An 18th-century road in Glen Arklet

2012 ◽  
Vol 34-35 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Jürgen Van Wessel
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Road Building ◽  
The Road ◽  
Forestry Commission ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Military ◽  
Later Phase

This paper reports on a recent programme of archaeological works on an 18th century road in Glen Arklet, Buchanan Parish, Stirling. The work was undertaken by Headland Archaeology in 2010–11 on behalf of Forestry Commission Scotland. A detailed topographic survey and four test trenches revealed at least two phases of construction, and signs of ongoing maintenance. In combination with the results of earlier fieldwork and a fresh review of literary evidence, it is argued that at least the later phase was likely to have been built by the military in the first half of the 18th century to improve communications to the Garrison of Inversnaid. However, the road was neither designed nor constructed as part of the Wade/Caulfield network, and demonstrates that smaller scale road building was undertaken by the military during the first half of the 18th century.

Building Mulholland Highway: The Road to Mulholland Drive

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-226
Author(s):  
Barry Read
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Road Building ◽  
The Road ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mulholland Drive

A sequel to the author’s article in the preceding issue on the origins, purpose, and planners of Los Angeles’s scenic Mulholland Drive, this article traces the phenomenal accomplishment of the 24-mile mountain road’s construction in one year and under budget. It details the supervision and problem-solving by construction engineer DeWitt L. Reaburn, the bureaucratic streamlining, the use of the latest 1920s road-building technology, and the efficient manpower logistics that made this possible.

Отцейхгаузадомузеяизисториивоенно-историческогомузеяартиллерии,инженерныхвойскивойсксвязи

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-197
Author(s):  
V.E. . Sergei
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
General Field ◽  
Signal Corps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
The Military

The article is dedicated to the history of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Corps. The author examines the main stages of the museums formation, starting with the foundation of the Arsenal, established in St. Petersburg at the orders of Peter the Great on August 29th 1703 for the safekeeping and preservation of memory, for eternal glory of unique arms and military trophies. In 1756, on the base of the Arsenals collection, the General Inspector of Artillery Count P.I. created the Memorial Hall, set up at the Arsenal, on St. Petersburgs Liteyny Avenue. By the end of the 18th century the collection included over 6,000 exhibits. In 1868 the Memorial Hall was transferred to the New Arsenal, at the Crownwork of the Petropavlovsky Fortress, and renamed the Artillery Museum (since 1903 the Artillery Historical Museum). A large part of the credit for the development and popularization of the collection must be given to the historian N.E. Brandenburg, the man rightly considered the founder of Russias military museums, who was the chief curator from 1872 to 1903. During the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars a significant part of the museums holdings were evacuated to Yaroslavl and Novosibirsk. Thanks to the undying devotion of the museums staff, it not only survived, but increased its collection. In the 1960s over 100,000 exhibits were transferred from the holdings of the Central Historical Museum of Military Engineering and the Military Signal Corps Museum. In 1991 the collection also received the entire Museum of General Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov, transferred from the Polish town of Bolesawjec. The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Coprs is now one of the largest museums of military history in the world. It holds an invaluable collection of artillery and ammunition, of firearms and cold steel arms, military engineering and signal technology, military banners, uniforms, a rich collection of paintings and graphic works, orders and medals, as well as extensive archives, all dedicated to the history of Russian artillery and the feats of our nations defenders.Статья посвящена истории создания ВоенноИсторического музея артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи. Автор рассматривает основные этапы становления музея, начиная с основания Арсенала, созданного в СанктПетербурге по приказу Петра I 29 августа 1703 года для хранения и сохранения памяти, во имя вечной славы уникального оружия и военных трофеев. В 1756 году на базе коллекции Арсенала генеральный инспектор артиллерии граф П. И. создал мемориальный зал, установленный при Арсенале, на Литейном проспекте СанктПетербурга. К концу 18 века коллекция насчитывала более 6000 экспонатов. В 1868 году Мемориальный зал был перенесен в Новый Арсенал, на венец Петропавловской крепости, и переименован в Артиллерийский музей (с 1903 года Артиллерийский Исторический музей). Большая заслуга в развитии и популяризации коллекции принадлежит историку Н.Е. Бранденбургу, человеку, по праву считавшемуся основателем российских военных музеев, который был главным хранителем с 1872 по 1903 год. В годы Гражданской и Великой Отечественной войн значительная часть фондов музея была эвакуирована в Ярославль и Новосибирск. Благодаря неусыпной преданности сотрудников музея, он не только сохранился, но и пополнил свою коллекцию. В 1960х годах более 100 000 экспонатов были переданы из фондов Центрального исторического военноинженерного музея и Музея войск связи. В 1991 году коллекцию также получил весь музей генералфельдмаршала М. И. Кутузова, переданный из польского города Болеславец. Военноисторический музей артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи в настоящее время является одним из крупнейших музеев военной истории в мире. Здесь хранится бесценная коллекция артиллерии и боеприпасов, огнестрельного и холодного оружия, военной техники и сигнальной техники, военных знамен, обмундирования, богатая коллекция живописных и графических работ, орденов и медалей, а также обширные архивы, посвященные истории русской артиллерии и подвигам защитников нашего народа.

