scholarly journals Using the Neandertal and Denisova Genetic Data to Understand the Common MAPT 17q21 Inversion in Modern Humans

Human Biology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Setó-Salvia ◽  
Federico Sánchez-Quinto ◽  
Eudald Carbonell ◽  
Carlos Lorenzo ◽  
David Comas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
The Common

Electrophoretic evidence for the presence of the undescribed ‘Bellinger’ catfish (Tandanus sp.) (Teleostei : Plotosidae) in four New South Wales mid-northern coastal rivers

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Jerry ◽  
David J. Woodland
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Coastal Rivers ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
The Common

Genetic data were collected from eight allopatric populations of the common freshwater catfish, Tandanus tandanus. Catfish sampled from the New South Wales (NSW) mid-northern coastal rivers of the Bellinger, Macleay, Hastings and Manning exhibited fixed allelic differences from T. tandanus from the type locality (Namoi River) at four enzymatic loci (GPI-1*, EST*, UMB-1* and UMB-2*), suggesting that, collectively, catfish from these four river systems constitute an undescribed species of Tandanus. Catfish from the northern coastal rivers of NSW (Tweed, Richmond and Clarence) displayed a complex pattern of population structure that was not fully resolved by the present study. More work is needed on the complex assemblage of populations of eel-tailed catfish in the eastern coastal drainages of Australia.

scholarly journals The unidirectional phylogeny of Homo sapiens anchors the origin of modern humans in Eurasia

Hereditas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Úlfur Árnason
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Before Present ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Origin Of Modern Humans ◽  
The Common ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Mtdna Introgression

Abstract Background The Out of Africa hypothesis, OOAH, was challenged recently in an extended mtDNA analysis, PPA (Progressive Phylogenetic Analysis), that identified the African human populations as paraphyletic, a finding that contradicted the common OOAH understanding that Hss had originated in Africa and invaded Eurasia from there. The results were consistent with the molecular Out of Eurasia hypothesis, OOEH, and Eurasian palaeontology, a subject that has been largely disregarded in the discussion of OOAH. Results In the present study the mtDNA tree, a phylogeny based on maternal inheritance, was compared to the nuclear DNA tree of the paternally transmitted Y-chromosome haplotypes, Y-DNAs. The comparison showed full phylogenetic coherence between these two separate sets of data. The results were consistent with potentially four translocations of modern humans from Eurasia into Africa, the earliest taking place ≈ 250,000 years before present, YBP. The results were in accordance with the postulates behind OOEH at the same time as they lent no support to the OOAH. Conclusions The conformity between the mtDNA and Y-DNA phylogenies of Hss is consistent with the understanding that Eurasia was the donor and not the receiver in human evolution. The evolutionary problems related to OOAH became similarly exposed by the mtDNA introgression that took place from Hss into Neanderthals ≈ 500,000 YBP, a circumstance that demonstrated the early coexistence of the two lineages in Eurasia.

Hybridization and introgression between a rare and a common lady’s slipper orchid, Cypripedium candidum and C. parviflorum (Orchidaceae)

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1054-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Worley ◽  
Lauren Sawich ◽  
Habibollah Ghazvini ◽  
Bruce A. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Slipper Orchid ◽  
The Common ◽  
Genetic Profiles

Extinction through hybridization can threaten endangered species when hybrids are vigorous and fertile. We studied hybridization between the endangered small white lady’s slipper ( Cypripedium candidum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) and the common yellow lady’s slipper ( Cypripedium parviflorum Salisbury var. makasin (Farwell) Sheviak and C. parviflorum var. pubescens (Willdenow) O.W. Knight) in four Manitoban populations. We used 8 morphological characters and 1061 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci to characterize variation in 182 plants. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that morphology was highly predictive of genetic composition. Ordination analyses of morphological and genetic data, and Bayesian clustering analysis of the genetic data, all clearly distinguished the two parental species. The two varieties of C. parviflorum were morphologically divergent but occupied the same genetic cluster in both ordination and Bayesian analyses. Putative hybrids had considerable morphological overlap with parental species but were mostly genetically intermediate. Five of 79 individuals assigned to C. candidum and 15 of 71 individuals assigned to C. parviflorum had genetic profiles consistent with mixed ancestry. These results suggest that some introgression has occurred, but genetic assimilation of endangered C. candidum by the more common C. parviflorum does not seem imminent. The high local abundance of C. candidum may reduce its susceptibility to gene flow from C. parviflorum.

