scholarly journals NARRATIVES OF THE “OTHER” IN TIMES OF WORLDVIEW WARS: TRUE FACE, MASKED FACE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Slukhaii
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Typical Function ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Logical Semantic ◽  
Linguistic Means

Modern day worldview wars are distinguished by the extraordinary role that information and its suppliers play in building perceptions of war events, whether real, falsified or invented. The paper analyses the means by which modern pro-Russian media try to reach their targets in the hybrid/information war. The following narratives are specially noted as defining the current stage of the worldview war against Ukraine: narratives intending to humiliate the dignity of Ukrainian language speakers and the national idea, intending to raise malice and chagrin in speakers, intending to confuse and disorient, intending to involve into pre-meditated ideologems. As concerns linguistic means of recipient disorientation, the following are noted: simulacra, metonymies, resources of semantic-grammatical and semantic modality, logical, semantic and formal hybrids (chimeras), quotation marks and their verbal expression (the “so-called”), resources of sacral language, linguistic mind games, rhetorical questions. Receiver’s confusion is achieved by using linguistic means in a non-typical function, whereby the most common are simulacra, metonymies and the semantic-grammatical modality, and the most effective ones are hybrids of several kinds and mind games. The paper’s conclusion is that ideological tenets of old and new times presented in pro-Russian media in all their linguistic and semiotic variety are imprinted with means which are but missiles for a suggestive, non-rationally-controlled introduction and promotion of pro-Kremlin narratives.

scholarly journals Sarcastic evaluation in mass media as a way of discrediting a person: Greta Thunberg case

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Mikhailovna Konyaeva ◽  
Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Samsonova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is devoted to the analysis of a sarcastic evaluation of a person, which leads to their discrediting in media texts. Sarcastic evaluation is considered in terms of linguistic praxeology: the language and compositional means of nomination, description, and actions are analyzed. In a media text, these means interact with the means of expressing the category of deviance and forming semantic nodes. The category of deviance can manifest itself, on the one hand, in exuberance or the absurd, while on the other, in simplification or insufficiency of the sign revelation. Also, specific sarcastic speech techniques are identified. They are based on the discrepancy of referent and illocutionary meanings in the person’s speech portrait. The study of Russian media discourse about Swedish eco-activist Greta Thunberg revealed the active use of linguistic means expressing sarcastic evaluation to demonstrate the opposing viewpoint in relation to the transmitted semantic position of “Other”. When the media represents Greta in the totality of her disadvantages, this enters into a polemic against those who support the ideas of this person. With the help of sarcasm, the media shows the absurdness and failure of these ideas. In this case, a sarcastic evaluation becomes an instrument of discrediting not only the person him/herself, but also his/her views and associates. Linguistic means of sarcastic evaluation are widely represented in discrediting media texts. The most important of them are means such as absurdity, hyperbole, alogism, simplification, etc.

Solving Syllogisms as Abstract Pattern Recognition and Completion, Based on Linguistic Cues for Logical Semantic Features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Faiciuc
Keyword(s):  
Order Effects ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Completion Process ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Format Effects ◽  
Logical Semantics ◽  
Logical Semantic

The presented empirical research is based on a new model for the categorical syllogisms, described and partially tested elsewhere. This model assumes that deriving a conclusion involves a pattern completion process, similar to the completion of perceptual patterns. Specifically, inferring a conclusion would require the generation of the missing part of an abstract pattern of logical semantic features. This pattern is named schema, because it is organized around a particular argumentative goal. Such a schema emerges through the frequent contact with a corresponding class of argumentative experiences. As, presumably, the usual pragmatic argumentative contexts imply predominantly valid syllogisms, pragmatic syllogistic schemas would emerge mainly for them. These pragmatic schemas for the valid syllogisms are supposed to be based on a particular mixed semantics of their syllogistic judgments, including both intensional (class-property) and extensional (subclass-class) relationships. The recognition of these schemas can be influenced by the linguistic cues of the verbal expression of the syllogisms. To test this particular prediction, the linguistic format of a set of 24 abstract categorical syllogisms (12 valid, 12 invalid) was varied. The linguistic cues of the L format task would favor the recognition of the logical features of the assumed syllogistic schemas with a mixed logical semantics of the valid syllogisms. The N format task, with no explicit linguistic cues for those logical features, would hinder the recognition of the above-mentioned schemas for the valid syllogisms. The administration order of the two tasks was also varied. The study included 192 university students. The data supported considerably the expected format effects on the correctness of the chosen answers for the valid syllogisms (with higher performances for the L format) in the relevant between-subjects and within-subjects comparisons, and some of the predicted order effects. Mental models theory cannot explain the obtained results.