scholarly journals Jan Sobieski’s latifundium and the soldiers (1652-1696)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ujma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The State ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
The People ◽  
Actual Strength ◽  
The Military

Abstract An analysis of the relationship between Jan III Sobieski and the people he distinguished shows that there were many mutual benefits. Social promotion was more difficult if the candidate for the office did not come from a senatorial family34. It can be assumed that, especially in the case of Atanazy Walenty Miączyński, the economic activity in the Sobieski family was conducive to career development. However, the function of the plenipotentiary was not a necessary condition for this. Not all the people distinguished by Jan III Sobieski achieved the same. More important offices were entrusted primarily to Marek Matczyński. Stanisław Zygmunt Druszkiewicz’s career was definitely less brilliant. Druszkiewicz joined the group of senators thanks to Jan III, and Matczyński and Szczuka received ministerial offices only during the reign of Sobieski. Jan III certainly counted on the ability to manage a team of people acquired by his comrades-in-arms in the course of his military service. However, their other advantage was also important - good orientation in political matters and exerting an appropriate influence on the nobility. The economic basis of the magnate’s power is an issue that requires more extensive research. This issue was primarily of interest to historians dealing with latifundia in the 18th century. This was mainly due to the source material. Latifundial documentation was kept much more regularly in the 18th century than before and is well-organized. The economic activity of the magnate was related not only to the internal organization of landed estates. It cannot be separated from the military, because the goal of the magnate’s life was politics and, very often, also war. Despite its autonomy, the latifundium wasn’t isolated. Despite the existence of the decentralization process of the state, the magnate families remained in contact with the weakening center of the state and influenced changes in its social structure. The actual strength of the magnate family was determined not only by the area of land goods, but above all by their profitability, which depended on several factors: geographic location and natural conditions, the current situation on the economic market, and the management method adopted by the magnate. In the 17th century, crisis phenomena, visible in demography, agricultural and crafts production, money and trade, intensified. In these realities, attempts by Jan III Sobieski to reconstruct the lands destroyed by the war and to introduce military rigor in the management center did not bring the expected results. Sobieski, however, introduced “new people” to the group of senators, who implemented his policy at the sejmiks and the Parliament, participated in military expeditions and managed his property.

