scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance and morphological parameters of different sunflower cultivars against charcoal rot

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan ◽  
Safdar Ali ◽  
Nadeem Ahmed ◽  
Maryam Yousaf ◽  
Atta-ur-Rehman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Better Than

Charcoal rot is one of the major threats to sunflower which causes complete crop loss in epidemic conditions. The genetic resistance of sunflower germplasm could be more economical and durable approach for the management of charcoal rot. In the current experiment, six genotypes obtained from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad were evaluated for their resistance and morphological parameters against Macrophomina phaseolina. Under field conditions, none of the cultivars gave immune or resistant response against the disease. FH-337 was found to be susceptible with 54.87% infection while FH-331, FH-106 and Hycanth-33 appeared moderately susceptible with 25-49% infections. The least affected varieties were FH-259 and DK-40 with moderately resistant status in the range of 10-24%. Yield parameters of resistant varieties were better than susceptible ones when compared under inoculated conditions. Moderately resistant genotypes might have the better genetic makeup and could be selected in breeding programs to find out resistant sunflower germplasm to fulfill the needs of growing population. Moreover, these cultivars could be used for better yield of sunflower.

Identification of Soybean Accessions Resistant to Macrophomina phaseolina by Field Screening and Laboratory Validation

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Prakash Arelli ◽  
Jason Bond ◽  
Randall Nelson ◽  
John Rupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Field Screening ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Charcoal rot of soybean, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich, has been a problem for soybean farmers in the United States for many years. However, recently its incidence and severity has increased in midwestern and north-central states. Most management strategies, including chemical and biological methods and other cultural options, have been ineffective in controlling this disease. Furthermore, soybean is often planted every other year or in monoculture. Although genetic resistance would be the most sustainable control strategy, resistant commercial soybean cultivars are presently unavailable. The objective of this test was to identify resistant accessions from the USDA soybean germplasm collection in Maturity Groups (MG) 00 to VII by field screening in five environments. A total of 628 accessions were evaluated using established methods for reaction to this disease in Missouri and Illinois (2008 to 2009), and in Tennessee (2009). In 2010, accessions with disease severity reactions of 1 to ≤ 2 were selected for further evaluation in Tennessee. Among the 45 accessions identified as resistant and moderately resistant (1 to ≤ 2), ten were further assessed using colony forming units recovered from ground root and stem tissues which was then converted to colony forming unit index (CFUI) and validated their resistance using this bioassay. All ten had CFUI levels ranging from 0 to 18.2, which were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the moderately resistant accession, DT97-4290, with 31.8. Four selected accessions, PI594302 (MG VII), PI567562A (MG IV), PI506764 (MG VII), and PI567334 (MG VI), had significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) CFUI of 0, 0.8, 0.8, and 1.5, respectively. This is the first report of soybean accessions with better levels of resistance than the standard released germplasm, DT97-4290. These accessions can serve as additional sources of charcoal rot resistance in future breeding programs. Accepted for publication 20 January 2013. Published 18 March 2013.

Reaction of Drought-Tolerant Soybean Genotypes to Macrophomina phaseolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wrather ◽  
J. G. Shannon ◽  
T. E. Carter ◽  
J. P. Bond ◽  
J. C. Rupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a common disease of many crops including common bean and soybean. Incidence and severity of charcoal rot are enhanced when plants are drought stressed. Resistance to this pathogen in some common bean genotypes was associated with drought tolerance. Resistance to M. phaseolina among soybean genotypes has not been identified, although a few have been rated moderately resistant based on less root tissue colonization by this pathogen compared to other genotypes. A few soybean genotypes have been rated as slow-wilt or drought-tolerant. The reaction of drought-tolerant soybean to M. phaseolina compared to intolerant or drought-sensitive genotypes has not been determined. Our objective was to determine if there were differences in root colonization by M. phaseolina between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean genotypes. Drought tolerance of the soybean genotypes and root colonization by M. phaseolina at the R6 and R8 stages of growth were not related in this study. Some drought-tolerant soybean genotypes may resist root colonization by M. phaseolina, but our results suggest that this is not true for all drought-tolerant genotypes. Accepted for publication 21 March 2008. Published 18 June 2008.

scholarly journals Soybean-Macrophomina phaseolina-Specific Interactions and Identification of a Novel Source of Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Reznikov ◽  
María A. Chiesa ◽  
Esteban M. Pardo ◽  
Vicente De Lisi ◽  
Noelia Bogado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Charcoal rot, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, is an economically important disease of soybean (Glycine max) worldwide. Objectives of the present research were to (i) study the genetic and pathogenic diversity in a collection of M. phaseolina isolates from Argentina and Paraguay and (ii) develop an improved in vitro phenotyping method to evaluate disease response of soybean genotypes to M. phaseolina isolates. Cluster analysis showed no clear association among simple sequence repeat profiles, year of collection, pathogenicity, and geographical origin of the isolates from Argentina and Paraguay. Subsequently, the response of four soybean genotypes against seven M. phaseolina isolates was evaluated in the field and the results were confirmed using the in vitro assay developed. This assay, which is based on root disease development on soybean seedlings, allowed the detection of a differential level of aggressiveness among the isolates on four soybean genotypes. The results suggest the existence of specific interactions among soybean genotypes and M. phaseolina isolates. In addition, cultivar Munasqa RR showed a superior response against M. phaseolina compared with DT 97-4290 (moderately resistant), thus becoming a novel source of resistance to charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Host status of passion fruit genotypes to scab and bacterial blight

