scholarly journals The lexical borrowing in Palestinian colloquial Arabic

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael F. M. Hijjo
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
The Gaza Strip

The paper aimed to determine the social factors responsible for the variable use of [g], [k] and the prestigious [ʔ] in the Colloquial Arabic of the Gaza Strip women. These variables are of interest because they each have one variant that coincides with al-Fussha Arabic; which is the standard /q/. Towards this end, a quantitative study was carried out to examine the frequency of each sound in the naturally occurring speech of a sample of eight female participants belonging to families, six of whom have migrated from the occupied Palestine in year of 1948 and the other two are citizens of the Gaza Strip, where [g] is socially dominant, to the Gaza city. The findings suggest that younger generation shift from [g] or [kshift to the prestigious form [ʔ] to show prestige in the society. Thus the variable use of the original sound [g] in Gaza city could be a language shift.

scholarly journals Livonian social networks and language shift

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-107
Author(s):  
Patrick O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Network Centrality ◽  
Network Strength ◽  
In The Beginning

This article presents a study of Livonian social networks in the beginning of the 20th century during a time of language shift. In this study, I examine whether the Livonian communities were experiencing a language shift irrespective of the population displacements during the two World Wars, which has often been given as the main reason for the Livonian language shift to Latvian. I apply the Network Strength Scale to examine if social network centrality played a role in the language shift. The study focuses on the Livonian villages of Vaid and Sīkrõg and social factors relevant to the mapping of the social network are taken from Edgar Vaalgamaa’s survey in 1935–1937. The results indicate that generational differences played a more important role than centrality in the social network in determining Latvian influence.Kokkuvõte. Patrick O’Rourke: Liivi keele sotsiaalsed võrgustikud ja keele vahetus. Artikkel tutvustab uurimust Kuramaa liivlaste sotsiaalsetest võrgustikest 20. sajandi esimesel poolel, kui keelevahetus liivi keelelt läti keelele oli juba alanud. Autor vaatleb, kuivõrd liivi kogukondades sõltus keelevahetus kahe maailmasõja aegsest elanikkonna deporteerimisest, mida on tavaliselt peetud keelevahetuse põhjuseks. Rakendatakse suhtlusvõrgustike tugevuse analüüsi, et selgitada, kas isiku keskne asend sotsiaalses võrgustikus oli keelevahetuse jaoks oluline. Uurimus keskendub liivi küladele Vaid ja Sīkrõg. Sotsiaalsete võrgustike kaardistamiseks on valitud olulised tegurid Edgar Vaalgamaa poolt aastatel 1935–1937 läbi viidud küsitluse põhjal. Tulemused näitavad, et läti keele mõju ulatus sõltub rohkem põlvkondlikest erinevustest kui isiku asendist sotsiaalses võrgustikus. Artikkel põhineb autori magistritööl, mis on kaitstud 2016. aastal Yorki Ülikoolis.Märksõnad: ajalooline lingvistika, sotsiolingvistika, sotsiaalsed võrgustikud, keelevahetus, liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Patrick O’Rourke: Līvõ kīel sotsiālizt võrgõd ja kīel vaidimi. Kēra tuņšlõb Kurāmō līvõd sotsiāliži võrgidi 20. āigastsadā ežmizõs pūolsõ, ku vȯļ irgõn līvõ kīel vaidimi lețkīelkõks. Kēratiji vaņțlõb, kui ulzõ ajjimi kōd mōilmasuodā āigal mȯjīz kīel vaidimiz līvõd kubgõņis. Sīe pierāst um kõlbātõd rovst võrgõd viššit analīz. Analīz abkõks um seļțõd, või se, ku rištīngõn um vȯnd sidāmi kūož sotsiālizt võrgõd sizāl, um vȯnd ka tǟdzi kīel vaidimiz āigal. Tuņšlimizõs amā jemīņ ātõ vaņțõltõd līvõd kilād Vaid ja Sīkrõg. Sotsiālizt võrgõd tǟtimiz pierāst um kȭlbatõd Edgar Vālgamō 1935.–1937. āigast tīedõd rovkizzimi. Tuņšlimi nägțõb, ku lețkīel mȯjjimi jemīņ um sidtõd sugkazāmõks, äbku rištīng kūožõks sotsiālizt võrgõd sizāl. Kēra alīzõks um kēratijiz magistõrtīe, mis um kaitstõd 2016. āigasts York Iļīzskūols.

