scholarly journals Influence of Radiant Energy from Fluorescent Light Sources on Growth, Mortality, and Feed Conversion of Broilers ,

1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2055-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Wabeck ◽  
W.C. Skoglund
Keyword(s):  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Feed Conversion

Reliability of High-Power Light Emitting Diode Attached With Different Thermal Interface Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Guo-Quan Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Nanosilver Paste ◽  
Interconnection Material

As a solid electroluminescent source, white light emitting diode (LED) has entered a practical stage and become an alternative to replace incandescent and fluorescent light sources. However, due to the increasing integration and miniaturization of LED chips, heat flux inside the chip is also increasing, which puts the packaging into the position to meet higher requirements of heat dissipation. In this study, a new interconnection material—nanosilver paste is used for the LED chip packaging to pursue a better optical performance, since high thermal conductivity of this material can help improve the efficiency of heat dissipation for the LED chip. The bonding ability of this new die-attach material is evaluated by their bonding strength. Moreover, high-power LED modules connected with nanosilver paste, Sn3Ag0.5Cu solder, and silver epoxy are aged under hygrothermal aging and temperature cycling tests. The performances of these LED modules are tested at different aging time. The results show that LED modules sintered with nanosilver paste have the best performance and stability.

scholarly journals Gd3Li3Te2O12:U6+,Eu3+: A Tunable Red Emitting Garnet Showing Efficient U6+ to Eu3+ Energy Transfer at Room Temperature

Inorganics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
David Böhnisch ◽  
Juri Rosenboom ◽  
Thomas Jansen ◽  
Thomas Jüstel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Emission Lifetime ◽  
Uv Reflectance ◽  
Inorganic Composition ◽  
Color Rendering

Since the invention of fluorescent light sources, there is strong interest in Eu3+ activated phosphors as they are able to provide a high color rendering index (CRI) and luminous efficacy, which will also hold for phosphor converted light emitting diodes. Due to an efficient U6+ to Eu3+ energy transfer in Gd3Li3Te2O12:U6+,Eu3+, this inorganic composition shows red photoluminescence peaking at 611 nm. That means Eu3+ photoluminescence can be nicely sensitized via excitation into the U6+ excitation bands. Therefore, photoluminescence properties, such as temperature dependent emission and emission lifetime measurements, are presented. Charge transfer bands were investigated in detail. Additionally, density functional theory calculations reveal the band structure of the pure, i.e., non-doped host material. Obtained theoretical results were evaluated experimentally by the aid of diffuse UV reflectance spectroscopy.

Laying hens do not have a preference for high-frequency versus low-frequency compact fluorescent light sources

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Widowski ◽  
I.J.H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Testing Chamber

To determine whether hens find the flicker of some fluorescent light aversive, the preferences of 16 light hybrid laying hens for light produced by high-frequency or low-frequency compact fluorescent lamps were tested individually in a two-room testing chamber in which each room could be illuminated by either source. The spectral distributions of the lamps and levels of illumination (ca. 14 lx) in the two rooms were carefully matched and both rooms contained feed, water, and a nesting area. Overhead video cameras recorded the position and behaviour of the birds during a 6-h test period on each of 2 d. The light sources in the rooms were switched on the second test day to balance for any preferences for chamber room.On both test days, the birds spent similar amounts of time in fluorescent light produced by high-frequency and low-frequency lamps (P > 0.10). When data from both test days were combined, the birds spent on average 48.2% of time in light from high-frequency lamps and 51.8% from low-frequency. The frequency distributions of individual activities indicated that the birds performed all activities in light produced by both types of lamps. The results indicate that the laying hens in this experiment did not exhibit a preference for high-frequency fluorescent lamps over low-frequency lamps. We conclude that at the illumination levels used in this experiment, the hens did not perceive the flicker of low-frequency light or they perceived it but did not find it aversive. Low-frequency fluorescent light does not appear to adversely affect the welfare of hens. Key words: Lighting, fluorescent, flicker, behaviour, poultry

An Examination of Visual Clarity with High Color Rendering Fluorescent Light Sources

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. DeLaney ◽  
P. C. Hughes ◽  
J. F. McNelis ◽  
J. F. Sarver ◽  
T. F. Soules
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Color Rendering

scholarly journals 1026 COMPARISON OF INCANDESCENT AND FLUORESCENT LIGHT SOURCES IN PHOTOTHERAPY

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 535-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R C Sisson ◽  
M Ruiz ◽  
K-T Wu ◽  
O S Afuape ◽  
A DiGeorge
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources

An evaluation of fluorescent light sources for use in phototherapy of neonatal jaundice

AIHAJ ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. PILTINGSRUD ◽  
L T. ODLAND ◽  
C. W. FONG
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources

Treatment of pyoderma with radiant energy of artificial light sources

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
G. I. Kozmodemyansky
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Weak Effect ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Aniline Dyes ◽  
Water Alcohol

Pyoderma diseases often lead to disability. The use of the most effective methods, which shorten the time of treatment of pyoderma diseases, will improve the health of workers, save many working days and give great savings in public funds. In recent years, the KSMI skin clinic has been successfully using topically solutions (water, alcohol) of aniline dyes and manganese peroxide for pyoderma. Of the negative aspects of this treatment, it should be noted that aniline dyes stain linen and have a weak effect in forms of deep dermal pyoderma (furuncle, carbuncle, hydradenitis). The simultaneous use of phototherapy with aniline dyes and manganese peroxide, as observations have shown, did not give us special advantages over conventional drug therapy in terms of shortening the treatment time.