Book Reviews: Les Chemins de fer Privés des Franches Montagnes. Naissance, Exploitation et défis d'un réseau (1892–1943) [Private Railways of the Franches Mountains. Birth, Exploitation and Challenges of a Network (1892–1943)], Das Verkehrsbuch der Schweiz. Faszinierendes und Ungewöhnliches Rund um das Thema Mobilität. Zum 50–Jahr-Jubiläum 2009 [Traffic and Transport in Switzerland. Thrilling News and Peciularities around the Topic of Mobility. Festschrift for the 50th Anniversary of the Swiss Transport Museum], Automatisierung, Schnellverkehr und Modernisierung bei den SBB 1955 bis 2005 [The Railroad of the Future: Automation, Rapid Transit and Modernization in the SBB, 1955 to 2005], La Bataille de la Route [The Battle for the Road], per Rickheden, Världens Nordligaste spårväg. Till 100–årsminnet av Kirunas spårvägar [The World's Northernmost Tram. To Commemorate the 100th Anniversary of the Kiruna Tram System], Die Moderne Straße. Planung, Bau und Verkehr vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert [The Modern Road. Planning, Building and Traffic from 18th Century to the 20th Century, Palm Oil and Small Chop, Airborne Dreams: ‘Niseir’ Stewardesses and Pan American World Airways, Railroads in the African American Experience: A Photographic Journey, Fahren und Fliegen in Krieg und Frieden. Kulturen Individueller Mobilitätsmaschinen 1880–1930 [Driving and Flying in Peace and War. Cultures of Individual Mobility Machines], Radelnde Nationen: Die Geschichte des Fahrrads in Deutschland und den Niederlanden bis 1940 [Cycling Nations. History of the Bicycle in Germany and the Netherlands until 1940], Sometimes Eagle's Wings: The Saga of Aéropostale, the Quest for Speed

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
Etienne Auphan ◽  
Anne Ebert ◽  
Alfred Gottwaldt ◽  
Massimo Moraglio ◽  
Martin Schiefelbusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The Road ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Peace And War

FEATURES OF FIXED AND CURRENT FUNDS REPRODUCTION IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
T. N. KOSTYUCHENKO ◽  
◽  
D. O. GRACHEVA ◽  
M. B. CHEREMNYKH ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Construction Enterprise ◽  
Road Building ◽  
The Road ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Building Enterprise ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article outlines the aspects of the development of reproduction processes in the road-building industry, provides practical recommendations for their normalization, contributing to an increase in the efficiency of using fixed and circulating assets. The paper investigates and developed measures to rationalize the process of reproduction of material resources of a particular road-building enterprise, taking into account their impact on the value of the business.

"Itzt kommen die Soldaten"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Venzl
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

In the 18th century, as many as 300 German-language plays were produced with the military and its contact and friction with civil society serving as focus of the dramatic events. The immense public interest these plays attracted feeds not least on the fundamental social structural change that was brought about by the establishment of standing armies. In his historico-cultural literary study, Tilman Venzl shows how these military dramas literarily depict complex social processes and discuss the new problems in an affirmative or critical manner. For the first time, the findings of the New Military History are comprehensively included in the literary history of the 18th century. Thus, the example of selected military dramas – including Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm and Lenz's Die Soldaten – reveals the entire range of variety characterizing the history of both form and function of the subject.

Конница тюрко-монгольских народов Великой степи в российской армии XVIII – начала XIX в. Часть 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-97
Author(s):  
Utash B. Ochirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Regular Army ◽  
Traditional Structures ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Early 18Th Century

