scholarly journals Analiza sociodemografică a fenomenului îmbătrânirii populației cu implicații asupra sistemului românesc de pensii

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-116
Author(s):  
Georgiana Virginia Bonea

The first part of the study has as it’s main objective to expose a brief socio-demographic analysis on the problem of aging population, both in Romania and in other European Union countries. The second part of the study follows the implications that the aging population phenomenon has on the Romanian state pension system. Also, the paper proposes an investigation of the risks to which the population aged 65 years and over is exposed in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on specific comorbidities. To form an overview of these aspects, it will be used secondary data research, with information from public institutions such as: the National Institute of Statistics; Ministry of Internal Affairs; National House of Public Pensions; The Government of Romania; Financial Supervisory Authority; Eurostat; World Health Organization; United Nations Organization; Organization for Economic Co-operationand Development; as well as specific legislation and updated specialized literature. The last part of the study offers a series of conclusions which will result in several general solutions to the aging population problem.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Azuonwu Obioma ◽  
◽  
Ihua Nnenna ◽  
Ahiakwo Christian ◽  
◽  
...  

The COVID-19 pandemic has been considered to be very phenomenal as the period is marked with some unimaginable Health crises across the globe. COVID-19 has been a global Public Health threat widely affecting the entire populace irrespective of the class and sex across the region of the world. This has attracted lots of sensitization and interventions from the appropriate approved Health agencies such as World Health Organization, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and others to better inform the general public about the nature and mode of operandi of the pandemic virus in the absence of an accepted therapeutics and vaccines as at the time of this study. However, the media is flooded with information; not excluding some misconceptions about COVID-19 pandemic. These conflicting information are taken by the general public without reservation, hence, the study investigated the level of awareness of the public about COVID-19 virus, in relation to general knowledge, signs/symptoms, associated risk factors, transmission/spread and misconceptions. The study was delimited to Nigerians who had access to the internet. The study instrument was a self-structured questionnaire, validated by experts in this area. A Cronbach Alpha revealed a reliability index of 0.92. The online descriptive survey on the awareness level of the public, utilized Google form technique to create the questionnaire which was sent through emails and links to various social media and private platforms. Five research questions and hypothesis guided the study. A combination of primary and secondary data sources aided the study. Modified Likert scale (four points) was used and a criterion mean of 2.5 was used as the cut-off for either aware/agree (>2.5) or not aware/disagree (<2.5). Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 was used to estimate descriptive and inferential statistics at 5% alpha level for deduction. A response rate of 99.1% was obtained and a sample size of 347 was used. The study outcome suggests many interesting phenomena concerning public awareness about the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a high level of awareness of COVID-19. However, there is a need for the government and media platforms to curtail the spread of fake news and correct the misconceptions about COVID-19 among her citizens in the region.


COVID-19 emerged in China in December. The World Health Organization declares this virus as Global Disaster in March. The coronavirus has affected the social, economic, political dimensions of the nations globally. In this study, the authors consider the impact of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on the different activities of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors of the Indian Economy and various policies and reforms have been taken by the government. The secondary data is collected to put down this literature. Each sector of the economy faces chaos due to coronavirus. Migrant workers or laborers go to their state in the lockdown, a ban on materials, electronics imported from china, supply chain disruption, disturbance in the cash flow are some of the majors' reasons that lead to the uncertainty in different sectors. A fund issued by the Government can be utilized effectively to give benefits to employees, workers, farmers, organizations, and industries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-167
Author(s):  
Ivanda Normalita ◽  
Agus Mahcfud Fauzi

