Intraspecific Host Preferences of Mopane Moths (Imbrasia belina) in Mopane (Colophospermum mopane) Woodland

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halszka Hrabar ◽  
Dawood Hattas ◽  
Johan T. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Host Preferences ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
Imbrasia Belina ◽  
Mopane Woodland

A lepidopteran (Imbrasia belina) might influence tree-grass balance of Colophospermum mopane savanna

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-513
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Duffy ◽  
Timothy G. O’Connor ◽  
Obiora C. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
Imbrasia Belina

scholarly journals A note on the sex ratio of Steenbok Raphicerus Campestris in TransvaaL Lowveld Mopane Colophospermum Mopane Woodland

Koedoe ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G Oates
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
Mopane Woodland

Field observations on steenbok in Transvaal Lowveld Mopane Woodland reveal a 1 : 1 sex ratio. This is corroborated by Held observations in the Kruger, Wankie and Kalahari Gemsbok National Parks.

Coping with herbivory at the juvenile stage: responses to defoliation and stem browsing in the African savanna tree Colophospermum mopane

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Hartnett ◽  
Jacqueline P. Ott ◽  
Kathryn Sebes ◽  
Marks K. Ditlhogo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Imbrasia Belina

Abstract:Responses of plants to herbivory are dependent on the type of damage and the ontogenetic stage of the plant. We compared the effects of stem pruning and defoliation on seedlings of Colophospermum mopane, an ecologically important tree species widely distributed in southern Africa. The growth of 160 greenhouse-grown juveniles were measured for 6-mo after germination and then 6-mo after treatments including 50% defoliation, 100% defoliation, 50% stem pruning and controls. Pruning resulted in 30% reductions in total leaf area, height and biomass. Partial defoliation resulted in 30% reductions in total leaf area and plant biomass. However, complete defoliation resulted in a 30% increase in biomass production, a doubling in leaf and lateral branch number, a 45% reduction in leaf size, and no change in total leaf area. Thus, completely defoliated seedlings showed greater performance than those that were only partially defoliated, indicating that C. mopane has become adapted to the chronic and severe defoliation inflicted by Imbrasia belina caterpillars. Comparison of our results with other studies indicates that C. mopane seedlings are less herbivory-tolerant than adults and that pruning has more negative effects than defoliation. Thus, seedling browsers may constrain recruitment in C. mopane, influencing its population dynamics and abundance.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the adaptation and distribution of Colophospermum mopane in southern Africa’s mopane savannas – A review

Bothalia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudzani A. Makhado ◽  
Isaac Mapaure ◽  
Martin J. Potgieter ◽  
Wilmien J. Luus-Powell ◽  
Amani T. Saidi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Mopane Woodland

Colophospermum mopane is the dominant tree or shrub within mopane woodland in the subtropical areas of southern Africa’s savanna ecosystems. This article provided a review on the adaptation capabilities of mopane against fire, browsing activity and environmental stresses. It further reviewed and tested the extent to which rainfall, temperature, altitude and soil types had an effect on the distribution of mopane in southern Africa. Mopane is adapted to survive moisture stresses, low nutrient environments and even disturbances caused by fire and browsing by large herbivores through its physical, physiological and chemical responses. Adaptation of mopane to various stresses enables it to dominate the low-lying areas of southern Africa’s savannas. The distribution of mopane is best associated with low to moderate rainfall (R2 = 0.38), high temperature (R2 = 0.42), low altitudes (R2 = 0.44) and a variety of soil types. An increase in the annual rainfall ( 800 mm) and altitude ( 800 m.a.s.l.), coupled with a reduction in the minimum temperature and acidic soil, limits the distribution of mopane. Mopane in South Africa occurs under similar environmental conditions to those in Zimbabwe and Zambia, but quite different from those in Angola, Namibia, Mozambique, Malawi and Botswana where mopane occurs.

scholarly journals Conversion of sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) bands into high-throughput DNA markers based on RAPD technique for detection of the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci in crucial plant hosts

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zouhar ◽  
M. Marek ◽  
O. Douda ◽  
J. Mazáková ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Ditylenchus Dipsaci ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Template Dna

<i>Ditylenchus dipsaci</i>, the stem nematode, is a migratory endoparasite of over 500 species of angiosperms. The main method of <i>D. dipsaci</i> control is crop rotation, but the presence of morphologically indistinguishable host races with different host preferences makes rotation generally ineffective. Therefore, a sensitive, rapid, reliable, as well as cost effective technique is needed for identification of <i>D. dipsaci</i> in biological samples. This study describes the development of species-specific pairs of PCR oligonucleotides for detection and identification of the <i>D. dipsaci</i> stem nematode in various plant hosts. Designed DIT-2 primer pair specifically amplified a fragment of 325 bp, while DIT-5 primer pair always produced a fragment of 245 bp in all <i>D. dipsaci</i> isolates. Two developed SCAR primer pairs were further tested using template DNA extracted from a collection of twelve healthy plant hosts; no amplification was however observed. The developed PCR protocol has proved to be quite sensitive and able to specifically detect <i>D. dipsaci</i> in artificially infested plant tissues.

On a new Temnocephala (Platyhelminthes) from Southern Patagonia (Chile, Argentina), with a redescription of T. chilensis and some systematic and biogeographical insights

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4852 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
RODRIGO PONCE DE LEÓN ◽  
ERICH H. RUDOLPH ◽  
ODILE VOLONTERIO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
A New Species

To date, only one species of Temnocephala is known from Chile, Temnocephala chilensis, and three from southern Argentina (Patagonia), namely T. chilensis, Temnocephala dionii, and Temnocephala mexicana. Here we describe a new species of Temnocephala and provide an updated description of T. chilensis based on material found on an anomuran crab (Aeglidae) from southern Chile. Additional hosts and localities are reported for both species in southern Argentina and Chile, and a diagnostic key for all species of Temnocephala hosted on Aegla and Parastacidae is included as well. In southern Chile, both T. chilensis and the new species were found on the crayfish Samastacus spinifrons and on the anomuran crabs Aegla abtao and Aegla alacalufi; in addition, the new species was found on Aegla manni, and T. chilensis on Aegla rostrata. In southern Argentina, T. chilensis and the new species were found on Aegla riolimayana and S. spinifrons. Based on their shared traits (morphology of the penial stylet, host preferences and geographic distribution), the temnocephalans hosted in Aegla are tentatively gathered into two clusters, the Chilensis and Axenos groups. 

scholarly journals The growing repertoire of genetic tools for dissecting chlamydial pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkaprabha Banerjee ◽  
David E Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Genetic Tools ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Species

Abstract Multiple species of obligate intracellular bacteria in the genus Chlamydia are important veterinary and/or human pathogens. These pathogens all share similar biphasic developmental cycles and transition between intracellular vegetative reticulate bodies and infectious elementary forms, but vary substantially in their host preferences and pathogenic potential. A lack of tools for genetic engineering of these organisms has long been an impediment to the study of their biology and pathogenesis. However, the refinement of approaches developed in C. trachomatis over the last ten years, and adaptation of some of these approaches to other Chlamydia spp. in just the last few years, has opened exciting new possibilities for studying this ubiquitous group of important pathogens.

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