scholarly journals Rhetorical questions as aggressive, friendly or sarcastic/ironical questions with imposed answers

ExELL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Džemal Špago
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rhetorical Questions

AbstractRhetorical questions (RQs), as a cross-breed of questions and statements, represent an effective tool in putting forward the Speaker’s ideas, as well as influencing the ideas and opinions of other people. Because of their communicative effectiveness and multifunctionality, they are frequently used in different contexts and for different purposes, and, as such, they represent an interesting topic for further research. The aim of this paper is threefold: (i) to explore the nature of the implied answer to RQs, (ii) to offer a classification of RQs based on the Speaker’s communication style, and (iii) to examine whether (or to what extent) the Speaker-Addressee relationship (peer-to-peer, superior-to-inferior, inferior-to-superior) influences the selection and frequency of use of different types of RQs. Using Stalnaker’s (2002) model of Common Ground and Caponigro and Sprouse’s (2007) concepts of Speaker’s and Addressee’s Beliefs, the author redefines the nature of the answers implied by RQs, claiming that they are imposed on the Addressee rather than mutually recognized as obvious. Based on the model of communication styles as defined by Yuan et al. (2018), RQs are classified into aggressive, friendly and sarcastic/ironical questions with imposed answers. The analysis of the corpus, which consisted of 275 RQs taken from ten American movie scripts, showed that friendly RQs are more common than the other two types, and that, in instances where one of the interlocutors is in a superior position, superior-to-inferior RQs are by far more common than vice versa. The finding that RQs asked by inferiors make up less than a third of RQs occurring between interlocutors with different social standing is in line with the view that answers to RQs are imposed on Addressees.

The Theme of Repatriation of Jews from the USSR in the Soviet Media as a Manifestation of Media Propaganda in the 1970s (the Сase of the Izvestiya)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Strovsky Dmitry L. ◽  
◽  
Antoshin Alexey V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
Empirical Material

This article analyzes the substantive approaches used by the Soviet press when reflecting the topic of the repatriation of Jews from the USSR to Israel in the 1970s. This period is of particular importance in the course of studying information propaganda as an independent socio-political activity aimed at the formation of a certain type of mass consciousness. During this period, information propaganda of the Soviet mass media was perceived as an essential basis for strengthening ideological and political positions of the Soviet Union by leveling the complexities of its daily life. The study of how exactly these media promoted the topic of repatriation seems to be new in the study of the information space. The disclosure of this topic through the use of extensive empirical material enables to see the patterns of development of this space at the final stage of the Soviet period, which in turn, determines the relevance of the study in modern conditions, when manipulative priorities anew have become noticeable in the practice of the Russian media. The authors envisage the editorial policy of such an influential central newspaper as Izvestia. This publication, like all the other Soviet media, was attached to propaganda priorities, which predetermined manipulative approaches when covering the topic of repatriation. In order to determine the main trends of manipulative influence, we used structural-functional and systemic methods, as well as a method of content analysis, which together afford to see the patterns of development of the Soviet print media in the disclosure of the topic presented in the title of this article. The results of the research are not only theoretically but practically oriented, since they provide understanding of effective methods of influencing the audience and using them in everyday media practice. Keywords: media, Soviet ideology, propaganda, manipulation, class approach, Zionism, Jews

An analysis of viewpoints by the use of frequent multi-word sequences in DH Lawrence’sLady Chatterley’s Lover

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-184
Author(s):  
Reiko Ikeo
Keyword(s):  
Character Development ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Perception Verbs ◽  
Internal States ◽  
Lady Chatterley's Lover ◽  
Linguistic Material ◽  
Linguistic Means

