scholarly journals Green Chemistry: Comparison of Ionic Liquid vs Conventional Solvent for Indole Alkylation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Redrico ◽  
John Krstenansky
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Alkyl Halide ◽  
Sodium Hydride ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
Green Method

A comparison of the effectiveness of two synthetic methods was done for a green chemistry method using an ionic liquid-based solvent relative to a conventional method using organic solvents for the N-alkylation of indole. The green method used potassium hydroxide in the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, followed by addition of the alkyl halide. The conventional method used sodium hydride in dimethylformamide. Possible advantages of the green method would be the use of a non-volatile solvent, the possibility of recycling the solvent, and the use of a less reactive base. However, its reaction yield was lower than for the conventional method, the reagent expense was higher, and recycling and reuse of the ionic solvent require considerable amounts of conventional solvent to clean it up sufficiently for reuse. On a laboratory scale, the ionic liquid method yielded neither a “green” nor an efficiency advantage. It is possible that with optimization on an industrial scale involving solvent reclamation that the green method could realize its promise. KEYWORDS: Green Chemistry; Sustainable Chemistry; Ionic Liquids; N-alkylation; Indole; Solvent Recycling; Organic Chemistry; 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate; Synthesis

Role of Zeolites and Zeotypes in Green Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotsna S. Meshram ◽  
Devendra S. Raghuvanshi
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Chemical Waste ◽  
Specific Morphology

Abstract:: Now days, it is of utmost important to design synthetic methods; which can be utilized for the generation of substances that will minimize toxicity to health of human and the environment. The utilization of acid catalysts generates lots of corrosive and harmful wastes which has to be treated with appropriate alkalis. Hence, it generates lots of sludge and alarms environmental issues of its storage and disposal. Zeolites and Zeotypes; by virtue of their peculiar properties; such as specific morphology, porosity and residing acidity; attracting enormous attention as they replaces harmful acid catalysts efficiently and also reduces chemical waste in industrial process; Hence emerged as new plethora in the field of “Green Chemistry”.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Green Sustainable Chemical Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Hernández Fernández ◽  
Antonia Pérez de los Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Special Issue

Sustainable chemical process engineering results from applying the principles of green chemistry or sustainable chemistry to chemical process engineering [...]

scholarly journals Education in green chemistry and in sustainable chemistry: perspectives towards sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia G. Zuin ◽  
Ingo Eilks ◽  
Myriam Elschami ◽  
Klaus Kümmerer
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry

Central role of future professionals in chemistry to promote alternatives towards sustainability.

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Monolith Combining Imidazolium Ionic Liquid and POSS for Enhanced Extraction of Baicalin-Like Compounds in Scutellaria Baicalensis by means of In-Capillary SPME Followed by on-line LC and off-line LC-MS/MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Zhang ◽  
Le Gao ◽  
Liying Niu ◽  
Xiaodong Bi
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquid ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
On Line ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Monolith

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possess target-customized and range-adjustable selectivity, and hence have been attracting increasing efforts to develop new synthetic methods and new forms of applications. By wisely choosing functional...

scholarly journals GREEN SYNTHESIS OF PYRAZOLO [3,4]-PYRIMIDINE-THIONES USING IONIC LIQUID 2-METHYL-IMIDAZOLIUM-OXALATE AS POTENT EHRLICH ASCITES CARCINOMA RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
GANESH N YALLAPPA ◽  
NAGARAJA D ◽  
CHANDRASHEKHAR U
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Heterocyclic Molecules ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Ic50 Values

Objective: Pyrazolopyrimidines are heterocyclic molecules containing nitrogen as the main composition, and hence, they exhibit pharmacological efficacy. They are analogs of purines so that possessing wide applications in the field of medicinal chemistry. The main objective of this study is to synthesize different derivatives of pyrazole-pyrimidine classes by adopting simple methodology as well as by employing green chemistry. The purpose of the synthesis of these molecules is to study the antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines. Methods: After literature studies, it makes us to involve in the research of synthetic organic chemistry, especially to synthesize new compounds of pyrazolopyrimidines. We are reported solvent-free synthesis of pyrazolo [3,4-d]-pyrimidine-thiones through ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, thiourea, and different benzaldehydes. An ionic liquid 2-methyl-imidazolium-oxalate catalyzed the reactions under ultrasonication bath. Both conventional and ultrasonic methods were employed and comparison studies have been made. It was found that ultrasonic method completed the reaction quicker than the conventional method. All the synthesized compounds were confirmed their structures by 1HNMR, Fourier transform infrared, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis spectra. The compounds were tested for in vitro anticancer activity against EAC cell lines. Most compounds revealed significant anticancer activity relative to doxorubicin as a positive control with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Results: Ultrasonication method is a simple method under which all the reactions were completed at faster time (<7 min) compared to the convention method. Among eight molecules, 8a and 8d completed the reactions at a faster rate. We reported IC50 values of all the molecules, in which 8e and 8g were exhibited excellent potency against EAC cell lines at different concentrations . Conclusions: Ultrasonication method is an excellent method for the organic synthesis. We are herein reported that under this method, all the reactions are completed within 7 min. Hence, it is superior method than the conventional method. All synthesized molecules have shown good inhibitor potency against EAC cell lines. Among them, two molecules 8e and 8g have shown excellent inhibitor potency.

