Expressing evaluation without grammatical stance: informational persuasion on the web

Corpora ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Biber ◽  
Meixiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
Keyword Analysis ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Evaluative Language ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
The Web

Although ‘stance’ and ‘evaluation’ are closely related theoretical constructs, they have typically been analysed in fundamentally different ways. Stance is normally described in terms of explicit lexico-grammatical features. As a result, stance has been studied through corpus-based methods that result in generalisable descriptions of different registers. In contrast, evaluative language has been regarded as implicit and context-dependent. As a result, analyses of evaluative language have focussed on the connotations of particular words and phrases, or on detailed descriptions of particular texts (rather than on generalisable descriptions of a register). Against this background, this study is motivated by an apparent contradiction that emerged from a recent study of register variation on the web (Biber and Egbert, 2017, forthcoming): end-users identified two categories of opinionated/persuasive documents on the web, one labelled ‘Opinion’ (OP) and the other labeled ‘Informational Persuasion’ (IP). However, a multi-dimensional analysis of register variation indicated that only the OP documents were marked for the use of grammatical stance features, while the IP documents were marked for the absence of those features. Our primary goals in this paper are two-fold. First, we undertake detailed linguistic analyses of lexico-grammatical stance features in OP and IP registers to confirm the general results of the earlier analysis. And, second, we use keyword analysis to explore the possibility that evaluation might be expressed lexically – rather than grammatically – in IP. In our conclusion, we discuss the broader theoretical implications of the study, including the possibility of using keyword analysis to explore a particular discourse function (i.e., evaluation); the possibility of analysing evaluative language in ways that can be generalised to an entire register; and the possibility of two complementary discourse systems (i.e., grammatical stance versus lexical evaluation) that are used as alternatives for the expression of personal attitudes and assessments.

Soviet Policy Toward Germany During the Russo-Polish War, 1920

Slavic Review ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Himmer
Keyword(s):  
Weimar Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
German Government ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Revolution ◽  
Soviet Russia

The Russo-Polish War occasioned some of the most anxious moments in the history of relations between Soviet Russia and the Weimar Republic. Within Germany, the advance of the Red Army toward Warsaw in 1920 aroused strong, but contradictory emotions. First, it led many Germans to anticipate the destruction of Poland and to hope for the restoration of the Reich’s former eastern territories. Simultaneously, however, the westward Russian march raised fears of the invasion of Germany by Bolshevik forces. Within Russia, a similar dichotomy of views about Germany existed. On one hand, the German government was considered a hostile, though negligible and temporary—a Communist revolution there was thought imminent—factor in Russia’s situation. On the other, Germany was held important enough to Russia that serious proposals of a far-reaching alliance against Poland and the Entente were made to her. The former view rested on a fundamentally optimistic assessment of Russia’s prospects; the latter, on a sober one. Grounds for concern were afforded by the Soviet Republic’s grave economic problems and by worry about whether the weary Red Army could defeat Pilsudski’s forces, whose offensive capacity had been demonstrated by their capture of Kiev in May 1920. If Germany, which had had military forces in the field against the Bolsheviks only a year before, should actively assist the Poles, Russia’s situation could be appreciably worsened. Surprisingly, therefore, although there are several recent, excellent studies of Soviet-Polish affairs and the Russo-Polish War, and a voluminous literature on relations between the Soviets and the Weimar Republic, little attention has been paid to Soviet policy toward Germany during the conflict with Poland. To explain that policy, and its apparent contradiction, is the purpose of this article.

