scholarly journals Laboratory Assessments and Field Tests in Predicting Competitive Performance of Swimmers

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Judita Zuozienė ◽  
Jonas Poderys
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Dynamical Parameters

Research background and hypothesis. The assessments of functional fitness of swimmers includes the analyses of the physical, physiological and biomechanical indices for scientific purposes. The hypothesis is that dynamical parameters registered while performing field testing tasks could be more informative than laboratory assessments in predicting the performance abilities. The aim of the study was to compare the informativeness of field tests and laboratory assessments in predicting the possible performance of athletes in the 50 m distance.Research methods. Twelve professional swimmers took part in three testing procedures. First, each participant performed a test in  water to establish the traction force parameters and indices of muscle power and anaerobic capacity. Second, the subjects performed a control 50 m freestyle swim the best they could. Third, the indices of relative muscle power during jumping tasks, anaerobic capacity, and functional indices of cardiovascular system were assessed during laboratory testing.Research results. Significant correlation was found between the results in 50 m swimming and traction forces while performing testing tasks in water or out of water with arms or arms and legs together. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the results in swimming and the height of vertical jump. Still there exists significant correlation (p  < 0.05) between the speed and force components as well as fatigability index and the competition result (r = –0.47; r = 0.56 and r = 0.67, respectively).Discussion and conclusions. Dynamical parameters measured in the swimming pool while performing field tests are more suitable than the data of laboratory research for predicting the results of swimmers in the 50m freestyle swim. The vertical high jump tests and indices of ECG allow distinguishing the factors limiting the working capacity of athletes.Keywords: swimming, functional fitness, field test.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Muscular Performance Indices during the 30‑s Vertical Jump Test in Endurance and Sprint Cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (83) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Trinkūnas ◽  
Alfonsas Buliuolis ◽  
Rita Sadzevičienė ◽  
Birutė Zacharienė
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Muscular Performance ◽  
Assessment Tests ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
The Difference

Research background and hypothesis. According the methodological requirement testing procedures do not modify the main training objectives. It is well known that specificity of performance assessment tests is important if we want to compare performance of different groups tested.Research aim was to find out the peculiarities of muscular performance indices in sprint and endurance cohorts while performing a 30-s vertical jump test.Research methods. The participants of the study were two groups of athletes, i. e. sprint and endurance runners. The participants of the study performed a 30-s vertical jumps test with maximal efforts. The sum of height of all jumps was calculated by a special computerized program and the values in height of jumps, contact time and relative power at onset of workload and at each 5 seconds of the test were analyzed.Research results. The difference between the cohorts in jumps height was statistically significant (p < 0.05) during the whole series of jumps. Athletes’ adaptation to speed-power type of exercising produced higher anaerobic muscle performance indices while performing 30-s duration jumps test. Endurance runners usually demonstrate lower results in jumping than sprint- athletes and they compensate reduced muscular power with prolonged duration of take-off.Discussion and conclusions. Despite some methodological limitations the results of this study show that the assessment of muscular performance indices allows assessing the peculiarities of dynamics of relative muscle power and fatigue.Keywords: endurance and sprint running, muscular performance, vertical jump test.

scholarly journals Vertical jump as a tool in assessment of muscular power and anaerobic performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej Ostojic ◽  
Marko Stojanovic ◽  
Zlatko Ahmetovic
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Muscular Power ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Anaerobic Testing

Muscular strength and anaerobic power could be assessed by single and multiple vertical jump testing procedures. Anaerobic capacity measured by vertical jump testing is highly correlative with athletic performance, as compared to other anaerobic testing procedures. The most frequently used protocol with contact mat or force platform consists of single jump (i.e. squat jump, drop jump, countermovement jump) and serial jump testing with different duration. Measured variables include jump height and duration along with absolute and relative peak muscular power. Several investigators have clearly shown superior jump performance variables in elite athletes as compared to non-elite subjects. Differences obtained could be due to genetic factors and acute or prolonged efects of training regimen.

Driving in the Dust: Challenges and Lessons Learned from Field Testing in Degraded Visual Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1916-1920
Author(s):  
Kayla L. Riegner ◽  
Kelly S. Steelman
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Significant Safety ◽  
Dust Clouds

Degraded visual environments (DVEs) pose significant safety and efficiency problems in military ground vehicle operations. As part of a larger research program, two field tests were conducted to evaluate driving aids while indirect driving in DVEs. The current paper presents the results of one of these field tests, and focuses on the challenges and lessons learned in designing a challenging test course and producing consistent dust clouds for assessing Soldier driving performance and workload in degraded visual environments.

