scholarly journals The Effect of a High Level of Dietary Amino Acid Nitrogen on Egg Production and Body Weight Maintenance

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Adkins ◽  
E.C. Miller ◽  
C.A. Elvehjem ◽  
H.R. Bird ◽  
M.L. Sunde
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Production of chickens with marginal vitamin A deficiency

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive E. West ◽  
S. Reinder Sijtsma ◽  
Harry P. F. Peters ◽  
Jan H. W. M. Rombout ◽  
Akke J. Van Der Zijpp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
General Health ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
High Level

Marginally vitamin A-deficient 1-d-old chickens capable of remaining healthy for at least 6 weeks were produced using a two-generation model. In this model, hens fed on diets with a limited vitamin A content were used to obtain 1-d-old chickens which were marginally deficient in vitamin A. Only hens with a narrow range of plasma retinol values (0.60–0.85 μmol/l) were satisfactory for this purpose. Above this range the 1-d-old chickens were not marginally vitamin A deficient. Below this range egg production and hatchability were affected to some extent depending on the degree of vitamin A deficiency. Even when egg production and hatchability remained at a high level in such birds, the 1-d-old chickens produced were not sufficiently strong to survive the first weeks of life. The advantages of the two-generation model for producing marginally vitamin A-deficient chickens are the increased uniformity and predictability of the chickens with respect to body-weight, general health and vitamin A status. However, it does take about 3 months to produce such chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of pullet body weight and hen dietary amino acid treatments on their progeny fed high and low amino acid diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
L.D. Butler ◽  
C.G. Scanes ◽  
S.J. Rochell ◽  
A. Mauromoustakos ◽  
J.V. Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Treatments

CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE OF LAYING BIRDS FED RAPESEED MEAL

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LEESON ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
R. GRANDHI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

Diets containing up to 11% of rapeseed meal protein were fed to individually caged White Leghorn laying birds. Egg production, feed intake and body weight gain were less for birds fed rapeseed, rather than soybean meal. The reduction in body weight gain was associated with a reduction in carcass fat content, and an increase in carcass protein and moisture contents. Liver fat was also less for birds fed rapeseed meal. Results from amino acid supplementation studies indicated that the reduction in carcass fat deposition of laying birds fed RSM may be involved with dietary amino acid balance.

scholarly journals On the Nutrition and Metabolism of Zooplankton II. The relationship between the marine copepod Calanus helgolandicus and particulate material in Plymouth sea water, in terms of amino acid composition

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Cowey ◽  
E. D. S. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Calanus Helgolandicus

The amino acid composition of adult female Calanus helgolandicus Claus and particulate material at station L4 has been analysed from March to December. The average concentration of amino acid nitrogen in Calanus was 7·7% of the dry body weight and accounted for 83% of the total nitrogen. The average level of amino acid nitrogen in the particulate material was 11·9 μg/1. and accounted for 54% of the total nitrogen.The relative quantities of amino acids in Calanus remained remarkably constant throughout the year. The relative quantities of amino acids in particulate material were more variable.The rate of respiration of Calanus measured at 8°C varied from 31 μl. O2/mg. dry body weight/day in winter (December–February) to 79 μl. O2/mg dry body weight/day in summer (April–August).Starving winter Calanus lost 1·8% and starving summer Calanus 2·1% of their dry body weight as amino acids each day. In order to replenish its daily losses of amino acids winter Calanus must sustain a filtering rate of about 30 ml./animal/day: the corresponding value in summer is greater than 50 ml./animal/day.The amino acid composition of Skeletonema costatum is so close to that of the particulate material in the sea, that, as far as amino acids are concerned, Calanus would gain no nutritional advantage by selecting the diatom in preference to the amino acid containing fraction of particulate material as a whole.

scholarly journals Amino acid quality modifies the quantitative availability of protein for reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Ma ◽  
Christen K. Mirth ◽  
Matthew D. Hall ◽  
Matthew D.W. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Length Of Life

AbstractDiet composition, especially the relative abundance of key macronutrients, is well known to affect animal wellbeing by changing reproductive output, metabolism and length of life. However, less attention has been paid to the ways the quality of these nutrients modify these macronutrient interactions. Nutritional Geometry can be used to model the effects of multiple dietary components on life-history traits and to compare these responses when diet quality is varied. Previous studies have shown that dietary protein quality can be increased for egg production in Drosophila melanogaster by matching the dietary amino acid proportions to the balance of amino acids used by the sum of proteins in the fly’s in silico translated exome. Here, we show that dietary protein quality dramatically alters the effect of protein quantity on female reproduction across a broad range of diets varying in both protein and carbohydrate concentrations. These data show that when sources of ingredients vary, their relative value to the consumer can vastly differ and yield very different physiological outcomes. Such variations could be particularly important for meta analyses that look to draw generalisable conclusions from diverse studies.