A multi-dimensional analysis of register variation in Brazilian Portuguese

Corpora ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Berber Sardinha ◽  
Carlos Kauffmann ◽  
Cristina Mayer Acunzo
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Linguistic Community ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Register Variation ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Six Dimensions ◽  
Dimensions Of Variation

In this paper, we present a Multi-Dimensional analysis of Brazilian Portuguese, based on a large, diverse corpus comprising forty-eight different spoken and written registers. Previous research in MD analysis includes multi-register investigations of a range of languages, including English, Spanish, Somali and Korean, among others. At the same time, a large body of literature on text varieties in Brazilian Portuguese exists, but previous research focusses on specific aspects of one, or at the most, a few varieties at a time and, therefore, does not present a comprehensive picture of register use in the linguistic community of Brazilian Portuguese speakers. In this study, we attempt to fill this gap by employing the MD framework, enabling researchers to account for a large number of different registers, based on a wide repertory of linguistic features. The analysis revealed six dimensions of variation, which are presented, illustrated and discussed here.

scholarly journals Cinema and Cyberphobia: Internet Tropes in Film and Television

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Lauren Rosewarne
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
The Web

Despite the widespread embrace of the Internet and the second nature way we each turn to Google for information, to social media to see our friends, to netporn and Netflix for recreation, film and television tells a very different story. On screen, a character dating online, gaming online or shopping online, invariably serves as a clue that they’re somewhat troubled: they may be a socially excluded nerd at one end of the spectrum, through to being a paedophile or homicidal maniac seeking prey at the other. On screen, the Internet is frequently presented as a clue, a risk factor and a rationale for a character’s deviance or danger. While the Internet has come to play a significant role in screen narratives, an undercurrent of many depictions – in varying degrees of fervour – is that the Web is complicated, elusive and potentially even hazardous. This paper draws from research conducted for my book Cyberbullies, Cyberactivists, Cyberpredators: Film, TV, and Internet Stereotypes (Rosewarne, 2016). While that volume provided an analysis of the denizens of the Internet through the examination of over 500 film and television examples – profiling screen stereotypes such as netgeeks, neckbeards, and netaddicts – this paper focuses on some of the recurring themes in portrayals of the Internet, shedding light on the how, and perhaps most importantly why, the fear of the technology is so common. This paper presents a series of themes used to frame the Internet as negative on screen including dehumanisation, the Internet as a badlands, the Web as possessing inherent vulnerabilities and the cyberbogeyman.

scholarly journals Evoke

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 318-358
Author(s):  
Sander Stolk
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Linked Data ◽  
English Studies ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Digital Resources ◽  
Powerful Research Tool ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
The Web

Abstract This article provides an introduction to the web application Evoke. This application offers functionality to navigate, view, extend, and analyse thesaurus content. The thesauri that can be navigated in Evoke are expressed in Linguistic Linked Data, an interoperable data form that enables the extension of thesaurus content with custom labels and allows for the linking of thesaurus content to other digital resources. As such, Evoke is a powerful research tool that facilitates its users to perform novel cultural linguistic analyses over multiple sources. This article further demonstrates the potential of Evoke by discussing how A Thesaurus of Old English was made available in the application and how this has already been adopted in the field of Old English studies. Lastly, the author situates Evoke within a number of recent developments in the field of Digital Humanities and its applications for onomasiological research.

scholarly journals The Invasive Niche, a Multidisciplinary Concept Illustrated by Gorse (Ulex Europaeus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Atlan ◽  
Nathalie Udo
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ulex Europaeus ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Invasive Status ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
The One ◽  
The Web

This study analyzes the natural and social factors influencing the emergence and publicization of the invasive status of a fast growing bush, gorse (Ulex europaeus), by comparison between countries on a global scale. We used documents collected on the web in a standardized way. The results show that in all the countries studied, there are several public statuses attributed to gorse. The invasive status is the one that is most shared. The other most frequently encountered status are those of noxious weed, and of economically useful. The invasive status is publicized in nearly all countries, including those where gorse is almost absent. We quantified the publicization of the invasive gorse status of gorse by an indicator with 5 levels, and then performed a multivariate analysis that combines natural and social explanatory variables. The results lead us to propose the concept of invasive niche: the set of natural and social parameters that allow a species to be considered invasive in a given socio-ecosystem.

scholarly journals Secure ASP.NET Web Application by Discovering Broken Authentication and Session Management Vulnerabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-363
Author(s):  
Rupal Sharma ◽  
Ravi Sheth
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Application Security ◽  
Application Security ◽  
Security Vulnerability ◽  
Session Management ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Web

