scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ACTIVE SUMMER AND WINTER SPORTS TOURISTS IN A GERMAN HIGHLAND

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alexander Hodeck ◽  
Gregor Hovemann
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
Choice Process ◽  
Sports Tourism ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
And Gender

Research background. During the last decades the importance of sports tourism has risen (e.g. Schwark, 2007). A lot of new destinations have developed and existing destinations have expanded. Gaining information about sports tourists is important for destinations because of the increased competition in that field. On the other hand, the phenomenon of sports tourism has also become the focus of scientific work. Understanding consumers is one major field within this topic (Konu, Laukkanen, Kommpula, 2011). The destination choice process is of particular interest. According to the model of P. Pearce (2005, p. 109) adapted by H. Konu et al. (2011, p. 1098), which is used in this research, internal as well as external factors influence the destination choice process in sports tourism. Sports tourism plays an important role in German highland destinations (Aderhold, 2011). Traditionally, these destinations concentrate on winter sports tourism. As a consequence of climate and demographic changes, creating all-year marketing strategies is important. At the same time, there is a lack of knowledge regarding studies dealing with the comparison of sports tourists of different seasons. Research aim. This study deals with internal factors influencing destination choice and tourism behaviour of active sports tourists. The main objective of this research was to investigate whether there were differences between active sports tourists in summer and winter or not. Therefore, active summer and winter sports tourists of one German highland destination (Ore Mountains) were compared. Methods. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire during one winter and one summer season. Differences between active summer and winter sports tourists regarding sociodemographic variables were examined firstly. Afterwards a factor analysis (PCA with varimax rotation) was used to reduce internal factors (motives) in order to investigate whether there were differences regarding the destination choice process. Finally, travel behaviour of active sports tourists was analysed. Significance of differences was statistically proved by analysis of contingency, t-test or Welch-test. Results and conclusions. Active summer and winter sports tourists of the Ore Mountains do not differ regarding age and gender. Out of 15 motives influencing the destination choice process six factors could be extracted. Summer and winter sports tourists differ only in two of them from each other. There are differences regarding the length of stay, travelled distance to destination and expenditure within the destination. Active sports tourists in winter stay longer, travel a longer distance to reach the Ore Mountains and spend more money there. As a conclusion, developing allyear marketing strategies for active sports tourists of one destination seems to be helpful, as tourists of different seasons are comparable. Of course, this study can provide only initial information about the comparison of active sports tourists of different seasons. In order to generalize the findings, further research should be done. Keywords: sports tourism, highlands, active sports tourists, destination choice process.

scholarly journals Destination Choice In German Winter Sport Tourism: Empirical Findings

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Hodeck ◽  
Gregor Hovemann
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Sport Tourism ◽  
Winter Sport ◽  
Knowledge Deficit

Abstract Introduction. Despite the fact that sport tourism plays an important role in upland destinations, as a field of research it is still characterised by a knowledge deficit. Material and methods. Active winter sport tourists at two upland destinations were compared in terms of socio-demographic variables, the importance of destination choice criteria, and travel behaviour in order to give recommendations to destination management organisations. Conclusions. There were significant differences between tourists at the two destinations. Consequently, advantages may be gained from the development of destination-specific marketing strategies.

scholarly journals Data on gender representation in food and beverage print advertisements found in corner stores from Guatemala and Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucila Rozas ◽  
Peter Busse ◽  
Joaquin Barnoya ◽  
Alejandra Garrón
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
General Information ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Gender Representation ◽  
Print Advertising ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Print Advertisements ◽  
Corner Stores ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objectives Data on gender representation in food and beverage advertisements may allow for a better understanding of how the food industry is targeting different audiences based on gender. Nonetheless, scant research on food and beverage print advertising with a gender approach has been conducted. Therefore, we sought to assess the prevalence of gender focus in print advertisements found inside corner stores in two cities: Guatemala City, Guatemala, and Lima, Peru. Data description We developed two complementary datasets as part of the study: (1) a dataset of digital photographs of 200 food and beverage print advertisements found in corner stores located near schools (100 ads per country selected according to criteria such as product type, image quality, and uniqueness); (2) a quantitative dataset with data of the content analysis of these photographs. We employed 19 variables to record the general information and gender assessment of the ads. These datasets should allow scholars and public officials to identify gender-specific marketing strategies of the food industry that might impact children’s and adolescents’ nutrition differently.