UTILIZATION OF PARENTERALLY ADMINISTERED NITROGEN BY INFANTS RECEIVING SUBOPTIMAL CALORIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-698
Author(s):  
Philip L. Calcagno ◽  
Mitchell I. Rubin ◽  
P. K. Mukherji
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Protein Starvation

The parenteral administration of 100 mg of amino-acid nitrogen/kg of body weight/ day given within 4 hours to infants who are underfed (40 cal/kg of body weight/day) and protein-starved can change the nitrogen balance from negative to positive or greatly reduce the degree of negative balance. The retained nitrogen is not degraded to urea or excreted as amino acids in the urine in the after-period. It is postulated that the retained amino-acid nitrogen is utilized for synthesis of tissue. Even when the total caloric intake is suboptimal, the administration of a protein hydrolysate during prolonged protein starvation in infants who are unable to ingest protein seems desirable.

The adaptation of energy utilization in the laying hen to warm and cool ambient temperatures

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Davis ◽  
O. E. M. Hassan ◽  
A. H. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Energy Balances

SUMMARYTwo experiments have been performed to study the acclimatization of laying hens to cool or warm environmental temperature, using the comparative slaughter procedure to measure energy utilization. In the first experiment the energy balances over a 3-week period at either 10 or 35 °C were compared; in the second experiment a comparison was made of the energy balances over six consecutive weekly periods at similar cool and warm temperatures.The first experiment confirmed that production could be maintained (88%) in the warm environment even though food intake was markedly reduced (95 and 63 g/day at 10 and 35 °C respectively). In both environments a loss of body weight indicated, that energy intake was insufficient to meet demands for at least part of the period.During the first week of the second experiment there was a small loss of body weight in the cool environment and food consumption was slightly depressed. The results for energy intake, egg production and heat production suggest that acclimatization was complete after 1 week. In the warm environment egg production fell initially (62%) but returned to a high level (86%) during the second week. However, energy intake, body weight and heat production did not reach steady levels until the fourth week. Comparing the first 3 weeks with the subsequent 3 weeks the daily ME consumption was 137 and 161 kcal/kg¾ and the daily heat production was 126 and 116 kcal/kg¾. Similar, although less marked differences were observed in the cool environment. These results therefore emphasize the need to allow adequate time for acclimatization to the environment in studies of energy metabolism.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRIENT INTAKE ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE EGG PRODUCTION OF RHODNIUS PROLIXUS STÅHL (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE)

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Friend ◽  
C. T. H. Choy ◽  
E. Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Time Required ◽  
High Level

Nymphs of Rhodnius prolixus usually take a meal that is nine times the body weight before feeding. Adults usually take only three times their body weight as a blood meal. During the first 24 hours after feeding, the insect eliminates over 40% of the weight of the blood meal as dilute urine. The weight loss after this period is much more gradual.The minimum blood meal which promoted molting in various instars varied between 24.7 and 42.8% of the standard "maximum meal" for each instar; the minimum meal that promoted egg production was 31.3%. Limiting the size of the blood meal to these levels does not extend the time required for molting or egg production.Third- and fifth-instar nymphs, brought to a high level of nutrition by being fed a series of meals that are too small to cause molting, can be made to molt by a terminal meal that is about half the minimum single meal required to induce molting. Thus the amount of abdominal distension required to initiate molting can be lowered if the animals have been brought to a high level of nutrition.Up to a limit of 28 eggs, the number of eggs produced by a female shows good correlation with the amount of blood taken as food.

scholarly journals Walking Or Body Weight Squats May Improve Muscle Dietary Amino Acid Sensitivity During Prolonged Sitting

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (7S) ◽  
pp. 110-110
Author(s):  
Eric Williamson ◽  
Jenna B. Gillen ◽  
Stephanie Estafanos ◽  
Julia M. Malowany ◽  
Nathan Hodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Sensitivity ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid
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