scholarly journals 45 Ca, 85 Sr and 32 P Absorption by Laying Hens Fed Varying Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Mraz
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
P Absorption

scholarly journals Prolonged Dark Time Within A 24-h Light Regime Improves Eggshell Quality by Enhancing Calcium Deposition in Laying Hens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Xin ◽  
Jingpeng Zhao ◽  
Hongchao Jiao ◽  
Haifang Li ◽  
Xiaojuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Dark Time ◽  
Calbindin D28k ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Transporter

Abstract Background: The absorption and transportation of calcium and phosphorus is mainly relied on their corresponding transporters. Eggshell is mainly formed during dark time in one egg cycle. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different light regime on eggshell quality and the expression of the relevant calcium and phosphorus transporters in laying hens. Seventy two 56-week-old laying hens were randomly divided into two groups and subjected to the following treatments: 16 h light: 8 h dark (control) and 9 h light: 15 h dark (LDP). The expression of phosphorus transporters type IIb Na/Pi co-transporter NaPi-IIa (NPt2a) and NaPi-IIb (NPt2b), calcium transporter calbindin-D28k (CaBP-D28k), and plasma membrane Ca ATPase 1b (PMCA1b) were measured in small intestine, kidney, and eggshell gland. Results: The results showed that the feed intake (P < 0.001) and egg weight (P = 0.05) was decreased by LDP treatment, while laying rate, egg production, and feed efficiency were not significantly influenced (P > 0.05). Compared to control, eggshell hardness was increased (P < 0.05) by LDP treatment whereas eggshell thickness and eggshell percentage were not significant changed. Eggshell calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) contents were elevated in LDP-hens, compared to control birds. Compared to control birds, serum Ca (P < 0.01) and P levels (P = 0.079) at dark time were increased in LDP-hens while and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was lowered (P < 0.05). The protein expression levels of CaBP-D28k and PMCA1b were not influenced in duodenum but were decreased at light time in jejunum of LDP hens. In kidney, the expression of CaBP-D28k, PMCA1b and NPt2a were not changed by LDP treatment. In eggshell gland, however, the expression of CaBP-D28k and osteopontin (OPN) were relative higher in LDP hens compared to control birds, whereas the PMCA1b expression was not altered. Conclusions: The result indicates that the increased circulating Ca and P concentrations in dark time are favorable for the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in eggshell. The result offers an alternative strategy for the laying hen with a worse eggshell problem.

scholarly journals Laying performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed diets supplemented with prebiotics and organic acids

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 294-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Świątkiewicz ◽  
J. Koreleski ◽  
A. Arczewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Eggshell Quality ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of organic acids and the prebiotic fructans on egg production and eggshell quality when added to the layer diet with different levels of calcium and phosphorus. The experiment was carried out on 168 Bovans Brown hens, allocated to 14 groups of 12 replications. Each hen (replication) was kept in an individual cage 40 cm &times; 40 cm in size. A 2 &times; 7 factorial arrangement, with two dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus (normal &ndash; 3.70% Ca, 0.65% P, and reduced &ndash; 3.25% Ca, 0.60% P) and with diets supplemented by selected additives (none, 0.75% inulin, 0.75% oligofructose, 0.50% volatile fatty acids (VFA), 0.25% medium chain fatty acid (MCFA), 0.30% VFA + 0.20% MCFA, 0.75% inulin + 0.50% VFA) was used. The experiment was carried out over 34 weeks, from the age of 26 to 70 weeks. There were no statistically confirmed effects of the factors studied in this experiment on egg performance, i.e. laying rate, egg mass, feed intake and feed conversion. Reducing the dietary levels of Ca and P significantly decreased eggshell percent, thickness, density and breaking strength. The additives used had a considerable effect on eggshell quality at 46, 58 and 70 weeks of age, and these positive effects were most pronounced in the case of inulin and MCFA. There was no significant interaction between Ca and P dietary levels and the additives used. It was thus concluded that selected feed additives which lower the pH of the diet and intestinal content can beneficially influence eggshell quality in older high-producing laying hens. &nbsp;

A critical study of the failure of a long-term calcium and phosphorus balance experiment with laying hens

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Jenkins ◽  
C. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phosphorus Balance ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

A long-term calcium and phosphorus balance experiment with laying hens is described.The cumulative balances of calcium and phosphorus over a whole year were seen to be physiologically impossible.Results from other workers using short term balances could be equally impossible and a similar situation has recently been noted in balance experiments with ruminants.The techniques employed in the experiment were, therefore, investigated in detail.Only systematic errors could be responsible and it was found that the most likely source of such errors was (a) the spilling of food on to the floor or into the water bowl, and (b) failure to collect all the droppings.These errors only become apparent in long-term experiments and are more pronounced when diets containing high levels of calcium and/or phosphorus are fed.

scholarly journals Egg performance, egg quality, and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed diets with different levels of rapeseed expeller cake

