scholarly journals A study of dialogic expansion and contraction in spoken discourse using corpus and experimental techniques

Corpora ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Põldvere ◽  
Matteo Fuoli ◽  
Carita Paradis
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Appraisal Theory ◽  
First Person ◽  
British English ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dialogic Space

This study examines the dialogic functions of expansion and contraction of first-person epistemic and evidential Complement-Taking Predicate (CTP) constructions, such as I think complement, I suppose complement and I know complement, in spoken discourse. It combines corpus and experimental methods (i) to investigate whether CTP constructions are used to open up the dialogic space for new ideas or counterarguments, or to fend off alternative views, and (ii) to identify what contextual factors play a role in determining the dialogic force of the constructions. First, an exploratory analysis of CTP constructions in the London–Lund Corpus (LLC) of spoken British English is carried out with the aim to identify important contextual factors and generate hypotheses about their dialogic effects. Then, a laboratory experiment is conducted to test the impact of the three most prominent factors for speakers' interpretations of utterances containing CTPs. The results indicate that CTP constructions do not only serve to expand the dialogic context in which they occur, but also to restrict alternative views. Interlocutor status, the co-occurrence of other stance markers and prosodic marking of first-person CTP are shown to have a significant effect on the dialogic function of the expressions. These findings call into question some claims in appraisal theory about the role of CTP constructions in discourse, and highlight the need for a flexible approach to the analysis of these poly-functional stance expressions.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

OP71 Understanding Hospitals’ Performance Variability: Conceptual Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Americo Cicchetti ◽  
Marco Marchetti ◽  
Irene Gabutti ◽  
Stefania Boccia ◽  
Maria Lucia Specchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Managerial Accounting ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionUnderstanding of the role of contextual factors in determining the real value of health technologies is one of the major challenges for the use of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) methodology within hospitals. Moreover, the responsibility of assessing hospital performance is problematic. Although a number of managerial tools are available to appraise outcomes, there is little evidence on the role of contextual variables and how they might contribute to hospital performance.MethodsBased on three extensive literature reviews, a pragmatic framework has been developed to understand interactions between organizational factors and health technologies on hospitals’ performance. Three main causal relationships emerge: (i) direct relationship between contextual factors and performance; (ii) an effect of contextual factors on the capability of technologies to “produce value”; (iii) an influence of organizational factors on clinical evidence-based decision-making. This pragmatic framework was designed within the IMPACT HTA EU Horizon 2020 Research Project.ResultsThe contextual dimensions are ascribable to five domains: organizational structure; managerial accounting tools; information, communication and technology (ICT) tools; human resource management (HRM) tools; hospital-based HTA procedures. The impact of contextual factors on technologies’ ability to produce value is highly overlooked in literature. Some effort in this sense exists only in the analysis of health information technologies. Moreover, among the contextual dimensions, only HRM tools have inspired a lively debate. The definition of hospital performance is amenable to multiple domains: accessibility, appropriateness, efficiency, safety and patient centeredness (continuity of care).ConclusionsAlthough hospital performance is a pivotal topic in the healthcare sector, a deep understanding of how contextual factors may affect it is missing. The theoretical framework developed provides a tool to understand the multiple dimensions able to affect hospital performance. On one hand contextual dimensions may provide a direct effect on hospital performance. On the other, they may affect the extent to which technologies are capable of producing value.

Timing is everything: The role of contextual and terrorism-specific factors in the sentencing outcomes of terrorist offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Amirault ◽  
Martin Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Temporal Effect ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

The punishment of terrorist offenders remains a relatively unexplored topic. Research is especially needed in the United Kingdom in light of the continued criminalization of terrorism-specific offences and the July 2005 bombings. Using a sample of terrorist offenders convicted in the United Kingdom ( n = 156), the current study examines the impact of legislative and incident-based contextual factors on sentencing outcomes. The findings indicate that changing contextual environments significantly affect sentencing outcomes, and that the effects of being adjudicated at different time points have unique implications for offenders motivated by an Islamic extremist ideology. Further, evidence of a temporal effect is uncovered, and the potential of a lingering 9/11 effect is addressed.