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Stefane Mendes Nascimento ◽  
Everaldo Antonio Lopes ◽  
Viviane Manuela Bernardes Silva Magalhães ◽  
José Avelino Cardoso ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

Screening passion fruit genotypes to target resistance to scab and bacterial blight may play an important role in reducing the application of chemical products and losses caused by the diseases. It is likely that resistant genotypes may be found in ongoing breeding programs targeting production traits. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the host status of eighteen passion fruit genotypes from the Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12, CRP 19-12 and CRP 20-12) and two cultivars (FB 200 Yellow Master and FB 300 Araguari) of yellow passion fruit to the scab (Cladosporium herbarum) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). The fungus and the bacterium were artificially inoculated on wounded leaves at the concentrations of 1 x 106 spores mL-1 and 1 x 108 cfu mL-1. Scab incidence and severity were assessed at 7, 14, 21 and 31 days after inoculation (DAI); whereas the bacterial blight evaluations were performed at 10, 20, 28 and 44 DAI. The genotypes CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12 and CRP 19-12 are moderately resistant to scab. The genotype 20-12 and the FB 200 Yellow Master cultivar are susceptible to the fungus. All genotypes are highly susceptible to bacterial blight. 

scholarly journals Shortening the Period for Assessing the Resistance of Olive to Verticillium Wilt Using Continuous Lighting

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175
Author(s):  
Gloria María García-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos Trapero ◽  
Francisco Javier López-Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Defoliating Pathotype

The use of continuous and natural lighting was studied to assess the resistance of 12 olive cultivars to the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. The plants were inoculated by dipping their bare root system in a conidial suspension. ‘Frantoio’ was used as a moderately resistant control cultivar. Several evaluated cultivars were susceptible to the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. However, six of these cultivars were moderately resistant. In most of the evaluated cultivars, continuous lighting allowed for the identification of resistant genotypes during a period that was 3 weeks shorter than that which is normally required in these assessments. This reduction was even greater for the resistant cultivars. The use of continuous lighting could thus be an important tool for use in olive breeding programs, where it is necessary to evaluate many genotypes in short durations and, therefore, to optimize time, space, and labor.

scholarly journals The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina induces oxidative stress-associated genes and related biochemical responses in charcoal rot susceptible sorghum genotypes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananda Y. Bandara ◽  
Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya ◽  
Sanzhen Liu ◽  
Christopher R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

ABSTRACTMacrophomina phaseolina (MP) is a necrotrophic fungus that causes charcoal rot disease in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The host resistance and susceptibility mechanisms for this disease are poorly understood. Here, the transcriptional and biochemical aspects of the oxidative stress and antioxidant system of charcoal rot resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes in response to MP inoculation were investigated. RNA sequencing revealed 96 differentially expressed genes between resistant (SC599) and susceptible (Tx7000) genotypes that are related to the host oxidative stress and antioxidant system. Follow-up functional experiments demonstrated MP’s ability to significantly increase reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) content in the susceptible genotypes. This was confirmed by increased malondialdehyde content, an indicator of ROS/RNS-mediated lipid peroxidation. The presence of nitric oxide (NO) in stalk tissues of susceptible genotypes was confirmed using a NO-specific fluorescent probe (DAF-FM DA) and visualized by confocal microscopy. Inoculation significantly increased peroxidase activity in susceptible genotypes while catalase activity was significantly higher in MP-inoculated resistant genotypes. MP inoculation significantly reduced superoxide dismutase activity in all genotypes. These findings suggested MP’s ability to promote a host-derived oxidative stress response in susceptible sorghum genotypes, which contributes to induced cell death-associated disease susceptibility to this necrotrophic phytopathogen.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel Sources of Resistance to Sclerotinia Basal Stalk Rot in South African Sunflower Germplasm

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Seiler ◽  
Christopher G. Misar ◽  
Thomas J. Gulya ◽  
William R. Underwood ◽  
Bradley C. Flett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Sclerotinia basal stalk rot (BSR) is a serious fungal disease that reduces yield of global sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production. Because limited chemical and biological controls of BSR are available and the present-day hybrids lack sufficient resistance, identification of new sources of resistance is needed to manage the disease in the future. A total of 59 cultivated oilseed sunflower accessions from the Agricultural Research Council, Grain Crops Institute, Potchefstroom, South Africa sunflower collection were evaluated for resistance to BSR in artificially inoculated field trials. Nine accessions from the South African sunflower collection were identified with a disease incidence less than or equal to the moderately resistant sunflower oilseed hybrid. These lines can be used in breeding programs to introgress the genes for resistance to Sclerotinia BSR into other adapted lines, providing a more efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly host plant resistance.