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SWIATKIEWICZ ◽  
J. KORELESKI ◽  
A. ARCZEWSKA-WLOSEK
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Egg Performance ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of rapeseed expeller cake (RC) in the diet of laying hens on egg performance, egg quality, retention and excretion of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus, and metabolizability of energy. The experiment was carried out with 72 Bovans Brown hens, from 28 to 53 weeks of age. Experimental treatment consisted of four isonitrogenous and isocaloric corn-soybean diets (as calculated: 17% crude protein, 11.6 MJ/kg metabolizable energy, 0.81% lysine, 0.36% methionine, 3.60% calcium and 0.37% available phosphorus), containing 0, 4, 6 or 8% RC. The RC used was produced from double zero rapeseed and contained 29.3% crude protein, 17.4% crude fat, 10.8% crude fibre, 0.63% calcium, 0.97% phosphorus, 1.91% lysine and 0.84% methionine. During the experimental period, the dietary level of RC had no significant effects on egg performance and egg quality parameters. Boiled eggs from hens fed a diet with 8% RC were characterized by an inferior flavour to those from other groups. There were no treatment effects on nitrogen balance or metabolizability of energy, though the highest dietary level of RC negatively affected retention and excretion of calcium and phosphorus.;

Effect of metabolic acidosis in intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. G480-G484 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Gafter ◽  
J. A. Kraut ◽  
D. B. Lee ◽  
V. Silis ◽  
M. W. Walling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Metabolic Balance ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Control Plasma ◽  
P Absorption

To investigate the effect of metabolic acidosis on intestinal calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) absorption and vitamin D metabolism, metabolic balance studies and in vitro gut sac uptake of 45Ca and [32P]phosphate were performed in rats maintained on low-Ca and moderately low-P diet and fed NH4Cl for 3 or 9 days and pair-fed controls. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D concentration was measured in the rats fed NH4Cl for 9 days and their controls. Net Ca and P absorption was 87–92% in the acidotic rats and did not differ from control. Moreover, gut sac uptakes of 45Ca and [32P]phosphate were not different from control. Plasma 1,25(OH)2D was higher in the ammonium chloride-fed rats than in controls (213 +/- 44 vs. 110 +/- 12 pg/ml), and serum P was lower in the acidotic animals (4.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.3 mg/dl). These data indicate that metabolic acidosis does not depress the augmented intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus noted during their dietary deprivation nor reduce the plasma level of 1,25(OH)2D.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Aluminum on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and Performance of Laying Hens

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMED S. HUSSEIN ◽  
AUSTIN H. CANTOR ◽  
THOMAS H. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals The effect of 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the lactating ewe

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Parturient Paresis ◽  
P Absorption ◽  
Peak Lactation

1. The effect of 1-α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 α-OH-D3) on calcium and phosphorus metabolism has been studied in ewes at peak lactation by a combination of a mineral balance and a radioisotope technique.2. The rate of Ca absorption was substantially higher in the treated ewes than in controls. The rates of endogenous loss of Ca into urine, faeces and milk, however, were only slightly higher.3. In consequence, the net retention of Ca was increased and the loss of skeletal reserves of Ca normally associated with peak lactation, prevented.4. Although the rate of bone accretion increased slightly, the increase in skeletal retention of Ca resulted mainly from a decrease in the rate of bone resorption.5. This finding conflicts with the generally held belief that bone resorption is increased by cholecalciferol treatment.6. The rates of apparent absorption and retention of P were increased by the treatment probably as a result of a direct effect of the 1α-OH-D3 on P absorption.7. These results provide a possible explanation of the beneficial effect of 1α-OH-D3 in preventing parturient paresis (milk fever) in the dairy cow.

scholarly journals Calcium and phosphorus requirements of the ewe during pregnancy and lactation

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
P Absorption

1. Mineral balance and radioisotope studies have been carried out to test the adequacyof the recent Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations for calcium and phosphorus for pregnant and lactating ewes. At the same time, P metabolism was compared throughout pregnancy and lactation in ewes fed according to these recommendations and in ewes fed a plentiful supply of dietary Ca and P.2. Bone mineral stores were mobilized in late pregnancy and early lactation, irrespective of the rate of P absorption. These stores were then replaced in mid- to late lactation in ewes given the plentiful Ca and P intake but not in the ewes given the restricted intake.3. Results suggest that these changes in bone stores occurred as a result of changes in Ca requirements rather than in P requirements, and that accretion of P into bone or resorption of P from bone occurred merely as a conseqence of this change in Ca requirements.Immediate demands for P for maintenance and fetal or milk production do not reflect net Pdemands, which also take into account changes in bone P metabolism.4. The rate of P absorption was directly related to net demands and the rate of endogenous excretion was inversely related to net demands.5. Absorption and endogenous faecal loss of P were also both directly related to P intake.6. A lack of dietary Ca, particularly in mid- to late lactation, makes it impossible to draw conclusions on the adequacy of the Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations for P. Results do suggest, however, that P requirements ought to be calculated according to net demands for P rather than immediate demands.

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