scholarly journals The Effect of Controlled Burns on Abundance of Woody Species in Appalachian Pine-Oak Forests at Buck Mountain, West Virginia

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
B.E. Edgar ◽  
H.P. Griscom
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Controlled Burns ◽  
Mountain West

A Vested Interest: Activist Anthropology in the Mountaintop Removal Debate

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Samuel Cook
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Vested Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountaintop Removal ◽  
Removal Method ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Activist Anthropology ◽  
Mountain West

"I want you to think about something that means so much to you—that you love so much—that you would give your life for it," said Larry Gibson as he addressed a group of students from my Appalachian Communities class visiting the remnants of his ancestral farm on Kayford Mountain, West Virginia. Most of my students had never given this question much thought. On the other hand, the majority of them (most of whom came from the urban Northeast) had never heard of the mountaintop removal method of surface mining until taking my class.

scholarly journals Abiotic Factors Influencing Deer Browsing in West Virginia

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler A. Campbell ◽  
Benjamin R. Laseter ◽  
W. Mark Ford ◽  
Richard H. Odom ◽  
Karl V. Miller
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Surface Shape ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Deer Browsing ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Central Appalachians ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Forested Ecosystem

Abstract We present a comparison of woody browse availability and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use among clearcut interiors, skidder trail edges, and mature forest and an evaluation of the relative importance of aboitic factors in predicting browsing pressure within regenerating clearcuts in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. We sampled 810 1-m2 plots in or adjacent to nine regenerating clearcuts (8–19 ha) during the summer of 2001. Availability and use of woody browse did not differ between clearcut interior and skidder trail plots for any species observed. Plots in the adjacent mature forest had less woody browse availability and higher utilization. Overall use of available woody browse in clearcuts was >15%. Combining all woody species, elevation (wI = 0.618) and distance to mature forest (wI = 0.379) were more important than landform index, plot surface shape, aspect, and slope in predicting deer browsing pressure in regenerating clearcuts. We believe that without management activities aimed at reducing deer browsing, in many parts of this region the ability of forest managers to regenerate stands will be jeopardized and the forested ecosystem will be compromised.

LEAF EXPANSION OF THE DOMINANT WOODY SPECIES OF THREE DECIDUOUS OAK FORESTS IN NANJING, EAST CHINA

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
ZHU Xu-Bin LIU Ya-Mei and SUN Shu-Cun* ◽  
◽  
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Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
East China ◽  
Oak Forests

scholarly journals First Report of Phytophthora europaea in Oak Forests in the Eastern and North-Central United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Balci ◽  
S. Balci ◽  
J. Eggers ◽  
W. L. MacDonald ◽  
J. Juzwik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
North Central ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Length Width

In 2003 and 2004, soils in oak forest ecosystems in nine central and eastern states of the United States were surveyed for Phytophthora spp. Soil samples were collected around healthy and symptomatic trees. Symptoms included dieback of branches, gaps in lateral branch systems, yellowing of foliage, wilting and clustering of leaves, and the presence of epicormic shoots. Soil subsamples were collected in each of the four cardinal directions and at a distance of 1 to 2 m from the base of a tree. The four subsamples were bulked to produce a sample of approximately 2,000 ml. In the laboratory, each sample was mixed thoroughly and a single 250-g subsample was flooded with 500 ml of distilled water and baited with Quercus robur leaflets for 3 to 5 days at 17 to 20°C. Discolored leaflets were examined microscopically (×200) and those with sporangia typical of Phytophthora spp. were plated on PARPNH selective medium (1). Phytophthora europaea was recovered from soil samples collected from Q. alba in West Virginia, Q. rubra in Minnesota, West Virginia, and Wisconsin, Q. phellos in Ohio, and Q. velutina in Pennsylvania. Cultures were identified as P. europaea by their morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics (4). Average dimensions of nine isolates were determined. Oogonia were 40 ± 3.9 μm in diameter and often had few bullet protuberances and tapered bases; oospores mostly filled the oogonia and averaged 36 ± 3.7 μm; sporangia dimensions averaged 42 ± 6.1 × 30 ± 4.1 μm with a length/width ratio of 1:4. Isolates produced larger oogonia and oospores but had similar sporangia length/width ratios comparable to the species description (4). Growth optimum (5.8 to 6.9 mm day-1) on V8 juice agar (V8A) occurred at 25°C. On potato dextrose agar, colonies produced dense, felt-like mycelia, often with a central mound of aerial hyphae. DNA also was extracted from eight representative isolates and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA from each isolate was amplified and sequenced. ITS sequences were identical to those of P. europaea in the NCBI GenBank database (Accession No. DQ313222). Pathogenicity of six isolates (one from each site) was confirmed by wounding stems of 2-year-old Q. alba, Q. rubra, and Q. velutina seedlings and inoculating wounds with V8A plugs (6 mm) containing mycelia; V8A plugs without mycelia were used for controls. Two months after inoculation, P. europaea was reisolated on PARPNH medium from advancing lesions on all inoculated seedlings but was not isolated from control plants. Mean lesion lengths on seedlings inoculated with P. europaea were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those on control plants; lesions averaged 0.46 cm on Q. alba, 1.38 cm on Q. rubra, and 1.01 cm on Q. velutina. Previously, P. europaea only was reported from oak trees and soil in forests of Austria, France, and Germany (1–4). These findings extend the current distribution of P. europaea and raise questions about its origin and role in the health of oak forests in eastern and north-central United States. Q. alba, Q. phellos, Q. rubra, and Q. velutina are new host associations for P. europaea. References: (1) Y. Balci and E. Halmschlager. For. Pathol. 33:157, 2003. (2) E. Hansen and C. Delatour. Ann. Sci. For. 56:539, 1999. (3) G. Hartmann and R. Blank. Forst Holz. 57:539, 2002. (4) T. Jung et al. Mycol. Res. 106:397, 2002.

