scholarly journals The Effect of Ambient Temperature Upon Body Temperature, Feed Consumption, and Water Consumption, Using Two Varieties of Turkeys

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Parker ◽  
M.A. Boone ◽  
John F. Knechtges
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Consumption

SUMMER WATER CONSUMPTION, BODY TEMPERATURE AND RESPIRATION RATE IN LAMBS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM HOHENBOKEN ◽  
THEODORE P. KISTNER
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Body Temperature Change ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Maximum Minimum

The effects of time on feed and of ambient temperature on water intake, and the effects of preconditioning and shearing treatments and of ambient temperature on body temperature and respiration rate of feedlot lambs were examined. Daily ambient temperature maximum, minimum and range averaged 27.5, 10.8 and 16.7 C, respectively, for 56 days between July and September. For the first 24 days that the lambs were on feed, water intake was not affected by ambient temperature. Intake did increase linearly with day (b = 160 ml), concurrently with increasing feed intake. During the remaining 32 days, water intake per lamb increased 139 ml per 1 C rise in average daily ambient temperature. Afternoon body temperature, morning to afternoon body temperature change, and respiration rate all increased with increasing ambient temperature. Preconditioning 1 wk before weaning (pneumonia, ovine ecthyma and enterotoxemia vaccinations and drenching for tapeworms, intestinal roundworms and coccidia) vs. conditioning the lambs with the same treatments at the time of weaning and shipment did not affect body temperature or respiration rate. Lambs sheared with a clipper attachment which left a 1-cm fleece stubble averaged 0.3 C lower in afternoon body temperature than either close-shorn or unshorn lambs.

scholarly journals A novel mouse model of heatstroke accounting for ambient temperature and relative humidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Miyamoto ◽  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Hirokazu Ohtaki ◽  
Motoyasu Nakamura ◽  
Hiroki Yamaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Core Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Water

Abstract Background Heatstroke is associated with exposure to high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH), and an increased risk of organ damage or death. Previously proposed animal models of heatstroke disregard the impact of RH. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate an animal model of heatstroke considering RH. To validate our model, we also examined the effect of hydration and investigated gene expression of cotransporter proteins in the intestinal membranes after heat exposure. Methods Mildly dehydrated adult male C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three AT conditions (37 °C, 41 °C, or 43 °C) at RH > 99% and monitored with WetBulb globe temperature (WBGT) for 1 h. The survival rate, body weight, core body temperature, blood parameters, and histologically confirmed tissue damage were evaluated to establish a mouse heatstroke model. Then, the mice received no treatment, water, or oral rehydration solution (ORS) before and after heat exposure; subsequent organ damage was compared using our model. Thereafter, we investigated cotransporter protein gene expressions in the intestinal membranes of mice that received no treatment, water, or ORS. Results The survival rates of mice exposed to ATs of 37 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C were 100%, 83.3%, and 0%, respectively. From this result, we excluded AT43. Mice in the AT 41 °C group appeared to be more dehydrated than those in the AT 37 °C group. WBGT in the AT 41 °C group was > 44 °C; core body temperature in this group reached 41.3 ± 0.08 °C during heat exposure and decreased to 34.0 ± 0.18 °C, returning to baseline after 8 h which showed a biphasic thermal dysregulation response. The AT 41 °C group presented with greater hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal damage than did the other groups. The impact of ORS on recovery was greater than that of water or no treatment. The administration of ORS with heat exposure increased cotransporter gene expression in the intestines and reduced heatstroke-related damage. Conclusions We developed a novel mouse heatstroke model that considered AT and RH. We found that ORS administration improved inadequate circulation and reduced tissue injury by increasing cotransporter gene expression in the intestines.

Ambient temperature effects on physiological traits of white-tailed deer

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Holter ◽  
W. E. Urban Jr. ◽  
H. H. Hayes ◽  
H. Silver ◽  
H. R. Skutt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Body Energy

Six adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis) were exposed to 165 periods of 12 consecutive hours of controlled constant ambient temperature in an indirect respiration calorimeter. Temperatures among periods varied from 38 to 0 (summer) or to −20C (fall, winter, spring). Traits measured were energy expenditure (metabolic rate), proportion of time spent standing, heart rate, and body temperature, the latter two using telemetry. The deer used body posture extensively as a means of maintaining body energy equilibrium. Energy expenditure was increased at low ambient temperature to combat cold and to maintain relatively constant body temperature. Changes in heart rate paralleled changes in energy expenditure. In a limited number of comparisons, slight wind chill was combatted through behavioral means with no effect on energy expenditure. The reaction of deer to varying ambient temperatures was not the same in all seasons of the year.

Body temperature regulation and oxygen consumption in young chicks fed thyroid hormone

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1842-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Snyder ◽  
Joseph R. Coelho ◽  
Dalan R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Young Chicks

In chicks the ability to regulate body temperature to adult levels develops during the first 2 weeks of life. We examined whether the ability of young chicks to regulate body temperature is increased by elevated levels of the thyroid hormone 3,3′5-triiodothyronine. By 13 days following hatch, body temperatures of chicks were not significantly different from those expected for adult birds. Furthermore, at an ambient temperature of 10 °C, 13-day-old control chicks were able to maintain body temperature, and elevated serum thyroid hormone levels did not increase rates of oxygen consumption or body temperature above control values. Six-day-old chicks had body temperatures that were significantly lower than those of the 13-day-old chicks and were not able to regulate body temperature when exposed to an ambient temperature of 10 °C. On the other hand, 6-day-old chicks with elevated serum thyroid hormone had significantly higher rates of oxygen consumption than 6-day-old control chicks, and were able to maintain constant body temperatures during cold exposure. The increased oxygen consumption rates and improved ability to regulate body temperature during cold exposure were correlated with increased citrate synthase activity in skeletal muscle. Our results support the argument that thyroid hormones play an important role in the development of thermoregulatory ability in neonate birds by stimulating enzyme activities associated with aerobic metabolism.