scholarly journals Communication Technologies and their Effect on Cultural Homogeneity, Consensus, and the Diffusion of New Ideas

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Carley
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Message Complexity ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Impact

A view of communication technologies as creating artificial agents and affecting the information-processing capabilities of agents is forwarded The constructural theory is adapted to account for agents varying in their information-processing capabilities and, hence, to account for technology. Given this theoretical modification, the constructural model is used to examine the impact of different communication technologies and sociocultural landscapes on the rate at which information diffuses and the time it takes for the society to reach cultural homogeneity and consensus. The findings suggest that as the available communication technologies change, the role of the sociocultural landscape in effecting social change varies. Paradoxically, this research suggests that mass-communication technologies that enable greater competition among messages and greater message complexity will enable faster information diffusion than will those technologies that inhibit competition and message complexity.

Conceptualizing and measuring the impact of contextual factors in instructed SLA – the role of language prominence

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Housen ◽  
Els Schoonjans ◽  
Sonja Janssens ◽  
Aurélie Welcomme ◽  
Ellen Schoonheere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instructed Sla

scholarly journals How to Testify to the Emergence of an Idea in Conversation: Methodological Avenues for Exploring Children’s Interviews

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Christine Sorsana
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Person ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Third Person ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Impact

In line with socioconstructivist works analysing the impact of social interactions on cognitive development, the present study discusses how to capture, describe, and analyse the emergent co-production of new ideas or creative cognitive solutions. After introducing the methodologies that are currently used in this field, we recall the relevance of pragmatic analyses of conversations. We then identify several possible methodologies for probing and finely analysing the emergence of children’s new thinking, by cross-referencing third-person (i.e., from the researcher’s point of view) and first-person (i.e., from the children’s point of view, following an explicitation interview) analyses.

scholarly journals PRACTICING THE INTRAPRENEURSHIP: A CASE OF SERVICE-SECTOR FIRMS IN PAKISTAN

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Akbar Khan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Business World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose-Purpose of this study was to identify the level of existence of intrapreneurship among the service sectors organizations in Pakistan. The study entailed evaluation of awareness among the organizations' members regarding the concept of intrapreneurship, the determinants of intrapreneurship in these organizations and the role of intrapreneurship in determining the profitability of those organizations. Existence and prospects of intrapreneurship among the Pakistani organizations were sought in the backdrop of increasing dynamism in business world that makes for them mandatory to become adaptive to new ideas, approaches and attitudes. Hence, fast and cost-effective innovation has become imperative for organizations that want to maintain their competitive advantage and leadership in the industry. Methodology/Sample- The study sample comprised of 15 large organizations selected randomly from five sectors: banking, telecommunication, insurance, restaurants and healthcare; 2-3 firms randomly selected from each sector. 100 questionnaires were distributed among 6-8 employees from the selected organizations. Return on the questionnaires was 66%. Findings- Results of the study provided an overall view of various service sector organizations' entrepreneurial ability and outlook and explored the impact of intrapreneurship on organizations' overall performance and employee motivation. Practical Implication- The study is believed to be useful in ascertaining adaptability of firms to foster and implement innovativeness in response to their changing external and internal environment and its impact on employee and organizational performance.

scholarly journals The relevance of the metaphor of God as Father in a democratic, non-sexist and religious society: An African Christian perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leepo Modise ◽  
Hannelie Wood
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Father Figure ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Attributes Of God ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
God The Father ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

This article consists of four parts. Firstly, the article indicates the impact of the ancient contextual factors of using Father as an attribute of God. The position and role of males and females in the ancient times is highlighted to give clear background why the human authors of the Scripture made use of the ‘father figure’ as the attribute of God. Secondly, attention is given to the revelation of Scripture that God has revealed God-self and how human writers encode the message to suit their context. Thirdly, the question of the relevancy of using God the Father as an attribute of God within a democratic, non-sexist society, and amidst complicated family lives, is addressed. Fourthly, recommendations are made on the multi-faceted attributes of God that can be used interchangeably within the given context. The article argues that God as Spirit is neither male nor female, but incorporeal, and therefore transcends all creation because God is the creator God and cannot be confined to any gender, colour or race.

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