Verbesserte präparative Darstellung von Polyisopropyl- und Poly-tert-butylcyclopentadienen / Improved Preparation of Polyisopropyl- and -tert-butylcyclopentadienes

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckehard V. Dehmlow ◽  
Christof Bollmann
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Sodium Hydride ◽  
Aliquat 336 ◽  
Pt Catalysts ◽  
One Pot

Phase transfer catalytic isopropylation or tert-butylation of cyclopentadiene yields 1-6 in efficient one-pot procedures. Powdered potassium hydroxide or solid sodium hydride are the prefered bases, Aliquat 336 or dibenzo-18-crown-6 are the PT catalysts.

Green Method for the Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones through Ionic Liquid Promoted Directed Annulation of 5-(Aryloxy)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes in Aqueous Media

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li ◽  
Chenjiang Liu ◽  
Yonghong Zhang ◽  
Yadong Sun ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Green Method

Reactions of tert-Butyl Peroxy Esters, XIV. Further Observations on the Preparation of Dialkyl tert-Butylperoxy Phosphates

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 732-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sosnovsky ◽  
E. H. Zaret
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Sodium Hydride ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Aqueous Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Butyl Peroxide

The preparation of dialkyl tert-butylperoxy phosphates (2, R = alkyl) has been achieved by the reaction of the corresponding dialkyl phosphorochloridates (1, R = alkyl) with tert-butyl hydroperoxide either in the presence of pyridine or in the presence of aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. Neither of these routes is suitable for the preparation of dialkyl tert-butylperoxy phosphates in quantity since they yield peroxyphosphates which are contaminated either with the corresponding tetraalkyl pyrophosphates or dialkyl phosphates; the contaminants cannot easily be removed by conventional means from the peroxyphosphates. The method of choice for the preparation in high yield of large quantities of pure dialkyl tert-butylperoxy phosphates involves the interaction of the corresponding dialkyl phosphorochloridate with sodium tert-butyl peroxide which has been prepared in situ from the reaction of tert-butyl hydroperoxide with sodium hydride.

scholarly journals Bismuth as Smart Material and Its Application in the Ninth Principle of Sustainable Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ayodele Temidayo Odularu
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Low Toxicity

This paper reports an overview of Green Chemistry and the concept of its twelve principles. This study focusses on the ninth principle of Green Chemistry, that is, catalysis. A report on catalysis, in line with its definition, background, classification, properties, and applications, is provided. The study also entails a green element called bismuth. Bismuth’s low toxicity and low cost have made researchers focus on its wide applications in catalysis. It exhibits smartness in all the catalytic activities with the highest catalytic performance among other metals.

scholarly journals Chemometrics for Selection, Prediction, and Classification of Sustainable Solutions for Green Chemistry—A Review

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2055
Author(s):  
Marta Bystrzanowska ◽  
Marek Tobiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sustainable Chemistry ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Quantitative Structure Property Relationships ◽  
Multivariate Ranking ◽  
Selection Of

In this review, we present the applications of chemometric techniques for green and sustainable chemistry. The techniques, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis, artificial neural networks, and multivariate ranking techniques, are applied for dealing with missing data, grouping or classification purposes, selection of green material, or processes. The areas of application are mainly finding sustainable solutions in terms of solvents, reagents, processes, or conditions of processes. Another important area is filling the data gaps in datasets to more fully characterize sustainable options. It is significant as many experiments are avoided, and the results are obtained with good approximation. Multivariate statistics are tools that support the application of quantitative structure–property relationships, a widely applied technique in green chemistry.

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