The Covid-19 virus is one of the deadliest viruses and kills almost every country. As a precautionary measure, the government provides policies that must be obeyed by all levels of society. According to WHO (World Health Organization) standards, the policy is known as the 5M, namely, wearing masks, washing hands, maintaining distance, reducing and reducing mobility. The policy must be applied to the daily activities of the community. Sidoarjo is one of the cities in the red zone recently. Data shows that there are more than 24.000 cases of COVID-19. For this reason, the Sidoarjo government applies 5M very strictly when people are carrying out worship. When the community does not implement it, the administrators of the place of worship will reprimand and give directions to the community. The result is that people in Jati Village apply 5M, including when carrying out worship such as congregational prayers, Friday prayers, and so on. The mosque management always provides masks for worshipers, as an anticipation for people who lose or forget not to bring masks. The purpose of this research is to analyze the rationality of people who apply 5M when worshiping in Jati Sidoarjo Village. Qualitative method using primary and secondary data sources. The theory used is the theory of Max Weber regarding the action of rationality. (Virus Covid-19 merupakan salah satu virus yang mematikan dan memakan korban hampir di setiap negara. Sebagai langkah antisipasi pemerintah memberikan kebijakan yang harus dipatuhi oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Sesuai standart WHO (World Health Organization) kebijakan tersebut dikenal dengan istilah 5M yaitu, memakai masker, mencuci tangan, menjaga jarak, menjauhi kerumunan dan mengurangi mobilitas. Kebijakan tersebut diterapkan pada aktivitas masyarakat sehari-hari. Sidoarjo merupakan salah satu kota yang berada di zona merah beberapa waktu terakhir. Data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat jumlah lebih dari 24.000 kasus covid-19. Untuk itu pemerintah Sidoarjo menerapkan 5M dengan sangat ketat tidak terkecuali saat masyarakat melaksanakan ibadah. Ketika masyarakat tidak menerapkan, maka pengurus tempat ibadah akan menegur dan memberikan arahan pada masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat di Desa Jati menerapkan 5M, termasuk saat menjalankan ibadah seperti, sholat jamaah, sholat jumat, dan sebagainya. Adapun pengurus masjid selalu menyediakan masker untuk jamaah, sebagai antisipasi bagi masyarakat yang kehilangan atau lupa tidak membawa masker. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu, menganalisis mengenai rasionalitas masyarakat menerapkan 5M saat beribadah di Desa Jati Sidoarjo. Metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan sumber data primer dan sekunder. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori dari Max Weber mengenai tindakan rasionalitas.)


Author(s):  
Dumilah Ayuningtyas ◽  
Misnaniarti Misnaniarti ◽  
Siti Khodijah Parinduri ◽  
Fitria Aryani Susanti ◽  
Ni Nyoman Dwi Sutrisnawati ◽  
...  

Abstract. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared Coronavirus 2019-2020 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Local transmission of this disease occurs in almost every country around the world. Likewise, in Indonesia, Covid-19 cases have spread to all 34 provinces. This study aims to analyze the local initiative in handling Covid-19 based on the public health perspective in Indonesia. It is based on time, the form of activity, the type of response, and the contribution of local initiatives. This study used secondary data from various media sources and articles on the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia and community assistance as the keywords. The study used 31 news found in media sources from 34 provinces in Indonesia. Handling Covid-19 has become a concern for the government and the public. The government is implementing physical distancing as a way to handle Coronavirus. For the local community, it is in the form of local initiatives by educating the community, fulfilling PPE, supporting infrastructure facilities, crowdfunding carried out personally or in groups, and doing prevention by wearing masks and doing self-quarantine. Various elements of society have played a role and participated in the movement to eradicate the Coronavirus. Cross-sectoral coordination needs to be intensified for the implementation of comprehensive efforts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeya Sutha M