This paper examines how particular multi-word sequences and a set of adjectives that are closely related to the leading protagonists’ viewpoints contribute to the character development and narrative construction in the fictional text, DH Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover (LCL). LCL is an iconic novel that explores sensuality and sexuality as being an essential part of humanity. To collect linguistic material for examination, I used a frequency list of the text of LCL as the primary source. From the frequency list, the most frequent mental verbs, perception verbs, body part nouns and adjectives were chosen for retrieving the most frequent 2/3-grams. These expressions, which occur frequently in the text, are primarily used for establishing the viewpoint of the leading character, Connie. These verbs, nouns and adjectives are also used to present the other main characters’ internal states, perceptions and viewpoints, although less frequently. These characters’ inner worlds, compared with Connie’s, whose intentions, motives and desires are transparent to the reader, appear to be less discernible and more distant from the reader. However, after Connie became intimately involved with the gamekeeper, Mellors’s viewpoint is more often introduced by similar lexical items to those that were applied to presenting Connie’s internal states. The analysis has revealed how particular linguistic means are related to different characters’ viewpoints.

scholarly journals CONCEPT “DEATH” IN STIG DAGERMAN’S POEM “AUTUMN”

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Mariia Konovalova ◽  
Ekaterina Kobko
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is devoted to the representation of the concept death in poem “Autumn” («Höst») written by Stig Dagerman in 1954. Author wrote it 10 days before suicide. Thus, poem may be considered as occurring before death. This writing is one of a number works where Stig Dagerman addresses himself to a topic death. Concept death is one of the key concepts for humanity: philosophers, painters and writers have been studying it for centuries. Death concept realization can be found in language with the help of various linguistic means: direct and indirect naming units (on the form of metonymic and metaphorical transfers), conventional epithets, colours and images which can be either culture-universal or authorial. In poem of interest concept death is present mostly by metaphorical transfers and colour epithets and one realization through the use of metonymic transfer. The poem includes traditional, universal cultural as well as authorial images. On the one part these speak about importance of studying the concept in global culture, on the other part these speak about Stig Dagerman’s high level of excellence as a poet.

scholarly journals المنهجية الوسيطة في تعليم المحادثة / The Intermediate Method in Teaching Speaking Skill

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
محمود بولعراس الجمعي
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Role Play ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Oral Expression ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Linguistic Means