scholarly journals Effect of physiographic factors on woody species diversity in oak forests (case study: Sardasht forest -Iran)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
J Eshaghi Rad ◽  
A Motallebpour ◽  
A Alijanpour
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Woody Species Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Richness Index

Research on species diversity in different gradients of altitudes, aspect and slope is attempting to understand the interactions of vegetation and the non-living environment. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of altitude, slope and aspect variation on the woody species diversity in the Oak forests of Zagros (northern of Iran). 178 samples were taken by using of transect method with a fixed length of 50 m. Altitude, slope, aspect, woody species and diameter at breast height of all trees was recorded in each transect. Margalef richness index, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices and Shannon evenness index were calculated. The Means of the different diversity indices were compared with Kruskal- Wallis test. Results showed that altitude had significant impact on the diversity, richness and evenness of woody species and the middle elevation class (1400 - 1600 m) allocated maximum values of indices. Also, the highest species richness was observed in the (0 - 20%) and (20 - 40%) slope classes but the slope hadn’t effected on the woody species evenness and diversity. The lowest amount of species richness was observed in the east aspect than other aspects. In general, it can be concluded that the altitude had a large proportion of diversity variation than slope and aspect in the research area.J. bio-sci. 23: 19-27, 2015

Response of woody species to different fire frequencies in semiarid rangelands of central Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel V. Peláez ◽  
Romina J. Andrioli ◽  
Omar R. Elia ◽  
Eliana E. Bontti ◽  
María A. Tomas
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Managerial Implication ◽  
Central Argentina ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Controlled Burns ◽  
The Individual

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of different controlled fire frequencies on cover, density and mortality of the most common woody species in semiarid rangelands of the Caldenal district of central Argentina over a 20-year period. The study comprised three fire treatments: (1) high fire frequency (controlled burns every 3–4 years; HFF); (2) low fire frequency (controlled burns every 8 years; LFF); and (3) unburned control. Repeated burns of moderate intensity, regardless of frequency, reduced the cover and the individual height and canopy area of the most common woody species. Their density was barely affected and the mortality rates were negligible with woody species producing new sprouts after each burn. The woody species under study had a similar response to the high- and low fire frequency treatments. A controlled burn every 3–4 years, permitted the control of woody species cover, height and canopy area, which in turn may favour the production of desirable perennial grasses. The important managerial implication is that the repeated use of controlled fires of moderate intensities in the autumn, given appropriate grazing management, is likely to be essential to maintain these rangelands.

scholarly journals Regeneration Dynamics and Development of Seedlings in Sessile Oak Forests in Relation to the Light Availability and Competing Vegetation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Branko Kanjevac ◽  
Milun Krstić ◽  
Violeta Babić ◽  
Zoran Govedar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Competing Vegetation ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Natural regeneration of sessile oak forests is a complex process whose final outcome is influenced by numerous factors. The initial phase of development of sessile oak seedlings stands out as the most critical period in the process of natural regeneration of sessile oak forests. As the available light and competition from the accompanying woody species and ground vegetation are some of the main predictors of the success of sessile oak forest regeneration, this paper presents the results of studying the influence of these factors on the regeneration dynamics and development of sessile oak seedlings. The research was conducted in sessile oak forests in northeastern Serbia in the period from 2015 to 2020. At the end of the growing season each year, the following data were collected on 180 smaller sampling plots of 1 m2 in different conditions of canopy openness: the number, height, and root collar diameter of sessile oak seedlings. Also, the percent cover of competing woody species and ground vegetation was estimated on these sample plots. The obtained results indicated that the success of sessile oak forest regeneration largely depends on the initial number of sessile oak seedlings and silvicultural treatments during the rejuvenation period, which determine the microclimatic conditions in the stand and control the competing vegetation. They also indicate that with an increase in the available light, the impact of the competing vegetation on the dynamics of regeneration and development of sessile oak seedlings is less pronounced. Accordingly, as young sessile oak seedlings need a large amount of light for survival and development, it is necessary to increase the available amount of light intensively in a short period of time (six–eight years) by reducing canopy openness and thus providing optimal conditions in which sessile oak seedlings can gain an advantage over the competing vegetation.

Plant Ecology of Spruce Mountain, West Virginia

Ecology ◽  
1929 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl L. Core
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Mountain West
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