Transformation of ‘Culture’: From Anti-Fascism to Anti-Totalitarianism

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Helmut Peitsch ◽  
Dirk Wiemann
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Individual Project ◽  
Post War ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Olaf Stapledon

Focusing on a selection of reports and comments on a range of international cultural conferences held between 1941 and 1949, this article traces how the deployment of the term ‘culture’ underwent significant changes that tie in with the consolidation and subsequent Cold-War collapse of the anti-fascist consensus. As a consequence of the emergent hegemony of an anti-totalitarian orthodoxy in the Western sphere of influence, the few individuals who, like Olaf Stapledon or Hans Mayer, attempted to mediate between the ideological blocs found themselves increasingly isolated between the enemy lines. The process of polarization that increasingly rendered such individual project futile is manifest in the agendas of the cultural conferences at Wrocław, Paris and New York as well as in the reports and commentary in the most influential German post-war journals.

Meriel Talbot and the Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women, 1919–1937

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Bonnie White
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Service ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
British Government ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
Post War ◽  
Selection Of

In 1917 the British government began making plans for post-war adjustments to the economy, which included the migration of surplus women to the dominions. The Society for the Overseas Settlement of British Women was established in 1920 to facilitate the migration of female workers to the dominions. Earlier studies have argued that overseas emigration efforts purposefully directed women into domestic service as surplus commodities, thus alleviating the female ‘surplus’ and easing economic hardships of the post-war period. This article argues that as Publicity Officer for the SOSBW, Meriel Talbot targeted women she believed would be ideal candidates for emigration, including former members of the Women's Land Army and affiliated groups. With the proper selection of female migrants, Talbot sought to expand work opportunities for women in the dominions beyond domestic service, while reducing the female surplus at home and servicing the connection between state and empire. Dominion authorities, whose demands for migrant labour vacillated between agricultural workers during the war years and domestic servants after 1920, disapproved of Talbot's efforts to migrate women for work in agriculture. Divergent policies led to the early failure of the SOSBW in 1923.

The Unassailable Self: Freud's Image Among Post-war American Intellectuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Jenness
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cold War ◽  
External Force ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Being ◽  
World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Way

This paper explores the way American intellectuals depicted Sigmund Freud during the peak of popularity and prestige of psychoanalysis in the US, roughly the decade and a half following World War II. These intellectuals insisted upon the unassailability of Freud's mind and personality. He was depicted as unsusceptible to any external force or influence, a trait which was thought to account for Freud's admirable comportment as a scientist, colleague and human being. This post-war image of Freud was shaped in part by the Cold War anxiety that modern individuality was imperilled by totalitarian forces, which could only be resisted by the most rugged of selves. It was also shaped by the unique situation of the intellectuals themselves, who were eager to position themselves, like the Freud they imagined, as steadfastly independent and critical thinkers who would, through the very clarity of their thought, lead America to a more robust democracy.

The 1945 World Order – Process with «Open» Continuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-79
Author(s):  
V. T. Yungblud
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
World Order ◽  
International Order ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Bipolar Structure ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Cold War

The Yalta-Potsdam system of international relations, established by culmination of World War II, was created to maintain the security and cooperation of states in the post-war world. Leaders of the Big Three, who ensured the Victory over the fascist-militarist bloc in 1945, made decisive contribution to its creation. This system cemented the world order during the Cold War years until the collapse of the USSR in 1991 and the destruction of the bipolar structure of the organization of international relations. Post-Cold War changes stimulated the search for new structures of the international order. Article purpose is to characterize circumstances of foundations formation of postwar world and to show how the historical decisions made by the leaders of the anti-Hitler coalition powers in 1945 are projected onto modern political processes. Study focuses on interrelated questions: what was the post-war world order and how integral it was? How did the political decisions of 1945 affect the origins of the Cold War? Does the American-centrist international order, that prevailed at the end of the 20th century, genetically linked to the Atlantic Charter and the goals of the anti- Hitler coalition in the war, have a future?Many elements of the Yalta-Potsdam system of international relations in the 1990s survived and proved their viability. The end of the Cold War and globalization created conditions for widespread democracy in the world. The liberal system of international relations, which expanded in the late XX - early XXI century, is currently experiencing a crisis. It will be necessary to strengthen existing international institutions that ensure stability and security, primarily to create barriers to the spread of national egoism, radicalism and international terrorism, for have a chance to continue the liberal principles based world order (not necessarily within a unipolar system). Prerequisite for promoting idea of a liberal system of international relations is the adjustment of liberalism as such, refusal to unilaterally impose its principles on peoples with a different set of values. This will also require that all main participants in modern in-ternational life be able to develop a unilateral agenda for common problems and interstate relations, interact in a dialogue mode, delving into the arguments of opponents and taking into account their vital interests.

Thinking About Rural Development.—By Arther T. Mosher. New York: Agricultural Development Council, Inc., 1976. xii+pp.350.

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Complete List ◽  
Basic Defect ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Selection Of

This book is essentially a selection of the articles written by Arther T. Mosher during his long career as a rural development expert. Also appended at the end is a complete list of writings by him. The Agricultural Development Council has chosen to publish this book to honour the author, who was its President during 1967-1973, The publication of this book is welcome in the context of the recent rediscovery of rural development as a principal plank of need-oriented develop¬ment strategies. A basic defect of writing on rural development has been excessive resort to stereotype rehtoric, over-enthusiasm and a certain pedanticism. Fortunately, Mosher's orientation is practical, not doctrinaire. Although the book is titled "Thinking About Rural Development", the author keeps on bring¬ing together the thinking and practice into their validly interactive perspectives. Not surprisingly so, for the author has himself worked in the field as a rural development practitioner for a considerable length of time.

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