Risk perception and visit intention on Olympic destination: Symmetric and asymmetric approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 135676672199598
Author(s):  
Yeongbae Choe ◽  
Hany Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Target Marketing ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Mass Marketing

Tourists’ risk perceptions have been studied extensively in tourism literature and are considered an important factor influencing destination choice. However, despite the extensive research, many earlier studies using symmetric approaches have not adequately succeeded in addressing the contrarian case – high visit intention despite having negative perceptions. Therefore, this study utilised both symmetric and asymmetric approaches to address the effects of tourists’ perceptions (i.e. risk perception, image, and attitude) and demographic factors on their visit intention. While the symmetric approach showed that Zika-related perceptions did not have an impact on destination visits, in the asymmetric approach, these same perceptions significantly influenced both high and low visit intentions. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of risk perceptions by highlighting the differences between the two methodological approaches. Destination marketers could utilise these findings to develop both mass marketing and target marketing strategies.

scholarly journals Adolescent Perception of Lowland Rice Farming at Cileungsi Village, Ciawi Subdistrict, Bogor Regency

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Yoshinta Meilina ◽  
Ratri Virianita
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Adolescent Perceptions ◽  
And Gender

Cileungsi Village, Ciawi Subdistrict, Bogor Regency is one of the potential areas of lowland rice farming. Adolescent of Cileungsi Village as the age of the workforce will be observed for their perceptions in farming. This research aims to identify the characteristics of adolescents and their environment, to analyze adolescent perceptions of lowland rice farming and factors which related with the adolescent of Cileungsi Village perception. The method of this research is survey method. The result obtained by the internal factors (educational level and gender) related with adolescent of the village’s perception (role and work comfort) about lowland rice farming.Keywords:  lowland rice, perception, adolescent--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRAKDesa Cileungsi, Kecamatan Ciawi, Kabupaten Bogor, merupakan salah satu daerah yang memiliki potensi alam yang mendukung untuk pertanian padi sawah. Remaja Desa Cileungsi sebagai salah satu orang dengan usia yang termasuk dalam angkatan kerja, akan diteliti persepsinya terhadap pekerjaan di sektor pertanian padi sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik remaja dan karakteristik lingkungan remaja di Desa Cileungsi, menganalisis persepsi remaja Desa Cileungsi terhadap pekerjaan di sektor pertanian padi sawah, dan mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan persepsi remaja Desa Cileungsi terhadap pekerjaan di sektor pertanian padi sawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian survei. Adapun hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu faktor internal (tingkat pendidikan dan jenis kelamin) berhubungan dengan persepsi remaja Desa Cileungsi (dalam hal peranan dan kenyamanan kerja) terhadap pekerjaan di sektor pertanian padi sawah.Kata kunci: padi sawah, persepsi, remaja

scholarly journals Factores externos e internos influyentes en la variación de /θs/ en la ciudad de Sevilla

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana Santana Marrero
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Proper Noun ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
North Central ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
And Gender

