scholarly journals Studies on the Organic Components of Shell Gland Fluid and the Hen's Egg Shell

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD SALEVSKY ◽  
R.M. LEACH
Keyword(s):  
Shell Gland ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Egg Shell

Radiographic Studies on the Formation of the Hen'S Egg Shell

1951 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
J. R. G. BRADFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Shell Gland ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Shell Deposition ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Pointed End

1. Radiographic methods have been used to study the rate of deposition of the hen's egg shell and the changes in volume and orientation undergone by the egg in the shell gland. 2. Shell deposition commences about 5 hr. after the yolk is ovulated and several series of radiographs were obtained tracing the process from these earliest stages through to the fully calcined shell. 3. From radiographs of calcium carbonate-gelatin mixtures it was found that, for a series of comparable objects differing only in calcium carbonate content, the densitometer readings on their radiographs were directly proportional to the density of calcium carbonate traversed by the X-rays in each object. 4. Hence, densitometer measurements on the periphery of the shell in each of a series of radiographs taken during the development of a single egg shell give values which are proportional to the density (or thickness) of calcium carbonate traversed by the tangential rays. It is shown that the radial thickness is closely proportional to the square of these values. 5. Plotting these squared densitometer readings against time indicates that the rate of deposition of mineral matter in the shell follows an S-shaped curve, with a marked acceleration in shell deposition 5-6 hr. after its onset. 6. During its first few hours in the shell gland, the egg undergoes a 25% osmotic increase in volume. This swelling is brought to a fairly abrupt halt by the increase in the rate of shell deposition and the consequent increase in the impermeability and rigidity of the shell. 7. Throughout all but the last hour or two of its 20 hr. stay in the shell gland, the egg lies with its pointed end caudal. Shortly before it is laid, however, it usually undergoes a 180° rotation in a horizontal plane. Thus the blunt end finally becomes caudal and emerges first when the egg is laid. During the rotation, the egg sinks to a more ventral position. This is necessary because, in most hens, the length of the egg plus the thickness of the walls of the shell gland is greater than the width of the pelvis. 8. The possible significance of the S-shaped curve of shell deposition is discussed. The volume, shape and orientation of the egg are considered in relation to the needs of the chick embryo and to the characteristic structure of the bird's oviduct and pelvis.

scholarly journals Intracellular pH during calcification. A study of the avian shell gland

1969 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Simkiss
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Shell Gland ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Egg Shell

The intracellular pH of the shell gland of the domestic fowl was calculated at various stages in egg-shell formation. The calculation is based on the distribution of 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione between intracellular and extracellular water. The results show a rapid fall in intracellular pH at the time of mineralization and this is interpreted as indicating a removal of protons from the site of calcification.

scholarly journals Contamination of Local Laying Hen’s Egg Shell with Salmonella Serotypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Maysoon R. Jaffer
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Culture Stage ◽  
Egg Shell

Fifty locally laying hen’s eggs random samples were collected from different markets of Baghdad city in order to investigate the presence of Salmonellae Spp. in shell of those eggs. The samples were collected during the period from March 2012 to May 2012.The samples were directly transferred to the Food hygiene laboratory and analyzed immediately without further storage.The isolation and identification methods include: (pre-enrichment) culture stage by peptone water then, (Selective enrichment) culture stage by selenite broth after that culturing on sold (Selective media) which was Bismuth Sulphate agar. The biotyping by using API strip according to the API 20E miniaturized identification system for Salmonella SPP.. The isolated Salmonella strains were transferred on TSI agar to undergone sereotyping at the Institute of Public Health,Baghdad,Iraq. Data revealed that 15 out of the total 50 (30%) of the eggs samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis were the two serotypes that have been found in this study. Nine from 15 (60%) of the isolates was belong to Salmonella enteritidis serotypes while 6 from 15 (40%) of the isolates was belong to Salmonella typhimuriumserotype.

Hen’s egg shell structure and function

1994 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Solomon ◽  
M. M. Bain ◽  
S. Cranstoun ◽  
V. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Shell Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
And Function

Studies on hardness of the hen's egg-shell

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Tung ◽  
L.M. Staley ◽  
J.F. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Egg Shell
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