scholarly journals Comparing Israeli attacks towards Gaza Strip before and after Palestine's accession to the ICC

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 282-296
Author(s):  
Said Aldahshan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
International Criminal Court ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
The Other ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Made In

In order to search for any changes in the number and type of Israeli attacks on the Gaza Strip after Palestine’s accession to the International Criminal Court, a statistical analysis was conducted comparing five years before joining from 2010 to 2014 versus five years after accession from 2015 to 2019. By relying on official statistics issued by the human rights centers, the comparison was made in 1- the numbers and types of the victims 2- The targets that these attacks hit, and the researcher found, that there was a significant decrease in the number of dead, from (2730) in the first period it decreased to (436) in the second period, In contrast to the number of wounded, which rose from (13948) to (22165) in the second period due to the Great Return March. When comparing the ratio of the dead to the wounded in each period, it was found that it was proportional to (51) wounded, for every (10) dead, which increased dramatically and became (508) wounded for every (10) killed. On the other hand, the number of hit targets from (59155) to (23,464). And the category of targeting cars and motorcycles from (1311) became only (4), which is a percentage closer to zero in this category. All of this confirms that Israel has changed the number and type of its attacks against the Gaza Strip, and the nature of the objectives it intended in both quality and quantity after Palestine joined ICC.

scholarly journals Ethical Challenges for Palestinian Social Workers During Corona Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Professional Interventions ◽  
E Mail

The aim of this study was to focus specifically on the ethical challenges of social workers’ practice their works in quarantine centers during corona pandemic. This study reports objective results for purposive sampling selected, (142) social workers in five governorates in the Gaza Strip-Palestine. After reviewing the literature, the researcher constructed a survey four question; two of which are open-ended while the other two are closed-ended. Social workers were recruited by e-mail in May 2020 after providing their consent. Results: The most important ethical challenges facing social workers in their work during the corona pandemic are: risk faced while moving in public transportations, poor prevention and safety measures for social workers such as sterilizers, masks and gloves. 67.6% of social workers responded that their institutions developed policy protocols to help them work safely during the Coved-19 while 75.4% of social workers responded that they had access to protection measures to make their communication safer with their clients. The most important way in which social workers were involved in their professional interventions with clients was: communicating with clients by phone or SMS, but also through social networks, or communicating directly with the need to observe social distancing.

scholarly journals Linguistic and social factors in Turkish-Dutch contact across generations

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesim Sevinc
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
Structural Levels

There are certain differences between Turkish as spoken in the Netherlands (NL-Turkish) and Turkish as spoken in Turkey (TR-Turkish). These differences concern issues of linguistic variation and change in immigrant communities and seem to be closely related to social, emotional and linguistic aspects of contact situations. Considering the fact that in a contact situation the social and linguistic relationships are crucial for the outcome of language change, this paper first examines the social values that three different generations give to the language and culture of their host and home communities; then, it discusses the linguistic consequences on the lexical and structural levels of NL-Turkish. The principal conclusion is that possible language shift in the third generation leads to intensive contact with Dutch language and culture, provokes the linguistic factors and, therefore, causes the lexical and structural changes in NL-Turkish.

Realization Patterns of Request Strategies in Sudanese Arabic and English

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Abdel Gadir Tag Eldin
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Indirect Requests ◽  
Request Strategies ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The Impact