RESUMEN: El estudio del fonema /θs/ en muestras de habla recientes de la ciudad de Sevilla revelan la convivencia de sus variantes vernáculas divergentes (patrones de seseo, ceceo y jejeo) con realizaciones convergentes (escisión fonemática /s/ → [s] : /θ/ → [θ]). Esta última pauta pone de manifi esto la permeabilidad de rasgos de pronunciación procedentes del español centro-norteño, habitualmente asociado al modelo de prestigio lingüístico. En esta investigación se analizan estos procesos de variación a partir de los materiales de PRESEEA-Sevilla, recopilados entre los años 2009 y 2017. Concretamente, la alternancia de los alófonos se pone en relación con factores externos (nivel educativo, edad y sexo de los informantes de la muestra) y con factores internos (sonidos sibilantes en el entorno silábico cercano y tipo de sustantivo, común o propio). Los resultados revelan los cambios que se están produciendo actualmente en el habla de la capital hispalense, con un avance progresivo del patrón conservador /s/ → [s] : /θ/ → [θ], liderado especialmente por algunos sectores poblacionales como los hablantes con grado de instrucción alta y las mujeres. Por su parte, el tradicional patrón seseante pervive con fuerza entre los sujetos con nivel de estudios bajo, en estrecha lucha con la pauta convergente; el ceceo sigue percibiéndose como una norma minoritaria; y el jejeo queda reducido a casos esporádicos asociados a un número concreto de lexías. Se perciben diferentes grados de inseguridad, en tanto que es habitual que un mismo hablante combine, en distinta proporción, más de una variante en sus intervenciones. Por último, los factores internos no fueron especialmente determinantes, con cierta incidencia de la asimilación progresiva y, en algunos casos, del sustantivo propio.ABSTRACT: The study of the phoneme /θs/ in speaking samples recently taken in Seville reveals the coexistence between its divergent vernacular variants (seseo, ceceo and jejeo patterns) and the convergent realizations (phonemic division /s/ → [s] : /θ/ → [θ]). This aspect indicates a fl exible absorption of the pronunciation characteristics which come from north-central Spain, often associated with the linguistic standard. This investigation compiles a complete analysis of these variation processes included in PRESEEA-Seville corpus, collected between 2009 and 2017. Specifi cally, the alternation of the allophones depends on both extralinguistic factors, such as the informants’ educational level, age and gender; and linguistic parameters as is the case of sibilant sounds connecting with the nearby syllabus, or proper and common nouns. The results show how the spoken Spanish in Seville is constantly changing according to the conservatory patterns /s/ → [s]: /θ/ → [θ], which is led by certain population sectors such as high sociolects and women. As for, the seseo is highly used amongst low sociolects, counteracting with the convergent norm; the ceceo is still conceived as a minority rule; and the jejeo is scarcely associated to a particular number of words. A certain degree of insecurity is observed, in such a way that the same speaker combines, in different proportions, more than just one variant. Finally, the internal factors weren’t quite determinative, excepting the infl uence of the progressive assimilation, and, in some cases, of the proper noun.

scholarly journals Occurrence and seasonal variation of human Plasmodium infection in Punjab Province, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi ◽  
Huma Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Aamir Ali Khattak ◽  
Muhammad Ali Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
And Gender ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

Abstract Background Malaria is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Pakistan is considered as a moderate malaria-endemic country but still, 177 million individuals are at risk of malaria. Roughly 60% of Pakistan’s population, live in malaria-endemic regions. The present study is based upon the survey of various health care centers in 10 major cities of Northern and Southern Punjab to find out the malarial infection patterns in 2015. The diagnosis, seasonal variations, age and gender-wise distribution of Plasmodium spp. circulating in the study area were also included in the objectives. Methods The malaria-suspected patients ‘16075’ were enrolled for malaria diagnosis using microscopy, out of which 925 were malaria positive which were processed for molecular analysis using nested PCR. The 18S rRNA genes of Plasmodium species were amplified, sequenced, blast and the phylogenetic tree was constructed based on sequences using online integrated tool MEGA7. Results The 364 cases recruited from Northern Punjab with the highest incidence in Rawalpindi (25.5%) and lowest in Chakwal (15.9%). From Southern Punjab 561 cases were enlisted Rajanpur (21.4%) maximum and lowest from Multan and Rahim Yar Khan (18%). The slide positivity rate, annual parasite incidence, and annual blood examination rates were 5.7 per 1000 population, 0.1, and 0.2% respectively. The only P. vivax (66.7%), P. falciparum (23.7%) and mixed infection by these two species (9.6%) were diagnosed. The same trend (P. vivax > P. falciparum > mixed infection) in species identification %age was confirmed from molecular analysis. However, the occurrence of malaria was higher in Southern Punjab (5.5%) as compared to the Northern Punjab (4.0%). The overall malaria percentage occurrence of treatment-seeking patients in all recruited cities of Punjab was 4.9%. The age-group of 1–20 and males among genders were more affected by malaria. The comparison of different seasons showed that the malaria infection was at a peak in Summer and post-monsoon. Conclusion The incidence of malaria was high in the flood infected rural areas of Southern Punjab, Summer, and post-monsoon. The age group (1–20) and gender-wise males were more affected by malaria.

