scholarly journals Source of groundwater iron and manganese in Chandrapur district, central India

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Rahul Krishna Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Central India ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Groundwater Sampling ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Iron And Manganese

Groundwater sampling was carried out by grab sampling method from 36 sampling locations from the Chandrapur district in three seasons i.e. winter, summer, and post-monsoon. The samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metals i.e. iron and manganese. Data obtained from the study area was interpreted by using multivariate statistical analysis i.e. principal component analysis, cluster analysis, correlation matrix and one way ANOVA to ascertain source apportionment of these two heavy metals. The results of the multivariate analysis revealed that iron and manganese both were associated with the lithogenic source. Groundwater irons concentration was higher when compared with manganese and at a number of sampling locations it was above the stipulated standard of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) (0.3 mg/L).

Risk estimation and multivariate statistical analysis of the heavy metal content of drinking water samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 714-725
Author(s):  
Rajan Jakhu ◽  
Rohit Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Drinking water samples of Jaipur and Ajmer districts of Rajasthan, India, were collected and analyzed for the measurement of concentration of heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of the heavy metals in the drinking water. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for the determination of the heavy metal concentrations, and for the statistical analysis of the data, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed. It was observed from the results that with respect to WHO guidelines, the water samples of some locations exceeded the contamination levels for lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg), and with reference to the EPA guidelines, the samples were determined unsuitable for drinking because of high concentrations of Pb and Hg. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we determined that copper, manganese, arsenic, Se, and Hg were of anthropogenic origin, while Pb, copper, and cadmium were of geogenic origin. The present study reports the dominance of the anthropogenic contributions over geogenics in the studied area. The sources of the anthropogenic contaminants need to be investigated in a future study.

scholarly journals Assessment of Phenolic Compounds in the Surface Waters of Godavari Canal, Andhra Pradesh, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kumar ◽  
M Pacha
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board

The present study was intended to determine the concentrations of phenolic compounds in surface waters of Godavari canal by molecular spectrophotometry. Samples were collected from fifteen sampling stations using grab sampling method for a period of four months (from November to February) at 10 day intervals. Total phenols in water samples were determined using molecular spectrophotometry after distillation, complexation with 4-aminoantipyrine and extraction into chloroform. The concentration of phenolic compounds was reported in the range of 80-179 mg/lit, well within the limits considering the earlier reports in the literature and the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. Relatively higher levels of phenolic compounds (100-179 mg/lit) were reported in nine out of fifteen sampling locations. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the concentrations of phenolic compounds in the month of November with respect to January (at p = 0.05) and November with respect to February (at p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Analysis of Heavy Metal Distribution in Regional Sediments Batang Ayumi River Flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Fatma Suryani Harahap ◽  
Adi Syaputra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Test Result

The presence of heavy metals in waters can be sourced from mining, household, agricultural waste and industrial wastes. Some heavy metals are toxic such as Cu, Hg, and Pb can accumulate in aquatic sediments. Sediments that are contaminated with heavy metals will endanger the organisms that live in them. This research aims to identify the concentrations of heavy metals Cu, Hg, and Pb in sediments in the Batang Ayumi River. This research uses a descriptive exploratory method by conducting a survey in advance. Determination of sampling locations using purposive sampling method at four determined stations. This research uses an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data analysis was performed by comparing the test result data with the quality standards issued by the IADC / CEDA. The test results show that the concentration of Cu, Hg and Pb in the sediment has a value smaller than the target level value, so the substance in the sediment is not too dangerous for the environment.

scholarly journals Contents of Potentially Risk Elements in Natural and Reclaimed Soils of the Sokolov Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Štrudl Milan ◽  
Borůvka Luboš ◽  
Kozák Konstantin Dimitrovský and Josef
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Risk Elements ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Fourth Component ◽  
Reclaimed Soils

Anthropogenic soils are formed by human activities. The contents of potentially risk elements are one of the most important criteria of the exploitability of such soils for the agricultural production. The aim of this paper is to assess the contents of the selected potentially risk elements in 16 areas of the Sokolov region, including 5 reclaimed areas and 11 natural soils. 116 sampling locations were analysed in total. Another aim is to analyse the relationships between the elements, using multivariate statistical methods. The contents of the risk elements studied were in most cases under the limit values. In some cases, as with Pb, they were very low compared to the limit values. In the principal component analysis, four components explaining 74% of total variability were selected. The first component (30.2% of variability) showed strong correlations with Mn, V, Ni, and Cu contents. The second component (15.8% of variability) correlated with As and Be. The third component (14.3%) correlated with Pb and Cd. The fourth component (13.7%) correlated with Zn and Cr. The mean scores of each area were projected into the component plots, which enables the assessment of the relative importance of each group of elements in each particular area. The reclaimed and the natural soils are clearly distinguished. It can be concluded that the contents of the risk elements studied do not currently present any important problem in the reclaimed areas. Nevertheless, the situation should be further monitored.