UNSTRUCTURED COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a highly contagious disease. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of July 25, 2020; 15,947,292 laboratory-confirmed and 642,814 deaths have been reported globally. India has reported 1,338,928 confirmed cases and 31,412 deaths till date. This paper presents different aspects of COVID-19, visualization of the spread of infection and presents the ARIMA model for forecasting the status of COVID-19 death cases in the next 50 days in order to take necessary precaution by the Government to save the people.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung Soo Kang ◽  
San Ha Lee ◽  
Woo Jeng Kim ◽  
Jeong Ha Wie ◽  
In Yang Park ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Although the World Health Organization and health authorities in most countries recommend that pregnant women receive inactivated influenza virus vaccines, coverage remains low. This study aimed to investigate (1) the proportion of pregnant women who received an influenza vaccination and influencing factors and (2) the proportion of obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) doctors who routinely recommend influenza vaccination to pregnant women and influencing factors. Methods Two separate, anonymized questionnaires were developed for physicians and pregnant and postpartum women and were distributed to multicenters and clinics in South Korea. The proportions of women who received influenza vaccination during pregnancy and OBGYN doctors who routinely recommend the influenza vaccine to pregnant women were analyzed. Independent influencing factors for both maternal influenza vaccination and OBGYN doctors’ routine recommendations to pregnant women were analyzed using log-binomial regression analysis. Results The proportion of self-reported influenza vaccination during pregnancy among 522 women was 63.2%. Pregnancy-related independent factors influencing maternal influenza vaccination were “(ever) received information about influenza vaccination during pregnancy” (OR 8.9, 95% CI 4.17–19.01), “received vaccine information about from OBGYN doctors” (OR 11.44, 95% CI 5.46–24.00), “information obtained from other sources” (OR 4.38, 95% CI 2.01–9.55), and “second/third trimester” (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.21–4.82).. Among 372 OBGYN doctors, 76.9% routinely recommended vaccination for pregnant women. Independent factors effecting routine recommendation were “working at a private clinic or hospital” (OR 5.33, 95% CI 2.44–11.65), “awareness of KCDC guidelines” (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.11–8.73), and “awareness of the 2019 national free influenza vaccination program for pregnant women” (OR 4.88, 95% CI 2.34–10.17). OBGYN doctors most commonly chose ‘guidelines proposed by the government or public health (108, 46%) and academic committees (59, 25%), as a factor which expect to affect the future recommendation Conclusion This study showed that providing information about maternal influenza vaccination, especially by OBGYN doctors, is crucial for increasing vaccination coverage in pregnant women. Closer cooperation between the government and OBGYN academic societies to educate OBGYN doctors might enhance routine recommendations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adity Shayontony Das ◽  
Fatema Akter Bonny ◽  
Arifa Bente Mohosin ◽  
Sabina Faiz Rashid ◽  
Md Tanvir Hasan

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), vulnerable groups such as persons with disabilities are facing severe impacts of the pandemic. There has always been significant challenges and hurdles in terms of achieving adequate and equitable inclusivity of persons with disabilities in all sections of social life. Education and employment of persons with disabilities were least focused which created more marginalization for the community. The long term impact of these marginalization has also led to the lack of jobs and social security of persons with disabilities, which is very clear now given the crisis in place. In low and middle income countries like Bangladesh the situation is even worse. To better understand the conditions of persons with disabilities in this crisis situation, the present study was initiated to explore the dimensions of livelihood with respect to income and wellbeing of persons with disabilities and to generate evidence for developing policies around these issues.Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken among 30 persons with disabilities from 8 different geographical divisions of Bangladesh. The interviews were conducted through telephone calls due to the existing COVID-19 crisis and mobility restrictions. The respondents were purposively selected based on gender, type of disability, area of resident (urban, rural) and their ability to communicate, therefore most (25/30) respondents were persons with physical disability. Thematic analysis was conducted to generate the findings of the study.Findings: Study findings revealed that majority of the respondents were involved in informal jobs. Predominantly males were daily wage-earners and often the sole breadwinner of the families, very few females were involved in economic activities. Since they had no stable income, the economic shock from the COVID-19 pandemic had affected them badly even leading to household level famine. The study identifies low level of education and informal job security as the primary causes of socio-economic insecurity among persons with disabilities, resulting in challenges in ensuring a stable livelihood during crisis situations, such as COVID-19.Conclusion: Constant alienation of persons of disabilities from the formal sector results in the deterioration of their livelihood standards which even worsen during any emergency crisis such as COVID-19. The study pinpoints that only aided services are not adequate to ensure persons with disabilities' rights rather there is an urgent need of disability inclusion in formal job sector and livelihood training for persons with disabilities. To achieve the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and to irradiate the inequality towards persons with disabilities in the society it is important for the Government and concern bodies to focus on the inclusiveness with better implementation and monitoring strategies.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Winny Zilkhalida Hadi ◽  
Rika Ampuh Hadiguna