The article examines activities of Turko-Mongols to have inhabited the Great Steppe and adjacent territories in the military service of Russia throughout the 18th and early 19th centuries. The period witnessed the employment of ethnic military units of irregular cavalries Russian army recruited from the Mongolian-speaking Kalmyks and Buryats, Turkic-speaking Bashkirs, Teptyars, Mishar and Tatars. The work focuses on the largest ethnic military forces ― those of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs. Despite Russian forces were reorganized to from a regular army in the early 18th century, the latter still contained significant irregular components, including ones recruited from Turko-Mongols. Initially, the ethnic groups had served as independent military contingents with traditional structures, tactics, and weapons, but by the late 18th century all ethnic forces were clustered into Don Cossack-type regiments. In the first part of the article, published in the previous issue, the features of military service of the Kalmyks and Bashkirs in their usual habitat ― in the Great Steppe were considered. The second part of the article analyzes the actions of the Turkic-Mongol cavalry in the three largest wars of Russia in the XVIII-early XX century. XIX centuries. (The Northern, Seven-Year War, the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813–1814). Rational approaches and command of the ethnic units would yield good results ― both in Eurasian plains and European battlefields. The use of ethnic forces within the Russian army not only saved essential financial and physical resources for the defense of large territories and dramatically long frontiers but also facilitated further integration of their elites into the Empire’s community.

scholarly journals “A SOLAR ROAD” - A ROAD OF THE FUTURE

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Pavlenko ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Golovko
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Road Building ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Computer ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Communication Layer ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Internet Channel

The article touches upon the problem of implementing energy saving technologies in the road building, in particular, installing solar panels instead of asphalt pavement. The main advantages of using solar panels in the road building and the functions of the pavement including lighting in the dark, energy source for recharging electric cars, which are gaining popularity in Europe; using communication layer of this pavement as high-speed Internet channel and mobile communication; proper traffic bearing surface that could replace conventional asphalt. The roadway equipped with panels acts as a network of individual cells, each of them is controlled by the central computer. This fact helps to replace any panel in case of damage or spoilage. The observation of “smart road” projects designed by the engineers of different countries has been presented. The considered innovative solutions in the road building allow to bring the state of the roads in the fast-growing cities to the necessary ecological level, as well as to solve the problem of slippery roads in winter. The disadvantage of projects of building the roads based on solar batteries at first will be the high cost of manufacturing.

scholarly journals WEALTH AND INEQUALITY IN 18TH-CENTURY KASTAMONU: ESTIMATIONS FOR THE MUSLIM MAJORITY

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 46a-46a
Author(s):  
Boğač A. Ergene ◽  
Ali Berker
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Career Lines ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Economic Worth ◽  
The Military

This article measures wealth levels and inequalities among the Muslim population of 18th-century Ottoman Kastamonu by utilizing information found in estate inventories (terekes). Also developed is a quantitative methodology that can predict the economic worth of specific noneconomic markers of social, religious, and gender identity, including honorific titles, religious epithets, and occupational markers. Our calculations indicate that inequality among different segments of the Muslim community was pronounced. Men from higher echelons of the military and religious establishments, as well as individuals who carried the epithet “pilgrim” (elhac), were significantly wealthier than the rest of the society. At the same time, economic disparities cut across career lines and title/epithet-based distinctions among legators. Finally, the regression analysis introduced in this article reveals that wealth transfers across generations may have contributed greatly to overall wealth levels.

Metropolitan Platon (Levshin) — publicist

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-115
Author(s):  
Eduard L. Afanasyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Educated Person ◽  
The Trinity

The article deals with the work of Metropolitan of Moscow Platon II (worldly surname — Levshin) (1737–1812), who became famous not only as an outstanding preacher of the second half of the 18th century, but also as a historical writer. The well-known facts of his life and the creative history of works receive a new sound in the context of a spiritual biography; first of all — a strong connection to the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius and a deep understanding of the spiritual experience of venerable Sergius of Radonezh. A comparative analysis of the text “On the Road to Schism” (1767) and “Brief History of the Russian Church” (1805) was undertaken, illustrating the path of spiritual growth. The author is presented not just as a widely educated person, but as a hierarch, vigilantly expanding his spiritual horizon. Changes in genre priorities and lexical and stylistic features, adherence to certain literary traditions, the dominance of a national idea, proximity to Church Slavonic sources and ancient Russian literary tradition are traced. One of the key roles of the spiritual heritage of Metropolitan Platon II in the historical and literary process of the second half of the 18th century is confirmed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document