scholarly journals Impaired Spatial Learning and Reduced MK-801 Associated Behavioral Deficits in Rodents Following Early Postnatal Exposure to Low-level Lead

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Guo
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Probe Trial ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Lead Carbonate ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Low Level

The current research aimed to investigate the effects of early postnatal exposure to low-level lead on the spatial learning of Long-Evans Hooded rats tested in the Morris water maze. To explore possible neurotoxic actions of lead on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydroxy-5h- dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801) was used. Two-day-old pups were randomly assigned to 0.1% lead carbonate diet or control diet and weaned onto regular food on postnatal day (PND) 23. Spatial acquisition was assessed from PND 24 to PND 27. Thirty minutes prior to behavioral testing, rats received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.1% MK-801 or saline. In the saline treatment group, Pb-exposed rats exhibited significantly longer overall mean escape latencies than those on the control diet, replicating the impaired spatial learning of Pb-exposed animals tested at a young age. Although MK-801 injection severely impaired animals’ water maze performance regardless of diet, it affected the performance of Pb-exposed animals to a lesser extent than animals on the control diet. No main effects of diet and drug were found for probe trials on PND 28 and PND 36, but interestingly, lead diet/MK-801 animals performed significantly better than control diet/MK-801 animals during the first probe trial. Unfortunately, MK-801 not only caused animals to display higher activity levels in the activity box, but also significantly impaired animals’ performance in the cued trial, suggesting non-specific sensorimotor deficits induced by MK-801 treatment might be responsible for animals’ poor performance. However, a significant drug by diet interaction in the escape latencies and the significantly better probe trial performance of Pb-exposed animals within the MK-801 treatment group imply that lead exposure actually alleviated behavioral deficits induced by MK-801 injection, providing evidence for a possible interaction between lead and MK-801 at the molecular level.

Intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the H-89-induced spatial learning deficits in Morris water maze

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hashemzaei ◽  
Najmeh Baratzadeh ◽  
Iraj Sharamian ◽  
Sahar Fanoudi ◽  
Mehdi Sanati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task

Abstract Objectives H-89 (a protein kinase AII [PKA II] inhibitor) impairs the spatial memory in the Morris water maze task in rats. In the present study, we aimed to study the protective effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine against H-89-induced spatial memory deficits. Methods Spatial memory impairment was induced by the bilateral intrahippocampal administration of 10 µM H-89 (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) to rats. The rats then received bilateral administrations of either nicotine (1 μg/μL, dissolved in saline) or O-acetyl-L-carnitine (100 μM/side, dissolved in deionized water) alone and in combination. Control groups received either saline, deionized water, or DMSO. Results The H-89-treated animals showed significant increases in the time and distance travelled to find hidden platforms, and there was also a significant decrease in the time spent in the target quadrant compared to DMSO-treated animals. Nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine had no significant effects on H-89-induced spatial learning impairments alone, but the bilateral intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevented H-89-induced spatial learning deficits and increased the time spent in the target quadrant in comparison with H-89-treated animals. Conclusions Our results indicated the potential synergistic effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine in preventing protein kinase AII inhibitor (H-89)-induced spatial learning impairments.

Evaluation of potential antiamnesic activities of aqueous extract of Vitex trifolia leaves against scopolamine induced amnesia and in normal rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amberkar Vittal Rao Mohanbabu ◽  
Meena Kumari Kamal Kishore ◽  
Bangalore Revanna Chandrashekar ◽  
Hoskeri Dakappa Pradeepa ◽  
Rockson Christopher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Probe Trial ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Localization Task ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Enhancing

AbstractThe goal of this study was to evaluate the cerebroprotective and cognition-enhancing activities of the aqueousReference or working memory and long-term memory in rodents were tested by experimental paradigms like passive avoidance (PA) and T-maze (TM), respectively. TM and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to screen putative spatial or localization task and the navigation memory-enhancing activities ofThe higher dose (20 mg/kg) of plant extract exhibited significant (p<0.01) antiamnesic activity in the PA and TM models vs. the control. In the MWM test, at probe trial,These results partly substantiate the traditional use of

scholarly journals Interactive involvement of hippocampal cAMP/PKA and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathways in spatial learning in the Morris water maze

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Tabrizian ◽  
Mahmoud Hashemzaei ◽  
Ali Akbar Nasiri ◽  
Sheyda Najafi ◽  
Fatemeh Amelinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2

Peanut Skins as a Natural Antimicrobial Feed Additive to Reduce the Transmission of Salmonella in Poultry Meat Produced for Human Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Redhead ◽  
Fur Fatin Inazlina Noor Azman ◽  
Anis Izzaty Nasaruddin ◽  
Thien Vu ◽  
Fernanda Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Peanut Skin ◽  
Peanut Skins

Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans. Thus, the development of strategies to control bacterial pathogens in poultry is essential. Peanut skins, a considerable waste by-product of the peanut industry is discarded and of little economic value. However, peanut skins contain polyphenolic compounds identified that have antimicrobial properties. Hence, we aim to investigate the use of peanut skins as an antibacterial feed additive in the diets of broilers to prevent the proliferation of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). One hundred sixty male hatchlings (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to, (1) PS: peanut skin diet without SE inoculation (2) PSSE: peanut skin diet and SE inoculation 3) CON: control diet without SE inoculation (4) CONSE: control diet with SE inoculation. Feed intake and body weights were determined at week 0 and 5. On days 10 and 24 post hatch, 3 birds/pen (24 total) from each treatment group were euthanized and the liver, spleen, small intestine, and ceca were collected. The weights of the liver, spleen and ceca were recorded. Organ invasion was determined by counting SE colonies. Each pen served as an experimental unit and was analyzed using a t-test. Performance data was analyzed in a completely randomized design using a general linear mixed model to evaluate differences. There were no significant differences ( P &gt; 0.05) in weekly average pen body weight, total feed consumption, bird weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the treatment groups. There were no significant differences in SE CFU/g for fecal, litter or feed between treatment groups CONSE and PSSE. However, for both fecal and litter, the PSSE treatment group tended (P ≤0.1) to have a lower Salmonella CFU/g compared to the CONSE treatment group. The results indicate that peanut skins may have potential application as an antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the transmission or proliferation of SE in poultry environments or flocks.

Spatial learning of the water maze: Progression of brain circuits mapped with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Conejo ◽  
H. González-Pardo ◽  
F. Gonzalez-Lima ◽  
J.L. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Brain Circuits
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