scholarly journals The Relationship of Anatomical Measurements to Egg Production

1934 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wayne Miller ◽  
J.S. Carver
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The role of corticosterone in the regulation of the cellular composition of chicken blood during the stress reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
M.A. Derkho ◽  
L.N. Sajfutdinova ◽  
V.K. Strizhikov ◽  
S.V. Strizhikova ◽  
T.A. Ponomaryova
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Layer Density ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chicken Blood

The influence of hen layer density on the variability of the number of red blood cells, heterophiles and lymphocytes in the blood, the secretory activity of adrenal glands, estimated by the level of corti-costerone and cortisol, as well as the presence of interrelations between hormones and blood cells by calculating complex indices, were studied. Chickens, as the research object, were kept in cages, under conditions of standard layer density and increased by 1.5 and 2.0 times. We found that chickens adapt to an increase in layer density by one and a half times, pro-vided that egg production decreases to 33.33%; two times exceed of the regulatory requirements for laying does not correspond to the adaptive abilities of birds. Depending on the level of layer density excess (stress factor) in chicken blood, the concentration of corticosterone and cortisol increases, determining a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and an in-crease in heterophiles against the background of the preservation of red blood cells, reflecting the “energy price” of adaptation. Corticosterone af-fects the relationship of red blood cells with lymphocytes and heterophiles, determining the variability of the values of the indices reflecting the ratio of red blood cells and lymphocytes (ISEL), red blood cells and hetero-philes (ISEG), red blood cells, lymphocytes and corticosterone (ISELC), red blood cells, heterophiles and corticosterone (ISEGC) and the integral index of red blood cells-heterophiles-lymphocytes and corticosterone (IIEGLC).

scholarly journals The relationship of shortening and strength of eggshell to some egg quality indicators and egg production in hens of different initial laying lines*

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Máchal ◽  
J. Simeonovová
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Shape Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The mean values of shortening force at fracture of egg found out during the five-month observation period ranged between 0.17 and 0.19 mm in 231 hens of seven initial laying lines and strength of eggshell ranged from 29.05 N to 36.46 N. The mean values of shortening force at fracture decreased with age of hens from 0.18–0.22 mm at 28 wk of age to 0.12–0.15 mm at 46 wk of age. Similarly, strength of eggshell decreased from 31.35–37.68 N to 27.91–34.50 N in same time period. Index of shape, ratio of eggshell and albumen to total egg weight also decreased with increasing age of hens. The highest ratio of abnormal eggs was found in both Bar Plymouth Rock lines (BPR A and BPR B) – 7.5% and 8.3% resp. The lowest ratio was found in lines Rhode Island Red (RIR C) – 2.1% and Susex Light (SU) – 2.4 %. The ratio of cracked eggs ranged from 0.9 % to 3.9 %, the ratio of double-yolked eggs was 0.5%–3.2% and the ratio of eggs without shell was 0.4 %–1.5 %. The calculated coefficients of correlation between shortening of egg and index of shape were mainly positive with rp = 0.41 (P < 0.05) and rp = 0.49 (P < 0.01). The correlations between shortening of egg and total number of eggs were mainly negative with rp = −0. 34 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 46 (P < 0.01). Similar correlations existed also between shortening of egg and ratio of cracked eggs, i.e. rp = −0. 44 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 46 (P < 0.01). The correlations between shortening and total number of abnormal eggs were mainly negative rp = −0. 39 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 53 (P < 0.01). The relationships between strength of eggshell and shortening of egg are characterized by positive correlations – rp = 0. 40 (P < 0.05) and rp = 0.55, (P < 0.01). Positive correlations existed also between strength of eggshell and index of shape (from rp = 0. 37 (P < 0.05) to rp = 0.59 (P < 0.01)). Correlations between strength of eggshell and ratio of eggshell ranged from rp = 0.44 (P < 0.01) to rp = 0.74 (P < 0.01). Mainly negative correlations were found out between strength of eggshell and number of eggs rp = −0. 34 (P<0.05) and rp = −0. 44 (P < 0.01), similarly between the strength of eggshell and cracked eggs rp = −0. 40 (P < 0.05) and rp = −0. 52 (P < 0.01). Negative correlations existed between strength of eggshell and total number of abnormal eggs (rp = −0.45 to rp = −0.53 (P < 0.01)). This means that both eggshell shortening and strength may be used when selecting lines for egg quality.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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