scholarly journals PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ADDITIVE” DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Desben Kogoya ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
L J Rumokoy ◽  
M N Regar
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Daily Gain

UTILIZATION OF “GEDI LEAF (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) AS“ADDITIVE” IN DRINKING WATER RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN SUPER NATIVE CHICKEN. Research was done to evaluate the performance of Indonesian super native chicken treated with “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) as“Additive” in drinking water. Study was conducted using hundred individuals of the Indonesian super native day old chicken. The juice of “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) was given as in forms of the four treatments as follows, drinking water without “Gedi” leaf as control (P0), drinking water with 10 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P1), drinking water with 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P2), and drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3). Treatments were applied to the birds at 6 weeks old by completely randomized design five replications at each treatment. Data were taken during 5 weeks. Feeds were using 73 percents of commercial feed added by 10 percents of corn and 17 percents of rice bran with nutritional composition of crude protein 19.49 percents, crude fiber 4.66 percents, fat 3.63 percents, Calcium 1.02 percents, Phosphorus 0.66 percents and metabolic energy of 2920 kcal/kg, all given ad libitum. Variables measurement were focused on feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. Results showed that drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3) was not significantly different with other treatments for feed and drinking water consumption, except for average daily gain and feed conversion. The treatments of P1 and P2 were not significantly different for average daily gain, but these treatments were higher in average daily gain compared with control (P0). The highest value of feed conversion was obtained at treatment P3 and the lowest value was found at treatment P1. These values indicated that the best feed conversion was treatment P1. Therefore, it can be concluded that juice of “Gedi” leaf can be used as the alternative additive feed in drinking water up to 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water in term of high average daily gain and feed conversion of Indonesian super native chicken. Key words: Drinking water, “Gedi” leaf, Indonesian super native chicken.

scholarly journals Body Temperatures in Some Australian Mammals II.Peramelidae

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Diurnal Temperature

Body temperature measurements on the short-nosed bandicoot (Thylacis obeaulus) have shown a nocturnal cycle with a range of 1� 2�C and a short active phase at 2200-0400 hr. The bilby or rabbit bandicoot (Macrotis lagoti8) had a sharply defined temperature cycle, with a range of almost 3�C after several months of captivity, during which the day-time resting temperature was progressively lowered from 36� 4 to 34� 2�C. Forced activity raised the diurnal temperature substantially but not to the nocturnal level. Forced activity did not raise the nocturnal level which was similar in the two species (37' O�C). Both species could regulate effectively at an ambient temperature of 5�C, but only Thylaci8 showed regulation at ambient temperatures of between 30 and 40�C.

Cholecystokinin reduces body temperature in vehicle- but not capsaicin-pretreated rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. R1215-R1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. South
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Capsaicin Application ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Sensory Fibers ◽  
Maximal Suppression

Systemic administration of cholecystokinin C-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) decreases body temperature. However, it remains unclear whether reduction of body temperature is concomitant with suppression of food intake at CCK-8 doses that approach physiological levels. We examined rectal temperature after intraperitoneal CCK-8, 4 micrograms/kg, both in the presence and absence of a preferred food. We found that rectal temperature was significantly reduced by CCK-8 in both conditions and that the reduction of temperature coincided with the time of maximal suppression of food intake by CCK-8. In rats pretreated systemically with 25 or 175 mg/kg of the sensory neurotoxin capsaicin, both suppression of food intake and reduction of body temperature were significantly attenuated or abolished. The 25 mg/kg capsaicin treatment did not alter corneal chemosensitivity or the ability of rats to maintain normothermia at elevated ambient temperature, suggesting that capsaicin damage to neural substrates mediating CCK-8-induced reduction of body temperature 1) did not generalize to cephalic or peripheral warm-sensitive structures, and 2) was limited to fine sensory fibers accessible to intraperitoneal capsaicin application.

Changes in plasma glucose, FFA, corticosterone, and thyroxine in He-O2-induced hypothermia

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Wang ◽  
R. E. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Hypothermia ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Metabolic Substrates

Unanesthetized, male rats were exposed to normal air (NA), or NA and a 4 h-exposure of He-O2 (79% helium, 21% oxygen) at ambient temperature (Ta) of 22 or - 10 degrees C. Blood samples from each individual were taken from a chronically implanted carotid cannula at 1) preexposure, 2) during exposure, 3) 2.5 h after exposure, and 4) 19–20 h after exposure. Exposure to He-O2 at 22 degrees C caused an increase in plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and corticosterone of 45% and 49%, respectively, with little change in plasma glucose and thyroxine. Exposure to He-O2 at 10 degrees C for 3 h invariably induced hypothermia with body temperature (Tb) decreased to 23.7 +- 0.5 degrees C (N = 10). During hypothermia, plasma glucose, FFA, and corticosterone were significantly higher (P LESS THAN 0.05) than those at preexposure and those after exposure to NA at -10 degrees C. During spontaneous recovery from hypothermia, at Ta = 19 degrees C and NA, glucose, corticosterone, and thyroxine returned to normal, but FFA remained significantly higher than at preexposure. The ability of animals to rewarm spontaneously from hypothermia and the quick return of metabolic substrates and hormones to normal after rewarming indicates the preservation of regulatory mechanisms for metabolism at depressed Tb when hypothermia is induced by He-O2 and cold.

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