Impacts of Cattle, Deer, Small Mammals, and Drought on Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpaMichx.) Seedling Survival in Remnant Savannas in Central Nebraska

Joshua J. Granger; Steven J. Rothenberger; David S. Buckley; John M. Zobel

doi:10.3375/043.037.0109

Impacts of Cattle, Deer, Small Mammals, and Drought on Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpaMichx.) Seedling Survival in Remnant Savannas in Central Nebraska

Natural Areas Journal ◽

10.3375/043.037.0109 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 58-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joshua J. Granger ◽

Steven J. Rothenberger ◽

David S. Buckley ◽

John M. Zobel

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Bur Oak

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Scavenging and the ecology of fear: do animal carcasses create islands of risk on the landscape?

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2016-0268 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 229-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C.M. Steinbeiser ◽

C.A. Wawrzynowski ◽

X. Ramos ◽

Z.H. Olson

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Small Mammal ◽

Human Error ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Castor Canadensis ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Risk Effects ◽

Low Levels ◽

Perceived Predation Risk ◽

Predator Effects

Many vertebrate scavengers function as predators in ecosystems, suggesting that the presence of scavengers and occurrence of predator effects may be intertwined near carcasses. We tested for risk effects near a series of experimentally placed carcasses by measuring small-mammal foraging in a before–after control–impact design. Validation efforts revealed low levels of food loss from stations due to human error and invertebrate foraging, and habituation to stations occurred after 2 weeks. Increased perceived predation risk by small mammals relative to controls occurred in three of seven trials. The effect was observed across tested carcass types (beaver, Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820; white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) and seasons (summer and fall). However, small mammals also increased foraging relative to controls in two of seven trials, and foraging reached a ceiling in two other trials that prevented inference on a response. Taken together, our results suggest that scavenger recruitment to carcasses can in some instances create islands of risk for prey on the landscape, but the effect is not likely to be universal. Where small-mammal foraging does decrease, further work will be necessary to determine if risk effects cascade to adjacent trophic levels through enhanced seed and seedling survival.

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The seedling survivorship and growth of three Shorea species in a Malaysian tropical rain forest

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400004879 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 469-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

I. M. Turner

Keyword(s):

Small Mammals ◽

Small Mammal ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Seedling Survival ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

First Year ◽

Forest Reserve ◽

Seedling Survivorship ◽

Shorea Species ◽

Better Than

ABSTRACTThere was fruiting of the dipterocarps of Pantai Aceh Forest Reserve, Penang, Peninsular Malaysia in September 1986. The opportunity was taken to investigate the establishment and seedling survival of Shorea curtisii, Shorea multiflora and Shorea pauciflora over the subsequent year. The germination and seedling survival of Shorea curtisii was compared between canopy gaps and forest understorey sites.Under the shaded conditions none of the species grew beyond the two leaf stage over their first year. Shorea multiflora seedlings suffered a 72% mortality, significantly lower than that of Shorea pauciflora (89%) and Shorea curtisii (93%). The major cause of mortality appeared to be drought, though Shorea curtisii was also prone to predation by small mammals.In a gap, Shorea curtisii seeds probably germinated less well but seedling survival (28% versus 7%) and growth was better than canopy-shaded conspecifics. Seedlings in gaps escaped small mammal predation.

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