The west coast of Sumatera island is one of potential areas of the earthquake and tsunami that requires high vigilance and preparedness seriously. One is the well-prepared-disaster logistics system. World Health Organization (WHO) has been divided into 10 categories of logistics, including the temporary shelter. The purpose of this study is to study attributes that should be required for the mosque as a shelter for victims of the earthquake and tsunami in Padang and provide recommendations to the government of Padang to prepare the mosque as a shelter. Formulation of mosque attributes as a shelter eligibility has been obtained through literature review and interviews. Attributes have been formulated in the form of questionnaires that filled out by prospective refugees of the earthquake and tsunami in Padang . Result of questionnaire has been used to build the House of Quality (HOQ). Furthermore, a SWOT analysis has been conducted to formulate a strategy for local government in an effort to empower mosques as shelters in Padang. This research has resulted 14 attributes of feasibility mosque as a shelter. Attributes divided into seven categories. Strategies that result based SWOT analysis have nine formulations that consists of two SO strategies, four WO strategies, two ST strategies, and one WT strategies. Implementation of this strategies required responsibility and cooperation between government, community, NGO, and leaders. Keywords: strategy, logistics, mosque, QFD, SWOT analysis AbstrakPantai barat pulau Sumatera merupakan salah satu potensi daerah gempa dan tsunami yang membutuhkan kewaspadaan tinggi dan kesiapan serius. Salah satunya adalah sistem logistik disiapkan bencana. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) telah membagi menjadi 10 kategori logistik termasuk tempat penampungan sementara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari atribut yang harus diperlukan untuk masjid sebagai tempat penampungan bagi korban gempa dan tsunami di Padang dan memberikan rekomendasi kepada Pemerintah Kota Padang untuk menyiapkan masjid sebagai tempat berlindung. Perumusan masjid atribut sebagai kelayakan penampungan telah diperoleh melalui kajian pustaka dan wawancara. Atribut telah dirumuskan dalam bentuk kuesioner yang diisi oleh calon pengungsi dari gempa dan tsunami di Padang. Hasil kuesioner telah digunakan untuk membangun Rumah Kualitas (HOQ). Selain itu, analisis SWOT telah dilakukan untuk merumuskan strategi bagi pemerintah daerah dalam upaya memberdayakan masjid sebagai tempat penampungan di Padang. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan 14 atribut kelayakan masjid sebagai tempat berlindung. Atribut dibagi menjadi tujuh kategori. Strategi yang hasil yang didasarkan analisis SWOT memiliki sembilan formulasi yang terdiri dari dua SO strategi, empat WO strategi, dua strategi ST, dan satu strategi WT. Pelaksanaan strategi ini diperlukan tanggung jawab dan kerjasama antara pemerintah, masyarakat, LSM, dan pemimpin.Kata Kunci : strategi, logistik, masjid, QFD, analisis SWOT


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Erlandson Ferreira SARAIVA ◽  
Leandro SAUER ◽  
Basílio De Bragança PEREIRA ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Bragança PEREIRA

In December of 2019, a new coronavirus was discovered in the city of Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization officially named this coronavirus as COVID-19. Since its discovery, the virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently one of the main health problems, causing an enormous social and economic burden. Due to this, there is a great interest in mathematical models capable of projecting the evolution of the disease in countries, states and/or cities. This interest is mainly due to the fact that the projections may help the government agents in making decisions in relation to the prevention of the disease. By using this argument, the health department of the city (HDC) of Campo Grande asked the UFMS for the development of a mathematical study to project the evolution of the disease in the city. In this paper, we describe a modeling procedure used to fit a piecewise growth model for the accumulated number of cases recorded in the city. From the fitted model, we estimate the date in which the pandemic peak is reached and project the number of patients who will need treatment in intensive care units. Weekly, was sent to HDC a technical report describing the main results.


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