<p>This study tried to identify the Sudanese university students’ preferences of request strategies. It explored the claim of the universality of the speech act’s three levels of directness i.e. direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventionally indirect. It contrasted and compared the subjects’ choice of strategies in Arabic and English languages. It also investigated the impact of some social factors on the subjects’ strategy choice. The data collected from the subjects showed that they used direct, conventionally indirect, and non-conventionally indirect requests when they responded to English and Arabic Discourse Completion Tests. This finding consolidated the universality claim of the three levels of directness. The data also showed that the subjects preferred to use direct requests more than the conventionally indirect ones and hints. The collectivist culture of the students’ society influenced their choice of direct strategies as it is based on solidarity, intimacy, etc. The results also showed that the different social variables i.e. the social distance between the interactants, the power one interlocutor has over the other, and the degree of request imposition had impact on the subjects’ choice of strategies. </p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong>:</strong> Pragmatics, Request Strategies, Speech acts, Sudanese university students, Sudanese Colloquial Arabic.</p>

scholarly journals (P1-77) Helping Children Cope with Ongoing Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s123-s123
Author(s):  
Y. Arbeli
Keyword(s):  
Gaza Strip ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Permanent Home ◽  
Forced Relocation ◽  
Health Risk Factor ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
External Causes

Stress is a major health risk factor. The origin of the stress or stressful situations might come from internal and/or external causes. In this presentation, two groups of Israeli children who are living under stressful conditions that are affecting their health, their daily functioning, and their learning abilities will be presented. The first group is a group of children living in a town that has experienced terrorist activities for many years. The other group is children from families that have to leave their permanent home due to the Israeli Parliamentary and governmental decision to withdraw from the Gaza Strip. This plan included forced relocation of approximately 8,000 civilians from their communities to temporary sites elsewhere in Israel, and the dismantling of their homes. Using the classical epidemiological triad model of host-agent-environment, the hazard dynamic and its outcomes will be presented. Activities to help the children cope with the stressful situations also will be presented. The objective of this presentation is to describe exposure to risk factors and responses from public health nurses that are aimed at ameliorating the associated negative heath effects.

Some Familial and Social Factors in Depressive Illness

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (486) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Munro
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Family History ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This article presents the results of a study in which a number of social, familial and demographic aspects of primary depressive illness were examined under carefully-controlled conditions. The following factors are particularly considered: 1.The size of the sibship in the depressive's family of upbringing;2.the ordinal position of the depressive in that sibship;3.the depressive's position in the sibship relative to the other sibs;4.the age of the parents at the time of the depressive individual's birth;5.the presence of a family history of severe mental illness;6.celibacy and marriage in depressive individuals;7.the fertility of depressives;8.the social class distribution of depressive illness.

Social Factors and Neurosis in a Working-Class Population

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (462) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Pond ◽  
A. Ryle ◽  
Madge Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
School Age ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Index ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Primary School Age

In the course of a study of families containing children of primary school age, we have collected detailed social and medical histories of the parents. In earlier papers (Ryle and Hamilton, 1962; Hamilton et al., 1962) based upon part of the population studied here, we have confirmed the reliability of the Cornell Medical Index (C.M.I.) as an indicator of neurosis. The aim of the present paper is to investigate whether social factors within a relatively homogeneous, largely working-class population, are related to neuroticism. While differences in the rate of neurosis between the social classes have often been described, interpretations of these differences are difficult because they may be due not only to variations in the rate of illness but also to differences in the mode of presentation, in symptomatology or in attitudes to medical treatment or to research enquiry. On the other hand, in studying a population such as ours, with small social class differences, the range of social factors available for measurement is reduced.

scholarly journals Who changes language? Bilingualism and structural change in Burma and the Reef Islands

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åshild Næss ◽  
Mathias Jenny
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Contact Language ◽  
Reef Islands ◽  
Contact Situation

AbstractIn this paper we discuss two cases of contact-induced language change where lexical and grammatical borrowing appear to have gone in opposite directions: one language has borrowed large amounts of vocabulary from another while at the same time being the source of structural borrowings into the other language. Furthermore, it appears in both cases that the structural borrowing has come about through bilingualism in L1 speakers of the source language, while L1 speakers of the language undergoing the structural change are largely monolingual. We propose that these two unusual factors are not unrelated, but that the latter is the cause of the former: Under circumstances where the numerically much smaller language in a contact situation is the contact language, the L2 speakers' variety, influenced by their L1, may spread into the monolingual community. e lexical borrowing naturally happens from the bilingual speakers' L2 into their L1, resulting in opposite directions of lexical and structural borrowing. Similar processes have been described in cases of language shift, but we show that it may take place even in situations where shift does not occur.

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