Today, web application security is most significant battlefield between victim, attacker and resource of web service. The owner of web applications can’t see security vulnerability in web application which develops in ASP.NET. This paper explain one algorithm which aim to identify broken authentication and session management vulnerability. The given method of this paper scan the web application files. The created scanner generator relies on studying the source character of the application limited ASP.NET files and the code be beholden files. A program develop for this motive is to bring about a report which describes vulnerabilities types by mentioning the indict name, disclose description and its location. The aim of the paper is to discover the broken authentication and session management vulnerabilities. The indicated algorithm will uphold organization and developer to repair the vulnerabilities and recover from one end to the other security.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PROJECT 5-100 ON THE UNIVERSITY’S PUBLICATION ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Rudenko ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
University Employees ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The University ◽  
The Web

The aim of the study is to estimate the effect of the Russian academic excellence project (Project 5-100) on the publication activity of the University of Tyumen, measured by the number of articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database. The hypothesis of the research is that there is a positive causal relationship between the number of published articles and the University’s participation in Project 5-100. This impact was estimated empirically for the University of Tyumen while the other university participants (31 universities) were taken as a control group. Counterfactual scenarios are used to find the number of articles that the university employees would have published in the absence of Project 5-100. Thus, it is shown that, despite the failure to meet the goal of entering the top 200 of world universities in the ranking for ecology and agricultural biology, the University of Tyumen benefited from its participation in Project 5-100: its number of publications, especially in journals of the first and second quartile, has been growing faster than in the control group of universities.

What Does E- add to Democracy?

2014 ◽  
pp. 200-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Mindus
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Internet Politics ◽  
Online Politics ◽  
The One ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Web ◽  
Current Emphasis

Technologies carry politics since they embed values. It is therefore surprising that mainstream political and legal theory have taken the issue so lightly. Compared to what has been going on over the past few decades in the other branches of practical thought, namely ethics, economics, and the law, political theory lags behind. Yet the current emphasis on Internet politics that polarizes the apologists holding the Web to overcome the one-to-many architecture of opinion building in traditional representative democracy, and the critics who warn that cyber-optimism entails authoritarian technocracy has acted as a wake up call. This chapter sets the problem, “What is it about ICTs, as opposed to previous technical devices, that impact on politics and determine uncertainty about democratic matters?,” into the broad context of practical philosophy by offering a conceptual map of clusters of micro-problems and concrete examples relating to “e-democracy.” The point is to highlight when and why the hyphen of e-democracy has a conjunctive or a disjunctive function in respect to stocktaking from past experiences and settled democratic theories. The chapter's claim is that there is considerable scope to analyse how and why online politics fail or succeed. The field needs both further empirical and theoretical work.

Enhancing the Daily Routines of Equine Veterinarians Using Mobile Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 194-213
Author(s):  
Sonja Leskinen
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Support System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Mobile Interface ◽  
Horse Owners ◽  
The Web

The goal of this paper is to introduce and understand the equine veterinarians' needs in their daily routines and develop a web-based support system to promote their work. An equine veterinarian works in both clinic and stable environments, which requires resilience and smart functionality from the support system's interfaces. Especially when horse treatment is in the stable environment, a mobile interface is required. The development of the system must also take into account the needs of the other stakeholders around horses. This paper introduces the requirements to develop a mobile interface for the web-based support system, m-equine. The trial of m-equine will start with an influenza vaccination protocol that is used by veterinarians, horse owners and riders as well as competition organizers. In conclusion the future developments and added values of the system are introduced.

Internet in Marketing Strategy in Greek Tourism Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Inexperienced User ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Web

The web tourists have the chance to do comparative e – travel shopping from suppliers from all over the world fast and easily. Based on this assumption, the purpose of this study is to examine whether internet is a powerful communicational tool for people over the other forms of gathering information for a destination. Furthermore a main objective is to identify whether the available information in the web can promote adequately Greece. Results of the study confirmed that internet is a powerful communicational tool in tourism industry, as per young people’s perspectives. However, booking a holiday through the web might be tricky for an inexperienced user. The negative aspects of e –bookings are the factors that reinforce the validity of the other sources of information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document