Exchanging Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Viveiros de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Human Culture ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nonhuman Species

Originally published in 2004 in the Common Knowledge symposium “Talking Peace with Gods,” this article elaborates the nature and consequences of the perspectivist cosmologies of Amerindian societies. Contemporary Western cosmologies regard humans as ex-animals who became differentiated from other nonhuman species through the acquisition of advanced cognitive capacities. Amerindian cultures, by contrast, regard animals as ex-humans who became differentiated from both modern humans and other animal species via a series of physical adaptations. Underneath these physical differences, both humans and nonhumans retain a shared human soul; what is more, each species perceives its own kind as human and all other kinds—including humans—as animals. Viveiros de Castro distinguishes this “perspectivism” from relativism: whereas Western relativism assumes multiple valid cultural models, Amerindian perspectivism holds that human and nonhuman species possess a common values system and cultural framework. While this commonality is ordinarily obscured by biologically grounded, perceptual differences, the gap in perspective may be bridged by shamans, whose gift of adopting nonhuman subjectivities enables them to see other species as they see themselves—namely, as humans partaking in human culture. Perspectivism influences both the practices that Amerindian peoples adopt toward nonhuman species and their attitudes toward other human groups, especially in the context of warfare. The Amerindian warrior’s capacity to overcome an enemy ultimately depends on a shaman-like entry into the subjectivity of another: rather than denying the personhood of his enemy, the Amerindian warrior must acknowledge the affinity between them.

scholarly journals An integrative taxonomic approach reveals Octopus insularis as the dominant species in the Veracruz Reef System (southwestern Gulf of Mexico)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto González-Gómez ◽  
Irene de los Angeles Barriga-Sosa ◽  
Ricardo Pliego-Cárdenas ◽  
Lourdes Jiménez-Badillo ◽  
Unai Markaida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Reef System ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Octopus ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

The common octopus of the Veracruz Reef System (VRS, southwestern Gulf of Mexico) has historically been considered as Octopus vulgaris, and yet, to date, no study including both morphological and genetic data has tested that assumption. To assess this matter, 52 octopuses were sampled in different reefs within the VRS to determine the taxonomic identity of this commercially valuable species using an integrative taxonomic approach through both morphological and genetic analyses. Morphological and genetic data confirmed that the common octopus of the VRS is not O. vulgaris and determined that it is, in fact, the recently described O. insularis. Morphological measurements, counts, indices, and other characteristics such as specific colour patterns, closely matched what had been reported for O. insularis in Brazil. In addition, sequences from cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (r16S) mitochondrial genes confirmed that the common octopus from the VRS is in the same highly supported clade as O. insularis from Brazil. Genetic distances of both mitochondrial genes as well as of cytochrome oxidase subunit III (COIII) and novel nuclear rhodopsin sequences for the species, also confirmed this finding (0–0.8%). We discuss our findings in the light of the recent reports of octopus species misidentifications involving the members of the ‘O. vulgaris species complex’ and underscore the need for more morphological studies regarding this group to properly address the management of these commercially valuable and similar taxa.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 transmission chains from genetic data: a Danish case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Bluhm ◽  
Matthias Christandl ◽  
Fulvio Gesmundo ◽  
Frederik Ravn Klausen ◽  
Laura Mančinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
The Common ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Opening Up

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus started in China in December 2019 and has since spread globally. Information about the spread of the virus in a country can inform the gradual reopening of a country and help to avoid a second wave of infections. Denmark is currently opening up after a lockdown in mid-March.MethodsWe perform a phylogenetic analysis of 742 publicly available Danish SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences and put them into context using sequences from other countries.ResultOur findings are consistent with several introductions of the virus to Denmark from independent sources. We identify several chains of mutations that occurred in Denmark and in at least one case find evidence that the virus spread from Denmark to other countries. A number of the mutations found in Denmark are non-synonymous, and in general there is a considerable variety of strains. The proportions of the most common haplotypes is stable after lockdown.ConclusionOur work shows how genetic data can be used to identify routes of introduction of a virus into a region and provide alternative means for verifying existing assumptions. For example, our analysis supports the hypothesis that the virus was brought to Denmark by skiers returning from Ischgl. On the other hand, we identify transmission chains suggesting that Denmark was part of a network of countries among which the virus was being transmitted; thus challenging the common narrative that Denmark only got infected from abroad. Our analysis does not indicate that the major haplotypes appearing in Denmark have a different degree of virality. Our methods can be applied to other countries, regions or even highly localised outbreaks. When used in real-time, we believe they can serve to identify transmission events and supplement traditional methods such as contact tracing.

Site fidelity and shallow genetic structure in the common smooth‐hound shark Mustelus mustelus confirmed by tag‐recapture and genetic data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana D. Klein ◽  
Tamaryn A. Asbury ◽  
Charlene da Silva ◽  
Kelvin L. Hull ◽  
Matthew L. Dicken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
The Common

2. Finding our place

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Bernard Wood
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Origins ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

When did the process of using reason to try and understand human origins begin, and how did it develop? When was the scientific method first applied to the study of human evolution? ‘Finding our place’ begins by reviewing the history of how first philosophers and then scientists came to realize that modern humans are part of the natural world. It then explains why, using advances in molecular biology, scientists think chimpanzees and bonobos are more closely related to modern humans than they are to gorillas, and why they think the common ancestor of the chimpanzee/bonobo and modern human clades lived between six and eight million years ago.

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