ملخص البحث:هذا المقترح يرتكز إلى دروس محددة ومقصورة على أهداف معطاة لكل طالب ذي قدرة لغوية كافية ليصبح قادر ا علىالاحتفاظ ببعض هذه المواضيع، وليكن من المستوى الأخير من الابتدائي والأول من المتوسط، يبقى اختلاق جو مفضل لهذهالمحادثة، فلا يكفي أن نستدعي أيّ كان للكلام أو أن نطرح عليه بعض الأسئلة، مثل أن نستدعي طالب ا لا يعرف عنالموضوع أشياء كثيرة، فأولا يجب أن نضع المحادثة موضعها الفضائي والمفضل للمحادثة؛ أي يجب استدعاء الطالب للكلامبقول شيء ما، هنا وفي هذه اللحظة للقسم، وبالمقابل فممارسة هذين الدورين الذي ليس له معنى بالنظر إلى جهة أخرى - -افتراضي لاحق ا ، مثلا أن يتكلم في يوم قضاه في بلد ما، وهذا الفضاء سيجعل المتعلم باللهجة يهجرها إلى استعمال الفصيحمن اللغة العربية، وذلك باستدعاء استعجال الكلام بكل ما أوتي من قوة، وذلك بتوظيف المفردات والنحو في خدمة المعنى،ويسرّع ذلك بالتقدم في المحادثة، ونقدم في الأولوية تبعا لذلك أسئلة الوسائل اللغوية، ونأخذ بعين الاعتبار أن الشفهي ليسهو الكتابي، ومنه تتطلب هذه المحادثة عرض المصادر المهمة خاصة لأجل المحادثة التي هي مهمّة للتعرف عليها لأجل أنتكون أكثر طلاقة وأكثر تح رر ا وأكثر تنوّع ا . وأخيرا توصلت الدراسة إلى أن هذا المقترح قد لاقى استحسانا في ملاءمة الثقافةالمدرسية التي تمثل الكلام المفضل لدى الطلبة، وهي تلائم الأعداد الكبيرة في القسم عادة والتوقيت الموجز والعمل الموازيالمحدود الانجاز في المنزل، ويبقى المعلم هو مصدر المادة اللغوية وكذلك الطلبة، وقد تقوم هذه المقاربة على استقلالية مريحة حقاللطالب.الكلمات المفتاحية: المنهجية الوسيطة تعليم المحادثة مهارة. Abstract:The paper is a suggestion focusing on certain lessons that have the objectives to enable students to understand some of the topics of those lessons. They are from the final level of  the elementary school and form from first year secondary. The created atmosphere is favorable to the students that no question needs to be asked or initiated in order for them to start conversing. A student who does not know the topic much was called for instance and the conversation need to be initiated in an exciting and interesting context; he is called to say something there and then in the class. This role play- that perhaps is meaningless to the other party- is based on assumption. For example, he might be asked to talk about the day he spend his holiday in a certain country. This would make him abandons his dialect to talk with the standard Arabic. This can be done by hastening to talk as much as he could by making both the words and grammar to serve the meaning. This would speed up the progress of the discussion .We present as the priority the questions on linguistic means taking into consideration that the oral expression is not the written one, because the criteria of correction are not the same. On the other hand, grammar cannot be translated in its realistic nature. This discussion requires the use of important sources, especially for the conversation which is essentially need to be made more fluent, spontaneous and varied. Finally, the study found out that this suggested approach was received favorably in appropriating the school cultural aspect that is preferable to the students and it also suits the big number of students in a classroom. It consumes less time and suitable as homework. The teacher in this regard still is the source of the language material and the students can perform it as they wish .Keywords: The Intermediate – Method – Teaching - Speaking - Skill Abstrak:Kajian ini mengemukakan satu cadangan yang memberikan fokus kepada beberapa pelajaran yang berobjektifkan kefahaman pelajar terhadap kandungan pelajaran tersebut. Pelajar terdiri daripada tahap akhir sekolah rendah dan tahap permulaan sekolah menengah. Keadaan yang diwujudkan amat digemari oleh pelajar sehinggakan tidak timbul keperluan memberikan soalan-soalan untuk memulakan mereka bertutur. Seseorang pelajar yang didapati kurang memahami sesuatu pelajaran boleh dipanggil secara terus dan satu perbualan boleh dimulakan dalam suasana yang menarik secara langsung diwaktu dan tempat pembelajaran itu dilakukan. Permainan peranan ini- yang mungkin tidak bermakna kepada pelajar tersebut- dijalankan berdasarkan kepada asumsi topik tertentu. Contohnya pelajar ditanya tentang percutiannya. Ini akanmenjadikannya bertutur dengan dialek standard dan melupakan dialek pertuturannya. Perbualan adalah pantas dengan menjadikan perkataan dan tatabahasa menyampaikan maksud. Ini akan mempercepatkan lagi perkembangan perbincangan pelajaran tersebut. Sebagai keutamaan, soalan-soalan yang terdapat kriteria linguistic sambil mengambil kira yang kesalahan bahasa dalam pertuturan adalah berbeza dengan kesalahan bahasa dalam penulisan. Tambahan pula, aspek tatabahasa tidak akan dapat direalisasikan dengan mudah dalam perbualan. Perbincangan tersebut memerlukan sumber-sumber penting terutama dalam perbualan yang perlu mencapai tahap kelancaran yang lebih, spontan dan pelbagai. Akhirnya, kajian ini mendapati pendekatan ini mendapat reaksi positif dalam menampilkan aspek kebudayaan sekolah yang disukai pelajar serta bersusaian dengan jumlah murid dalam kelas yang agak ramai. Ia juga tidak memakan masa dan boleh dijadikan kerja rumah ringan. Guru dalam praktis ini tetap menjadi sumber bahan bahasa berkenaan dan pelajar pula boleh melakukannya mengikut cara yang mereka inginkan .Katakunci: Pertengahan, Metod, Pengajaran, Pertuturan, kemahiran Katakunci: Pertengahan – Metod – Pengajaran – Pertuturan – kemahiran.

scholarly journals MAJOR TRENDS IN EUROPEAN MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE MIGRATION CRISIS 2015-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albina R. Shakurova ◽  
Rezida V. Dautova
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
London School ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
London School Of Economics ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
European Migration