The ecological risk assessment and suggestions on heavy metals in river sediments of Jinan

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2177-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Lijun Ren ◽  
Fengchao Jiao ◽  
Wenjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Heavy Metals Pollution

The concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni) in six river sediment samples were collected for evaluation of the degree of the heavy metals pollution distribution and ecological risk of three main rivers' sediments in Jinan. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the most common pollution sources. The results illustrated that all of the metals in Damatou and Xinfengzhuang sections of the Xiaoqing River were much higher than the background value, and the level of potential ecological risk index was very high. The remaining four sections had a low or moderate degree of ecological risk. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that all metals, with the exception of As, formed the first component explaining 86.85% of the total variance and industry sources could be considered as the first component, while As alone could be the second component, representing agricultural source. The elements Cr and Zn were grouped together while the remaining six metals formed a separate category. Among all heavy metals, Hg and Cd were the most significant contributors to the pollution. Therefore, the prevention of pollution should pay more attention to controlling the sources, especially Hg and Cd.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Agricultural Soils of Siling Reservoir Watershed in Zhejiang Province, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveedullah ◽  
Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi ◽  
Chunna Yu ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
Dechao Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Reservoir Watershed

Presence of heavy metals in agriculture soils above the permissible limit poses threats to public health. In this study, concentrations of seven metals were determined in agricultural soils from Yuhang county, Zhejiang, China. Multivariate statistical approaches were used to study the variation of metals in soils during summer and winter seasons. Contamination of soils was evaluated on the basis of enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and degree of contamination (Cdeg). Heavy metal concentrations were observed higher in winter as compared to summer season. Cr and Cd revealed random distribution with diverse correlations in both seasons. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed significant anthropogenic intrusions of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Cu in the soils. Enrichment factor revealed significant enrichment (EF>5) of Zn, Cd, and Pb, whereas geoaccumulation index and contamination factor exhibited moderate to high contamination for Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb. In light of the studied parameters, permissible limit to very high degree of contamination (Cdeg>16) was observed in both seasons.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water and Sediments at the Mid-Black Sea Region by Using Passive Sampling Method Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1086
Author(s):  
Arife Şimşek ◽  
Şule Sancak ◽  
Gülfem Bakan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Diffusive Gradients

Determining the potential bioavailability of heavy metals, evaluating according to adapted regulations is essential to efficiently conserve our coastal and estuarine waters. In this study, it is aimed to determine the industrial pollution and various other pollution sources that the Black Sea Basin is exposed to by using DGT (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) method and grab (manuel) sampling method in water and sediment and to evaluate the existing pollution according to quality standards. In Samsun, seasonal samples were collected from five different sampling stations, namely Akkiraz Stream, Hıdırellez Stream, Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ) Channel, Şabanoğlu Stream and Selyeri Stream, which are selected from Tekkeköy region where industry is intensively active. In order to determine the heavy metal content in both water and sediment samples, the DGT method was chosen for passive sampling and the grab sampling method was used for active sampling, and the efficiency of the methods was evaluated. According to the results of the study, the heavy metal concentration in grab sampling for water samples in descending order Al> Fe> Zn> Pb> Ni> Cu; In the samples taken with DGT, they are listed as Al> Fe> Zn> Cu> Ni> Pb. There were significant relationships between the total metal concentrations of sediment (Csed) and water (Csu) in grab sampling and metal concentrations sediment (Csed-DGT) and water (Csu-DGT) measured by DGT. It was found that the sensitivity and performance of sampling with DGT was 2-10 times higher compared to grab sampling. The high resolution in situ DGT technique for the assessment and management of the potential release risk of heavy metals at the water-sediment interface is a complementary method that contributes to the standard grab sampling method.