scholarly journals Food Marketing, Eating Behaviors and Gender Among Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Castronuovo ◽  
Leila Guarnieri ◽  
Victoria Tiscornia ◽  
Lorena Allemandi
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Advertising Content

Abstract Background Pervasive marketing of unhealthy foods is one of the main drivers behind the global epidemic of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity. Sex and gender differences come into play in the design of and responses to these marketing strategies, contributing to the perpetuation of stereotyped behavior and generating disparities in food choices and health among boys and girls. The purpose of this paper is to review the current the literature regarding gender differences in food marketing design and perception among children and adolescents to facilitate evidence-based policy dialogues to address gender-based health disparities in NCD prevention.Methods Scoping review of articles published in scientific journals in English and Spanish from 2003 on that addressed the influence of food marketing on eating behaviors among children and adolescents including a gender perspective. The methodological quality of each article was assessed following criteria specific to each study design.Results A total of 40 articles (42 studies) were included in the review. 19 were experimental and 23 had descriptive, cross-sectional designs. 22 studies were found to have low methodological quality, while 11 and 9 were of medium and high quality, respectively. 24 studies found gender-based differences with regards to the effect of food marketing on food intake, food choice and preferences, responses to specific marketing strategies and techniques, perceptions and attitudes towards food marketing and the need for its regulation, and advertising content and exposure. Conclusions The evidence suggests that food marketing has a similar impact on the consumption of unhealthy foods on both boys and girls, but boys were found to be exposed to food advertising more intensively and their preferences to be more affected by this exposure, in line with a mostly male-dominant advertising content. Limitations of these studies include taking gender as an unproblematic construct equivalent to biological sex and the lack of studies focused on developing countries. As gender is a cross-sectional dimension that interacts with other factors driving health disparities, an integrated gender perspective is needed in order to develop effective, evidence-based policies to control food marketing and tackle the childhood overweight pandemic.

scholarly journals Criticisms of Normalized Marketing Strategies: An In-Depth Analysis of Inherent Racism and Gender Conformity in the World of RuPaul’s Drag Race

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Houston ◽  
Marty Fink
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Promotional Material ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Gender Conformity ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

This paper showcases how inherent racism and gender conformity are enforced by the RuPaul’s Drag Race franchise via promotional material, episode content, types of queens featured and judges’ commentary between the first and ninth season of the television series. The research aims to understand how the shift from a once LGBTQ+ specific market to a mainstream audience has further perpetuated the idealized forms of beauty and femininity. The content analysis of the first and ninth season showcases how RPDR is seeking to fit a pre-constructed stereotype created by the ‘imagined’ heteronormative/cisgender audience since becoming mainstream. Viewers are comfortable with consuming content that exists in their current environment or in which they can relate to, which makes it difficult to celebrate queens that deviate from heteronormativity at the franchise level. With the shift from Logo TV to VH1, LGBTQ+ focused companies are losing opportunities for sponsorship and marketing directly to their intended niche audience. Overall, the television series is supposed to be put in place to celebrate LGBTQ+ culture and to be a progressive step in which minorities are being showcased in mainstream media, but they are not being conveyed in an accurate or justified manner. Queens such as Shea Couleé, Peppermint and Valentina are essentially robbed of their chance to win RPDR due to their race, and in Peppermint’s case specifically, her transness.

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