This article is devoted to the problem of the migration crisis of 2015-2016. in Europe and the reflection of this problem in media texts. The current stage of development of society is characterized by the increasing influence of journalism on all spheres of life and human activity. The greatest influence in this context is television, which for many Russian citizens is the most accessible source of information. Analyzing the state of the participants of the modern migration crisis according to reports in the Russian media, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to turn to the works of European researchers who see the situation from the inside. We studied media stereotypes about migrants and refugees, presented in a report by the international group of researchers from the Department of Media and Communications of the London School of Economics and Political Science and published in 2017 the report “The European migration crisis and the media. A cross-European press content analysis”. Migrants and refugees are a vulnerable minority that can easily suffer from the internal problems of the host country

scholarly journals Херменевтични бележки за библейските псалми

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Регина [Regina] Койчева [Koĭcheva]
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Text ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Expression

Some hermeneutical notes on the biblical Psalms The article examines two difficult to interpret verses from the Book of Psalms. The analysis compares the Hebrew text, the Septuagint, the Old Bulgarian text (along with its Church Sla­vonic version) and the Modern Bulgarian synodical translation of the psalms. The proposed reading is based on linguistic, literary and theological observations. In the first analysed verse (Ps. 4:2), semantic illegibility is interpreted as a result of the implicit presence of a specific Hebraism in the translations. In the other case (Ps. 5:9), verbal expression is highly elliptical because of the preference given to the phonetic structure of the verse in the Hebrew original. Hermeneutyczne uwagi o biblijnych PsalmachArtykuł prezentuje dwie różne interpretacje wersów pochodzących z biblijnej Księgi Psal­mów. Autorka porównuje przekłady Psalmów, pochodzące z tekstu hebrajskiego, Septuaginty, tekstu starobułgarskiego (wraz z jego cerkiewnosłowiańską wersją) oraz z pierwszego nowo­bułgarskiego przekładu synodalnego. Zaproponowane odczytanie uwzględnia perspektywę językoznawczą, literaturoznawczą i teologiczną. W pierwszym analizowanym wersie (Ps 4,2) semantyczna nieczytelność jest interpretowana jako wynik bezpośredniej obecności specy­ficznego hebraizmu w komentowanych przekładach. W innym przypadku (Ps 5,9) ekspresja słowna jest niezwykle eliptyczna z powodu zastosowania obecnej w hebrajskim oryginale fonetycznej struktury wersu.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC MEANS OF IRONY REALIZATION IN ETHNIC STEREOTYPES ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION (A CASE STUDY OF „LES CARNETS DU MAJOR THOMPSON“ BY PIERRE DANINOS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Malvina MARINASHVILI
Keyword(s):  
French Literature ◽  
National Character ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
The One ◽  
Rhetorical Questions ◽  
National Stereotypes ◽  
Linguistic Means

The study of ethnic stereotypes from the linguistic standpoint involves their investigation on the basis of language material including their depiction in fictional texts. Of special interest is comic, in particular, ironic representation of national typical character features, one of the most striking examples in French literature is the novel „Les carnets du major Thompson“ („The Notebooks of Major Thompson“) by Pierre Daninos. The dominant comic means of the novel is humorous irony. This paper focuses on an analysis of linguistic peculiarities used by P. Daninos to create the effect of irony when describing the French and British stereotypes. Depicting national character peculiarities, the way of life, behaviour, habits and customs of the French in comparison with the British, Pierre Daninos uses a variety of lexico-semantic means (antonyms, evaluative adjectives, anglicisms), lexical and syntactic stylistic devices (metaphor, comparison, antiphrasis, hyperbole, oxymoron, chiasm, rhetorical questions, parenthetical constructions). Along with the special structure of narrative instances, integration of „character’s irony” and „author’s irony“, these linguistic means create an effect of irony in separate fragments and ironic tonality of the whole text. On the one hand, significant differences between the stereotypical features of two ethnoses are the source of irony of the novel, and on the other hand, it is the contradiction of the French national character himself. Irony is based mainly on exaggeration and opposition. The general comic tonality of the novel forms the effect of targeting irony not only on stereotypical images of French and British peoples, but also national stereotypes as such.

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