scholarly journals Contamination of Heavy Metals (Pb and Cu) at Tin Sea Mining Field and Its Impact to Marine Tourism and Fisheries

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Sudirman Adibrata ◽  
Muh. Yusuf ◽  
Irvani Irvani ◽  
Maulana Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Result Show

The dynamics of heavy metals (Pb and Cu) distribution near sea mining locations can show a negative impact on fisheries resource management. The study was conducted at the coastal area of Tanah Merah Beach, Central Bangka Regency, the geographical location at 02o12'50 "S and 106o13'00" E. This study aims to determine the extent of heavy metals (Pb and Cu) distribution adjacent sea mining field and its impact on marine tourism and fisheries. Purposive sampling method was used to identify the sampling locations from 13 closest locations to the farthest from marine mining sources. The result show that the closest and farthest Pb and Cu values from the tin mining activities were 0.16 mg.L-1; 0.03 mg.L-1 and 0.02 mg.L-1; <0.003 mg.L-1. The Hydro-oceanographic conditions from the highest to the lowest water currents of 0.03 m.s-1 - 0.001 m.s-1. This research represented the east monsoon, which showed that the heavy metal distributions dynamics are not too distance-reaching due to weak water currents, so that the dilution and sedimentation rate is slow. It is stated that the waters are polluted where the highest contamination value is indicated by the location closest to the source of marine mining and further weakened at the location farthest from the source of pollutants. Environmental impact from that activity has significantly threatened marine tourism and fishery activities by reducing economic benefits that given from marine and coastal environmental. Urgently, it is necessary to regulate like zoning tin mining activities and sites for the sustainable common purposes and prevent conflicts.

scholarly journals Multivariate statistical evaluation of dissolved heavy metals and a water quality assessment in the Lake Aha watershed, Southwest China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9660
Author(s):  
Shilin Gao ◽  
Zhuhong Wang ◽  
Qixin Wu ◽  
Jie Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Small Watersheds ◽  
Dissolved Heavy Metals ◽  
The Impact

Heavy metals are of public concern in aquatic ecosystems due to their growing release from industries and mining activities. This study investigated the sources, temporal-spatial distributions and water quality of dissolved heavy metals (Mn, Co, Al, Ni, Ba, V, Sb, Fe, Sr) in the Lake Aha watershed, an area under the influence of sewage and acid mining drainage. These heavy metals displayed significant spatial and temporal variabilities. The water quality index results (WQI values ranged from 3.21 to 15.64) and health risk assessment (all hazard indexes are below 1) indicated that dissolved heavy metals in this study pose a low risk for human health. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that Fe and Sr mainly presented a natural geological feature in the study area, and Mn, Co, Al and Ni were influenced by the acid coal mine drainage, whereas Ba, V and Sb were under the impact of local industrial or medical activities. This study provides new insights into the risk assessment of heavy metals in small watersheds.

Geochemical and multivariate assessment of water quality in the Rajarani Lake, Dhankuta, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Ramesh Raj Pant ◽  
Barsha Adhikari ◽  
Upendra Baral ◽  
Suraj Shrestha ◽  
Shristi Neupane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Major Anions ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The Himalayan freshwater lakes embody treasure of the country, crystal-clear nature of which offers water for drinking, irrigation and other domestic purposes, and provides shelter to numerous species, preserve aquatic biodiversity and habitat of the area. Freshwater lake is one of the major sources of livelihood amenities in Nepal and replenishes groundwater, positively influence the quality of downstream watercourses. In the present study, 20 water samples were collected from different points of Rajarani Lake, and analyzed for water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), oxygen-reduction potential (ORP), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO),total hardness (TH), major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+ and NH4+) and major anions (HCO3-, Cl-, NO3-, and PO43-). The acquired data were interpreted using multivariate statistical technique with principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) to evaluate controlling factors and characteristics of sampling locations in the lake.PCA results demonstrated major three factors contributing to water quality in lake with a 73.89% of cumulative variance. Similarly, CA results characterized sampling locations into four clusters indicating differentiation in the chemical concentrations. Results of the assessment through PCA, CA and comparison with other Himalayan lakes indicated that Rajarani Lake is not severely affected by pollution because it is still unexplored and thus pristine in nature. This study suggests that water quality of lake environments needs to be further investigated, focusing on depth-wise and temporal levels for its sustainability.

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