scholarly journals The Effect of Pen Floor-Type, Environmental Temperature, and Dietary Calcium Source on the Reproductive Performance and Blood Calcium of Medium White Turkeys

1978 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. THOMASON ◽  
A.T. LEIGHTON ◽  
J.P. MASON
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Calcium Source

scholarly journals Selection of Laboratory Mice for Improved Reproductive Performance at High Environmental Temperature

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela R Pennycuik
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
High Environmental Temperature ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Mouse Lines

When mice are transferred from a 'temperate' to a hot environment their reproductive output is reduced. To test whether this reduction could be countered by selection, three mouse lines, housed permanently as 32�C, were selected for increase in the numbers of young reared to 3 weeks when pairs were allowed to remain together for 12 weeks. In one line (R95) in which all fertile pairs contributed to the next generation, no improvement was observed in 19 generations. In two other lines (W21 and W34) in which only half the pairs in one generation contributed to the next, productivity returned, in about 12 generations, to almost the same levels as those of controls housed at 21�C.

Amino Acid Digestibility and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS)-Like Values of Black Soldier Fly Larvae Fed Different Forms and Concentrations of Calcium Using the Precision-Fed Cecectomized Rooster Assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungho Do ◽  
Liz Koutsos ◽  
Pamela L Utterback ◽  
Carl M Parsons ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Abstract Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is an alternative protein source for animals, including dogs and cats. Dietary calcium source is an essential nutrient for BSFL development in the pupal stage. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) are common calcium sources, but differ in solubility, acid-binding capacity, and calcium concentration. A high calcium concentration in BSFL may affect how well nitrogen and amino acids (AA) are digested by animals consuming them, thereby affecting feed conversion efficiency. Our objective was to determine the effects of dietary calcium form and concentration on nutrient composition, AA digestibility, and digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS)-like values of BSFL intended for use in animal feeds using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. All BSFL tested in this study were harvested at 18 d after hatch. Industry standard rearing conditions were maintained and a commercial layer ration was fed to all BSFL until 11 d post-hatch. From d 11 to 18, BSFL were fed a combination of distiller’s dried grains with solubles from a distillery, bakery by-product meal, and varied calcium sources. All BSFL diets contained 0.2% calcium in the basal diet plus additional calcium in the following amounts and forms: BSFLA: 1.2% CaCl2; BSFLB: 1.2% CaCO3; BSFLC: 0.75% CaCO3; BSFLD: 0.6% CaCO3 + 0.6% CaCl2. At d 18, BSFL were washed and frozen. Prior to the rooster assay, BSFL were lyophilized and ground. 16 cecectomized roosters (4 roosters/substrate) were randomly assigned to test substrates. After 24 h of feed withdrawal, roosters were tube-fed 20 g of test substrates. Following crop intubation, excreta was collected for 48 h. Endogenous corrections for AA were made using 5 additional cecectomized roosters. All data were analyzed using a completely randomized design and the GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. Nutrient and AA digestibilities were not different among substrates. DIAAS-like values were calculated to determine protein quality according to Association of American Feed Control Officials nutrient profiles and National Research Council recommended allowances for dogs and cats. Although AA digestibilities did not differ, those containing CaCO3 generally had higher DIAAS-like reference values than the diet containing CaCl2 alone (BSFLA). Aromatic AA (Phe + Tyr) and sulfur AA (Met + Cys) were often first-limiting AA. Our results suggest that calcium source fed to BSFL did not affect AA digestibility and protein quality.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Calcium-Containing Eggshell Powder Supplementation on Urinary Fluoride and Fluorosis Symptoms in Women in the Ethiopian Rift Valley

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Demmelash Mulualem ◽  
Dejene Hailu ◽  
Masresha Tessema ◽  
Susan J. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Skeletal Fluorosis ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Group A

Dietary calcium binds Fluoride (F), thus preventing excess F absorption. We aimed to assess the efficacy of supplementing calcium-containing Eggshell Powder (ESP) on F absorption using urine F excretion and on fluorosis symptoms. In total, 82 women (41 Intervention Group, IG; 41 Control Group, CG) were recruited; overall, 39 in each group completed the trial. Morning spot urine was collected before (baseline, BL) and after (endline, EL) the intervention that was 6-months daily supplementation with 2.4 g ESP (providing ~1000 mg of calcium). Dental, skeletal, and non-skeletal fluorosis assessments was carried out at BL and, except for dental, at EL. Relative risk (RR) and linear generalized estimating equation were used to compare outcomes between groups. At BL, urinary F excretion in the IG and CG groups was similar, ~10 mg/L. At EL, urinary F excretion in IG women was six-fold lower (β = −6.1 (95% CI: −7.1, −5.1)) compared to CG. The risk of developing skeletal and non-skeletal fluorosis were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced in the intervention group. A significant reduction in urinary F excretion and reduction in many fluorosis symptoms were observed among women supplemented with calcium-containing ESP, thus providing evidence for using this dietary calcium source for mitigation of fluorosis. Clinical trials registration: NCT03355222.

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