Taylor, The Wild Black Region: Badenoch 1750–1800

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-148
Author(s):  
Charles Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Black Region

scholarly journals Neu1 deficiency induces abnormal emotional behavior in zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asami Ikeda ◽  
Mayu Komamizu ◽  
Akito Hayashi ◽  
Chiharu Yamasaki ◽  
Keiji Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Dysplasia ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
White Region ◽  
Neu1 Sialidase ◽  
Black Region ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

AbstractNEU1 sialidase hydrolyzes sialic acids from glycoconjugates in lysosomes. Deficiency of NEU1 causes sialidosis with symptoms including facial dysmorphism, bone dysplasia, and neurodegeneration. However, the effects of NEU1 deficiency on emotional activity have not been explored. Here, we conducted the behavioral analysis using Neu1-knockout zebrafish (Neu1-KO). Neu1-KO zebrafish showed normal swimming similar to wild-type zebrafish (WT), whereas shoaling was decreased and accompanied by greater inter-fish distance than WT zebrafish. The aggression test showed a reduced aggressive behavior in Neu1-KO zebrafish than in WT zebrafish. In the mirror and 3-chambers test, Neu1-KO zebrafish showed more interest toward the opponent in the mirror and multiple unfamiliar zebrafish, respectively, than WT zebrafish. Furthermore, Neu1-KO zebrafish also showed increased interaction with different fish species, whereas WT zebrafish avoided them. In the black–white preference test, Neu1-KO zebrafish showed an abnormal preference for the white region, whereas WT zebrafish preferred the black region. Neu1-KO zebrafish were characterized by a downregulation of the anxiety-related genes of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and upregulation of lamp1a, an activator of lysosomal exocytosis, with their brains accumulating several sphingoglycolipids. This study revealed that Neu1 deficiency caused abnormal emotional behavior in zebrafish, possibly due to neuronal dysfunction induced by lysosomal exocytosis.

Description of a new species of Bush frog (Anura: Rhacophoridae: Raorchestes) from northwestern Yunnan, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4941 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-258
Author(s):  
YUN-HE WU ◽  
XIAO-LONG LIU ◽  
WEI GAO ◽  
YU-FAN WANG ◽  
YING-CHUN LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Region ◽  
One New Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Northwestern Yunnan

Approximately half of the species in speciose genus Raorchestes were described during the past 10 years, yet only 11 species are known from Southeast Asia and southern China (SEA-SC), adjacent Himalayas, and northeastern India. Field work in northwestern Yunnan province, China resulted in the discovery of one new species in the genus based on morphological and molecular analyses. The new species is diagnosed by small size with 15.0–19.0 mm SVL in adult males (n=3); tongue pyriform, notched posteriorly; rudimentary webbing between toes; fingers and toes with narrow lateral dermal fringes; tibiotarsal articulation reaching anterior of the eye when hindlimb is stretched along the side of the body; relative finger lengths: I < II < IV < III, relative toe lengths: I < II < V < III < IV; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, outer metatarsal tubercle absent; finger discs and toe discs greyish or orange; flank near the crotch with a distinct black region between two creamy white patches, and the thigh having a similar black patch near the groin, proximal to another creamy white patch; a distinct “) (”-shaped dark marking on the back; male with external single subgular vocal sac; nuptial pad absent. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the mitochondrial genes for 16S rRNA and ND1. The results indicated that these individuals form a monophyletic group, and show high genetic divergence to their closest relatives within the genus (uncorrected p-distances > 3.2%) by distance of 16S comparable to the divergence between recognized Raorchestes species. This study further enriches the diversity of rhacophorids, especially in northwestern Yunnan. 

Insect–fungus blister galls on Solidago graminifolia and S. rugosa. I. A macroscopic and light microscopic study of the host–parasite relationship

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2466-2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell R. Camp
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Black Region

The host–parasite relations of an insect–fungus blister gall on Solidago graminifolia and a related gall on S. rugosa were studied. The midge, Asteromyia carbonifera, and fungus, Sclerotium asteris, were associated with both gall types.Externally, young galls of both types had a black center surrounded by a yellow halo. During growth in diameter the external coloration did not change in S. graminifolia; however, in S. rugosa a beige – ashy grey area developed in the center of the black region and expanded outward. In both species the leading edge of intercellular fungal hyphae was present in the halo region. Behind this front, hyphae sequestered to form an undifferentiated subepidermal stroma. The stroma differentiated into a black cortex and underlying white medulla at the margin of the black region. Differentiated cells remained subepidermal in both species except for the cortex that became subcuticular in S. graminifolia. During cortical proliferation in S. graminifolia the cuticle remained intact; however, epidermal cells became isolated and collapsed. In S. rugosa the epidermis separated extensively from the mesophyll but remained intact. Mesophyll cells within the halo and black region exhibited a reduction in number and size of chloroplasts and starch grains in both species.

Autumn application of herbicides in crops of winter wheat in the conditions of the central black region

2019 ◽  
Vol 326 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
V.A. Lavrinova ◽  
◽  
T.S. Polunina ◽  
I.V. Gusev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Black Region
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document