Soybean seed composition in cultivars differing in resistance to charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. BELLALOUI ◽  
A. MENGISTU ◽  
R. L. PARIS
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Oleic Acid Concentration ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Moderately Resistant

SUMMARYSeed composition in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] has not been well investigated under charcoal rot infestation under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The objective of the present experiment was to assess seed composition and nitrogen fixation under these conditions. No significant differences in protein levels in the moderately resistant germplasm line DT97-4290 were observed under these conditions. Under irrigation, protein concentration was significantly (P⩽0·05) higher for the susceptible cultivars Egyptian and Pharaoh under non-infested than infested conditions. The opposite response for protein was observed under non-irrigated conditions for Pharaoh. Oleic acid concentration was significantly (P⩽0·001) higher in susceptible cultivars under infested conditions. The concentration of linolenic acid in susceptible cultivars was significantly lower under infested conditions. The enrichment of Delta 15N in susceptible cultivars under infested conditions indicated that nitrogen fixation was substantially inhibited, but soil nitrogen was used for compensating for atmospheric nitrogen inhibition. These results indicate that charcoal rot infection may alter seed composition and nitrogen fixation in soybean. The alteration in seed composition depended on cultivar susceptibility to charcoal rot and irrigation management.

scholarly journals Reaction of lima bean genotypes to Macrophomina phaseolina

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Mynor Efraín Munguía García ◽  
Enayra Silva Sousa ◽  
Jayara Dayany da Costa Silva ◽  
Maruzanete Pereira de Melo ◽  
José Monteiro da Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Reaction ◽  
Resistance Stability ◽  
Promising Source

ABSTRACT Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is an important disease of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in the Northeast of Brazil. Considering that there are no reports of resistance to this disease in Brazil, 37 lima bean accessions were evaluated for their resistance reaction and resistance stability against isolates of M. phaseolina in two periods of the year (February-March and July-August 2016), with the aim of selecting genotypes with the potential for use in the management of this disease. Seeds were inoculated at sowing, using rice grains with husk that were colonized by the pathogen. The evaluations of genotypes were carried out at every five days, from the tenth day after sowing, using a score scale and dividing them into six reaction classes. From a population of 37 accessions of P. lunatus, no immunity reaction to M. phaseolina was seen; however, thirteen accessions presented the lowest severity levels and greatest stability in the two seasons: UFPI 892, UFPI 908 and UFPI 905, which were considered resistant to the isolate COUFPI 06. The resistance reaction of accessions considered resistant varied depending on the isolate of M. phaseolina. Accession UFPI 908 expressed the most promising results for resistance and stability of resistance against the isolates COUFPI 06, COUFPI 08 and COUFPI 10. Therefore, accession UFPI 908 constitutes a promising source of resistance to M. phaseolina, making possible its use in breeding programs and in integrated management of charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Field Efficacy of Priming Agents to Enhance Physiological Parameters of Sunflower Under Stress From Charcoal Rot (M. Phaseolina)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar ◽  
Misbah Iqbal Iqbal Qamar ◽  
Amer Habib ◽  
Muhammad Fahim Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) can cause significant yield losses in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) throughout the world. Fungicide treatments are often used to manage this pathogen, but due to costs and environmental impacts, alternative methods need to be explored. Priming is an adaptive strategy which enables plant defense systems to react more effectively to pathogen attack. The priming phase in plants can be achieved by stimuli from chemicals, beneficial microbes, arthropods, and abiotic stress which can induce defense systems in plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different priming agents such as salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (AA), gibberellic acid (GA), and jasmonic acid (JA), as either seed or foliar treatments, on charcoal rot on the sunflower. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in two consecutive years (2017-2018). Ten seed of one susceptible (17577) and two moderately resistant (HA-259 and B-224) sunflower cultivars were treated with 2, 4 and 6 mM concentrations of the individual priming agents.. The plants were artificially inoculated with M. phaseolina before sowing by infesting soil, and sixty days after sowing. A number of yield parameters were quantified [head diameter (cm), 100-seed weight (g), achene per head (number), plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), shoot weight (g), root wet and dry weight (g) and chlorophyll content (mg/g)]. Among the priming agents evaluated, AA exhibited a significant impact on all yield parameters at a higher concentration (6 mM) in both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, followed by SA, GA, and JA. The results also revealed that seed treatment priming was more effective than foliar priming. There were statistical differences in yield parameters between both years of the study. The AA seed priming treatment showed the most promise for managing charcoal rot of sunflower. The outcome of this study will help to explore an environmentally sound and economically feasible approach for the management of charcoal rot to get sustainability in edible oil production.

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