Choice Between Fluorescent and Poultry-Specific LED Lights by Pullets and Laying Hens

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 2185-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Hongwei Xin ◽  
Lilong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Preference Assessment ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources

Abstract. Light plays an important role in poultry development, production performance, health, and well-being. Light technology continues to advance, and accordingly new light products are finding applications in poultry operations. However, research concerning responses of young and adult laying hens to light sources is relatively lacking. This study assessed the choice between a Dim-to-Red poultry-specific light-emitting diode (LED) light (PS-LED, correlated color temperature or CCT = 2000K) and a warm-white fluorescent light (FL, CCT = 2700K) by pullets and laying hens (W-36 breed) via preference test. Birds with different prior lighting experiences were evaluated for their light choice, including (1) pullets (14 to 16 weeks of age or WOA) reared under incandescent light (designated as PINC), (2) layers (44 to 50 WOA) under PS-LED (LLED) throughout the pullet and laying phases, and (3) layers under FL (LFL) throughout the pullet and laying phases. Each bird category consisted of 12 replicates, three birds per replicate. Each replicate involved a 6-day preference test, during which the birds could move freely between two interconnected compartments that contained PS-LED and FL, respectively. Time spent and feed intake by the birds under each light were measured and then analyzed with generalized linear mixed models. Results showed that regardless of prior lighting experience, birds in all cases showed stronger choice for FL (p = 0.001 to 0.030), as evidenced by higher proportions of time spent under it. Specifically, the proportion of time spent (mean ±SEM) under FL versus PS-LED was 58.0% ±2.9% vs. 42.0% ±2.9% for PINC, 53.7% ±1.6% vs. 46.3% ±1.6% for LLED, and 54.2% ±1.2% vs. 45.8% ±1.2% for LFL. However, the proportions of daily feed intake occurring under FL and PS-LED were comparable in all cases (p = 0.419 to 0.749). The study thus reveals that prior lighting experience of the pullets or layers did not affect their choice of FL versus PS-LED. While the birds exhibited a somewhat stronger choice for FL, this tendency did not translate into differences in the proportion of feed use under each light type. Keywords: Behavior and welfare, Computer vision, Poultry Lighting, Preference assessment.

The preferences of hens for compact fluorescent over incandescent lighting

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina M. Widowski ◽  
Linda J. Keeling ◽  
Ian J. H. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Incandescent Light ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Testing Chamber ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

To determine whether laying hens find the flicker of fluorescent light aversive, their preferences were tested individually in a two-room testing chamber in which each room could be illuminated by either incandescent or fluorescent lights. The rooms were joined by a central compartment which acted as a light baffle and through which the birds could easily pass. The level of illumination in the two rooms was carefully matched and other resources such as food, water and nest-boxes were available in both rooms. The preferences of 16 mature light hybrid hens which had experience of both fluorescent and incandescent lighting were recorded during a 6-h test period on each of 2 d with the light sources in the rooms being switched on the second day. Overhead video cameras recorded the position and the behaviour of the birds throughout testing. On each of the test days, the hens spent significantly more time in fluorescent light than they did in incandescent light (each day: P < 0.01). When data from both test days were combined, the birds spent on average 73.2% of their time under fluorescent light and only 26.8% under incandescent (P < 0.001). Frequency distributions of ingestive behaviour, nesting, preening, resting and walking indicated that the birds performed all activities in both rooms and in both types of light. These results indicate that the birds either did not perceive the flicker of the fluorescent lights or perceived the flicker and did not find it aversive, and that they found some aspect of the fluorescent light more attractive than incandescent. Key words: Lighting, fluorescent, incandescent, behaviour, poultry

Effects of Shear Stress on the Growth Rate of Micro-Organisms in Agitated Reactors

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Fadlallah ◽  
Mojtaba Jarrahi ◽  
Eric Herbert ◽  
Roselyne Ferrari ◽  
Annick Mejean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Initial Dilution ◽  
Hydrodynamic Shear ◽  
Micro Organisms

The effects of hydrodynamic shear stress on the growth rate of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae cells were studied in agitated photobioreactors, since they have different motility rates and sizes. An experimental setup was designed and constructed to monitor the growth rate of the micro-organisms versus the shear rate; experiments were carried out in a well controlled environment, under constant atmospheric pressure and 20 °C temperature. Digitally controlled magnetic agitator-photobioreactors were placed inside a closed chamber with air flow for 4 weeks, under a uniform full-time light intensity provided by two 6-watt white fluorescent light sources. To study the effects of shear stress produced by mechanical agitation on the growth rate of a micro-organism, different agitation frequencies were tested. All reactors were filled with 150 ml of culture medium and micro-organism suspension, with initial dilution factors (mlsuspenion/mltotal volume) of 1/30 and 1/300 for Synechocystis and C. reinhardtii respectively. The vessels were placed on different agitating systems at the desired agitator rotation speed, and were sealed with a cotton membrane from the top in order to permit air exchange with the external environment. The micro-organisms’ growth was monitored daily by measuring the optical density of the suspensions using a spectrophotometer and was then correlated with the cellular concentration, which was measured in turn using a microscopic cell counter. Throughout the experiments pH levels and temperature were measured regularly and adjusted to 7 and 20 °C respectively in order to maintain the photosynthetic activity of the species. In addition, to measure the shear stress inside the agitated reactors, a mathematical model was derived to determine the global shear stress magnitude. To determine the local shear stress distribution, the velocity field in the reactor was measured for different agitation frequencies using PIV. Different zones of high and low shear stress were identified. The results showed that the growth rate is independent of the shear stress magnitude for Synechocystis; Synechocystis showed strong resistance, unlike C. reinhardtii, which showed linear dependence of growth rate and shear stress.

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