scholarly journals Partisanship or Loyalty? Seeking Textual Traces of Poetry Translators' Ideologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethic ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Poetry Translation

Earlier studies have revealed how the ideological stances of teams publishing translations of Bosnian and Serbian poetry into English during and after the 1990s’ conflict are often reflected in translation projects’ ‘structural features’: which poems are selected, the host publication's or website's title, and paratextual comments. This study analyses the ideological implications of textual (semantic and stylistic) “shifts” between source and target in 143 poems from 43 Serbian-to-English poetry translation projects examined previously. It shows much less evidence of translator ideology at textual-shift than at structural level, probably because of the translator's professional ethic of source-poet loyalty.

scholarly journals Atg8-Family Proteins—Structural Features and Molecular Interactions in Autophagy and Beyond

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Wesch ◽  
Vladimir Kirkin ◽  
Vladimir V. Rogov
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
Shed Light

Autophagy is a common name for a number of catabolic processes, which keep the cellular homeostasis by removing damaged and dysfunctional intracellular components. Impairment or misbalance of autophagy can lead to various diseases, such as neurodegeneration, infection diseases, and cancer. A central axis of autophagy is formed along the interactions of autophagy modifiers (Atg8-family proteins) with a variety of their cellular counter partners. Besides autophagy, Atg8-proteins participate in many other pathways, among which membrane trafficking and neuronal signaling are the most known. Despite the fact that autophagy modifiers are well-studied, as the small globular proteins show similarity to ubiquitin on a structural level, the mechanism of their interactions are still not completely understood. A thorough analysis and classification of all known mechanisms of Atg8-protein interactions could shed light on their functioning and connect the pathways involving Atg8-proteins. In this review, we present our views of the key features of the Atg8-proteins and describe the basic principles of their recognition and binding by interaction partners. We discuss affinity and selectivity of their interactions as well as provide perspectives for discovery of new Atg8-interacting proteins and therapeutic approaches to tackle major human diseases.

scholarly journals Sequencing Analysis and Enzyme Activity Assay of SrUGT76G1 Revealed the Mechanism Toward on/off Production of Rebaudioside-A in Stevia Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ribeiro Lucho ◽  
Marcelo do Amaral ◽  
Valmor Bianchi ◽  
Lorena Almagro ◽  
Maria Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Enzyme Activity Assay ◽  
Structure Activity

Abstract Stevia plants is known for its ability to synthesize steviol glycosides (SGs), a natural sweetener blend. Stevioside (STEV) and Rebaudioside-A (Reb-A) are the main SGs. However, Reb-A is more palatable than STEV and shows reduced bitter aftertaste. SrUGT76G1 catalyzes the conversion of STEV to Reb-A, improving their organoleptic properties. The better understanding of the structure/activity of SrUGT76G1 would allow shedding light up on on/off production of Reb-A in stevia plants. Thus, we analyzed the STEV and Reb-A content in stevia leaves of plants from Brazil and Spain and did not find detectable levels of Reb-A in Brazilian samples (off production). For this reason, we used a sequencing tool to study at the genetic and structural level the SrUGT76G1 gene. Changes in key amino acid residues in Brazilian samples were found, such as Leu204Phe, Thr284Leu and Leu126Ile. Leu204Phe mutants can narrow substrate-binding pocket to favor flavonoids recognition and decrease SGs synthesis, while Thr284 is considered key for 1,3-glucosylation of SGs, including Reb-A. These punctual mutations may partly explain the lack of functionality of UGT76G1 enzyme and off production of Reb-A in stevia plants from Brazil. Following this trend, Brazilian samples exhibited a T-to-A substitution, resulting in premature stop codon. As expected, the relative expression of SrUGT76G1 gene showed a higher level in Spanish samples than in Brazilian ones. Collectively, the results presented here show the structure-activity interplay of SrUGT76G1 enzyme and provide new insights on structural features and its role toward Reb-A synthesis.

scholarly journals The Structural Characterization of Tumor Fusion Genes and Proteins

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Daixi Li ◽  
Guangrong Qin ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Jian Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Fusion Partner ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Fusion Genes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Disordered Regions

Chromosomal translocation, which generates fusion proteins in blood tumor or solid tumor, is considered as one of the major causes leading to cancer. Recent studies suggested that the disordered fragments in a fusion protein might contribute to its carcinogenicity. Here, we investigated the sequence feature near the breakpoints in the fusion partner genes, the structure features of breakpoints in fusion proteins, and the posttranslational modification preference in the fusion proteins. Results show that the breakpoints in the fusion partner genes have both sequence preference and structural preference. At the sequence level, nucleotide combination AG is preferred before the breakpoint and GG is preferred at the breakpoint. At the structural level, the breakpoints in the fusion proteins prefer to be located in the disordered regions. Further analysis suggests the phosphorylation sites at serine, threonine, and the methylation sites at arginine are enriched in disordered regions of the fusion proteins. Using EML4-ALK as an example, we further explained how the fusion protein leads to the protein disorder and contributes to its carcinogenicity. The sequence and structural features of the fusion proteins may help the scientific community to predict novel breakpoints in fusion genes and better understand the structure and function of fusion proteins.

Poetic dialogue analysis of Chinese–English poetry translation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Xu ◽  
Chengxia Chang
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Poetry Translation ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
The Ancient Chinese

The translation of ancient Chinese Poetry into English is considered to be one of the most challenging tasks not only because of the different features between the two languages, especially as they belong to different linguistic families, but also the unique features of the ancient Chinese poetry itself.. This paper, by applying poetry dialogue analysis based on dialogism, explores the operation of its elements such as context, subject, sense, image, the reader and text form, and tries to seek out the mechanism for understanding the source text and reproducing what the source contains in the target language, thus shedding light on poetry translation studies.

scholarly journals Segmenting and Predicting Musical Phrase Structure Exploits Neural Gain Modulation and Phase Precession

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbin Teng ◽  
Pauline Larrouy-Maestri ◽  
David Poeppel
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Musical Structures ◽  
Phase Precession ◽  
Neurophysiological Data ◽  
Listening Experience ◽  
High Level ◽  
Neural Gain

Music, like language, is characterized by hierarchically organized structure that unfolds over time. Music listening therefore requires not only the tracking of notes and beats but also internally constructing high-level musical structures or phrases and anticipating incoming contents. Unlike for language, mechanistic evidence for online musical segmentation and prediction at a structural level is sparse. We recorded neurophysiological data from participants listening to music in its original forms as well as in manipulated versions with locally or globally reversed harmonic structures. We discovered a low-frequency neural component that modulated the neural rhythms of beat tracking and reliably parsed musical phrases. We next identified phrasal phase precession, suggesting that listeners established structural predictions from ongoing listening experience to track phrasal boundaries. The data point to brain mechanisms that listeners use to segment continuous music at the phrasal level and to predict abstract structural features of music.

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