increased, feed consumption and weight gain decreased. However, when diets were changed to the standard diet, compensatory growth was observed. In a second experiment, diets were formulated with a metabolizable energy of 5.02 MJ (1200 kcal)/kg Lemna gibba and included a finer-milled Lemna gibba. Chickens were fed on diets containing 0-300 g Lemna gibba/kg for 4 weeks. Each group was then divided into two subgroups. For the next 2 weeks one of these sub-groups was maintained on the experimental (Lemna gibba) diets (LL), while the other sub-group was changed to a standard diet (LS). Bird fed at levels above 150 g Lemna gibba/kg had decreased consumption and weight gain. These birds when changed to a standard diet tended to have increased weight gain compared with chickens continuously fed standard rations. LS birds had significantly higher weight gains and feed consumption and lower feed conversion than LL birds. In contrast to older birds, chicks fed on Lemna gibba at high concentrations showed growth retardation. When changed back to a standard diet they demonstrated normal or compensatory growth.

Efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for carcass energy retention in broiler chickens fed different wheat cultivars

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Pirgozliev ◽  
S. P. Rose ◽  
P. S. Kettlewell ◽  
M. R. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Wheat Sample ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six different wheat cultivar grain samples were grown in both the 1993 and 1996 harvest years, and their concentrations of nitrogen-corrected, apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) were determined and carcass energy retentions compared when fed nutritionally complete diets for broiler chicks. The AMEn protocol involved a 14 d feeding period with growing chickens, with all excreta collected for the final 96 h. The carcass energy retention protocol involved a comparative slaughter technique in which growing chickens were given a wheat sample in a nutritionally complete diet at 90% of ad libitum intake. There was a significant (P = 0.023) linear relationship between energy retention and AMEn, although an r2 = 0.42 indicated that there was a substantial amount of unexplained variation. The ratio of energy retained per kg of additional wheat (kcal kg–1) eaten to AMEn (kcal kg–1) intake ranged from 0.49 –0.56 in the 12 wheat samples. There were no significant (P > 0.05) relationships between the proximate nutrient or polysaccharide compositions of the wheat samples and the ratio of energy retained to AME intake. However, there was a significant, (r2 = 0.40; P = 0.028) negative, linear relationship between the water extract viscosity of the wheat sample (log transformed) and this ratio. Key words: Metabolizable energy, energy retention, wheat, poultry

A short note on the metabolizable energy values for broiler chicks of two varieties of field beans (Vicia faba L.) harvested in 1969

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Edwards ◽  
I. F. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Field Beans

In a previous publication (Edwards & Duthie, 1971) the metabolizable energy values for broiler chicks of 11 samples of winter-sown Throws M. S. field beans from the 1968 harvest were reported. The samples had been grown at different locations in England which represented a variety of soil types. The mean ‘classical’ and nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy values were 2–40 ± 0–09 kcal/g and 2–26 ±0-11 kcal/g respectively, with as much as 27 % difference between the highest and lowest individual values.

Effect of wheat type grinding, heat treatment and phytase supplementation on growth efficiency and nutrient utilization of wheat-based diets for broilers

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afsharmanesh ◽  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion

This experiment studied the effect of phytase and processing (heat treatment, grind size) on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets from 1 to 21 d that included hardred spring (HRS) and durum wheat with three grind sizes (470, 560, 630 µm) with or without heat treatment (oven dry at 80°C for 15 h) before supplementation with phytase (Natuphos® 0 or 600 FTU kg-1). All 24 diets contained 0.5 g Avizyme 1302 kg-1 and were formulated (80% wheat, 20% basal diet) to supply nutrients necessary to meet the requirements of broiler chicks, except for a low level of nonphytate phosphorus (P, 2.7 g kg-1). The medium ground HRS-based diet produced significantly better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weights compared with the other two grind sizes. Heat treatment significantly improved feed conversion ratio and apparent metabolizable energy (AME), protein, and P digestibility of diets. It also significantly decreased feed intake, but produced no differences in 21 d body weight. Supplementation with phytase significantly improved AME, protein, and P digestibility of test diets. The AME of diets was influenced by wheat type, processing and grind size. Phytase increased N and P digestibility. Improvements in N and P digestibility by phytase and heat treatment were dependent on wheat type and grind size.The present results suggest an advantage of both phytase and xylanase in durum- and HRS-based diets. Heat processing destroyed endogenous phytase and xylanase in wheat-based diets, and increased the levels of soluble non-starch polysaccharides. Combined phytase, heat treatment, and grind size may synergistically improve N and P digestibility. Key words: Wheat source, grind size, heat treatment, phytase, digestibility, broiler

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids of full-fat soybean without or with protease supplementation in diets for broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Santos Dalólio ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Horácio Santiago Rostagno ◽  
Diego Ladeira da Silva ◽  
Maurílio de Lucas Xavier Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Free Diet ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

ABSTRACT Two experiments were carried out to determine the energy values and the true ileal digestibility of amino acids of nine toasted full-fat soybeans (FFSB), without or with the addition of monocomponent protease. In the first experiment, to determine the energy values, the method of excreta collection was used with 1120 broiler chicks at 14 days old, distributed in randomized blocks in a 10x2 factorial arrangement with nine full-fat soybeans (30% included) plus a control diet (70%) without or with the addition of protease, totaling 20 treatments with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. In the second experiment, 1120 broiler chickens from 24 to 28 days of age were distributed in randomized blocks in a 10x2 factor arrangement, with nine full-fat soybeans (40% included) + a protein free diet (60%), without or with the addition of protease, totaling 20 treatments with 8 replicates and 7 birds per cage. Ileal digesta collection was used to determine the true digestibility coefficients and the digestible amino acid content of full-fat soybean. The average values of nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and their respective metabolization coefficients (CAMEn) were 3207 kcal/kg and 62.57%, respectively. The average values of digestibility coefficients of crude protein and essential and nonessential amino acids were 86.79, 87.90 and 84.34%, respectively. The inclusion of protease improved (P<0.05) all evaluated parameters. Therefore, its use is recommended in diets containing full-fat soybeans for broiler chickens.

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