Stand Dynamics of an Old-Growth Eastern Hemlock-Hardwood Forest in West Virginia

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Beane ◽  
Eric Heitzman ◽  
Thomas M. Schuler
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Old Growth

Pedodiversity in an old-growth northern hardwood forest in the Huron Mountains, Upper Peninsula, Michigan

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Scharenbroch ◽  
J.G. Bockheim
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Northern Hardwood

We investigated three primary causes of old-growth forest pedodiversity imposed by top-down trophic interactions, including pit and mound topography from past tree fall events, current canopy gaps from tree falls, and the influence of individual tree species on soil properties and processes. In this paper, we discuss the effects of pits, mounds, gaps, and individual tree species on pedodiversity in a single soil map unit in an old-growth northern hardwood forest. Pits and level areas had significantly greater soil organic matter, cation-exchange capacity, and exchangeable K and Ca contents than mounds. Gap subplots had significantly less cation-exchange capacity, K, Mg, and Ca compared with level areas within the contiguous forest. Base cations (K, Mg, and Ca) were significantly greater under sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.) compared with eastern hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.). Extractable P was significantly greater under yellow birch ( Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) compared with eastern hemlock. We quantified pedodiversity in an old-growth northern hardwood forest stand and single soil map unit using principal components analyses, ArcGIS, and biodiversity indices. Our results suggest that pedodiversity should be considered in soil survey and forest management.

Long-term stand dynamics of old-growth mountain longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) woodlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy H. Hammond ◽  
J. Morgan Varner ◽  
Zhaofei Fan ◽  
John S. Kush
Keyword(s):  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Pinus Palustris ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Old Growth

Testing for stand dynamics effects on red spruce growth trends

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Van Deusen
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Usda Forest Service ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Insect Activity

Increment-core data for old-growth red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) were collected for dendrochonological purposes and compared with second-growth data obtained from USDA Forest Service inventory plots in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. The research objective was to test the hypothesis suggested by J. W. Hornbeck and R. B. Smith (1985, Can. J. For. Res. 15: 1199–1201) that red spruce show reduced growth in the Northeastern United States due to stand dynamics resulting from past logging and insect activity. A graphical approach and a modeling approach based on the Kalman filter were employed. The results indicate that the growth reduction is greater in second-growth stands and that the second-growth stands are converging to an old-growth condition. This supports the stand dynamics hypothesis for second-growth stands.

Rapid wood decay and nutrient mineralization in an old-growth bottomland hardwood forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 323-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Ricker ◽  
B. Graeme Lockaby ◽  
Gavin D. Blosser ◽  
William H. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood Forest ◽  
Bottomland Hardwood ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization

In-stream large woody debris loading and riparian forest seral stage associations in the southern Appalachian Mountains

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Hedman ◽  
David H. Van Lear ◽  
Wayne T. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Stream Systems

Large woody debris (LWD) is an important ecological component of mountain streams. However, the relation of LWD loading and riparian forest composition is poorly understood in the southern Appalachians. In this study, 500-m reaches of 11 riparian forest–stream systems representing a 300-year sere were inventoried and measured to obtain quantitative estimates and descriptions of in-stream LWD. Loading volumes ranged from 7.1 to 31.2 m3/100 m of stream, or between 3.6 and 13.2 kg/m2. LWD loadings were highly variable during midseral stages of plant community succession, primarily because of the wide range in loading of American chestnut (Castaneadentata (Marsh.) Borkh.). Loadings increased linearly in late-successional through old-growth systems over a 165-year interval. Eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carrière) and American chestnut were the most dominant carry-over LWD species in midsuccessional stream systems. Loading of eastern hemlock LWD increased from midsuccessional through old-growth stages as the species became dominant in the riparian forest. Without carry-over debris, LWD loadings would be extremely low in midsuccessional stream systems. American chestnut was a major component of LWD in midsuccessional stream systems, despite the fact that it has been unavailable for recruitment for decades.

Structural and compositional change in an old-growth eastern hemlock Tsuga canadensis forest, 1965–2004

2006 ◽  
Vol 231 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Weckel ◽  
John M. Tirpak ◽  
Chris Nagy ◽  
Rod Christie
Keyword(s):  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Compositional Change ◽  
Old Growth

scholarly journals Competition, Climate, and Size Effects on Radial Growth in an Old-Growth Hemlock Forest

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth W. Bigelow ◽  
James R. Runkle ◽  
Evan M. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Yellow Birch ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Climatic Indices

Research Highlights: We applied neighborhood and dendro-ecological methods in a stand with a 33-year record of forest dynamics, finding that growth will decrease for several species under predicted climate trends. Background and Objectives: Conventional tree-ring analysis removes the influence of competition and size on growth, precluding assessment of the relative influence of these factors. An old-growth eastern hemlock forest in east–central New York was mapped in 1978 and was measured at eight-year intervals since then. Our objective was to use these data to examine the influence of climate, neighborhood, and tree size on radial growth. Materials and Methods: We evaluated an array of climatic indices to find which ones had the strongest influence on radial growth from increment cores of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). We used the strongest climatic indices in combination with neighborhood and target-tree size information to create growth models for the three tree species. Results: Size accounted for 2% to 21% of observed growth; the shade-tolerant sugar maple and eastern hemlock grew fastest when large, but the mid-tolerant yellow birch grew fastest when small. Competition accounted for 9% to 21% of growth; conifers had a weaker competitive effect than deciduous trees, and eastern hemlock was less sensitive to competition than sugar maple and yellow birch. Climate accounted for only 2% of growth variation; eastern hemlock showed a positive response to warming climate trends, but yellow birch and sugar maple showed negative responses. Conclusions: Predicted climate trends are likely to result in decreased growth of sugar maple and yellow birch, and the sensitivity of these species to competition suggests the effect will be exacerbated when they grow in crowded conditions.

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