Development of a Reproducible Method of Formulating and Testing Drilling Fluids

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.K. Sinha ◽  
Harvey T. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Asymptotic Values

Abstract Recommendations are made for obtaining consistent and reproducible test data on drilling fluids having identical composition. Previously, such a procedure has been difficult to accomplish even when the fluids were mixed in similar equipment. A survey of work in this area indicates that previous methods have been unsatisfactory because previous methods have been unsatisfactory because (1) the muds are extremely sensitive to the duration and violence of agitation during a normal mixing routine, and (2) gelling of the muds occurs before the properties can reach constant values. This gelling is caused by water evaporation resulting from the increase in temperature associated with the agitation. The work shows that these problems largely can be overcome by (1) agitating the constituents of the drilling fluid more vigorously, (2) maintaining a fairly constant temperature, and(3) Protecting the fluid from evaporation. When these steps are followed, the fluid properties approach asymptotic values that do not change by prolonged or accelerated agitation or by aging for a month. The time required to reach asymptotic values or a stabilized state is from 2 to 6 hours and is a function of the mud composition. Introduction Preparation of drilling fluids in the laboratory to determine their suitability to meet specific drilling requirements or to serve as a base fluid to evaluate the effectiveness of thinners, dispersants or other additives normally begins with combining measured quantities of the constituents and stirring them for a short time in a low-speed mixer. This is done to obtain a uniform mixture and to hydrate clays. Then the fluid is further agitated in a higher-speed device (Hamilton Beach mixer or Waring blender) to disperse more thoroughly and clay particles The biggest obstacle in the laboratory investigation of drilling fluids has been the lack of a method of producing a mixture by which reproducible results of the measured properties could be obtained. Numerous investigators have encountered this difficulty. Prior to 1929, density was the only property of mud that customarily was measured. The use of Wyoming bentonite on a large scale after 1929 was mainly responsible for the development of more elaborate testing procedures and for the application of the principles of colloid chemistry to the drilling fluids. Ambrose and Loomis in 1931 were among the first to recognize the plastic flow characteristics of drilling fluids, although Bingham in 1916 had observed The same phenomenon with dilute clay suspensions. Marsh introduced the Marsh funnel for field testing in 1931. By this time, non-Newtonian characteristics of drilling fluids were established. The Stormer and MacMichael viscometers were used to study the rheological properties of the fluids. In the 1930's and early 1940's, the work conducted by several investigators contributed toward a better understanding of drilling fluids. In the mid 1930's, fluid-loss and the associated mud-cake-forming properties of drilling fluids were recognized as important to the behavior of these fluids. The other properties of drilling fluids, including gel strength, pH, and sand content soon were recognized. In 1937, API published its first recommended procedure for test methods. Since that time, these procedures have been revised periodically. The latest edition, RP-13B, was published in 1961 However, in spite of the recognized need for a method of mixing that provides drilling fluids with stabilized properties, no such method previously has been described. SPEJ P. 403

Strength, Power, and Aerobic Exercise Correlates of 5-km Cross-Country Running Performance in Adolescent Runners

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Cole ◽  
Megan E. Woodruff ◽  
Mary P. Horn ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Cross Country

Relationships between physiological parameters and 5-km running performance were examined in 15 male runners (17.3 ± 0.9 years). Running economy (RE) and blood lactate concentration ([BLa]) at 241.2 m/min, VO2max, velocity at VO2max (vVO2max), vertical jump height and muscle power, and isokinetic knee extension strength at 60°/sec and 240°/sec were measured. The participants’ best 5-km race time over the last month of the cross-country season (16.98 ± 0.76 min) was used in the analysis. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients. Significant relationships to run time were observed for VO2max (r = -.53), RE (r = .55), and vVO2max (r = -.66), but not [BLa], isokinetic muscle torque, or vertical jump. Identifying the unique strength and power characteristics related to running performance in this age group is warranted.

Short-term Creatine Supplementation Improves Maximum Quadriceps Contraction in Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Kambis ◽  
Sarah K. Pizzedaz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Post Test

Creatine monohydrate (CrH2O) supplementation has been demonstrated to increase skeletal muscle power output in men. However, its effect upon women is not as clearly defined. This study investigated the effect of oral creatine supplementation upon muscle function, thigh circumference, and body weight in women. Twenty-two consenting college-age women were assigned to 1 of 2 groups matched for dietary and exercise habits, phase of menstrual cycle, and fat-free mass (FFM). After familiarization with testing procedures, pretrial measures of muscle function (5 repetitions 60 deg · s−1 and 50 repetitions 180 deg · s−1) were conducted during maximal voluntary concentric contraction of the preferred quadriceps muscle using an isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects then ingested 0.5 g · kg−1 FFM of either CrH2O or placebo (one fourth dosage 4 times daily) in a double-blind design for 5 days. Resistance exercise was prohibited. After the ingestion phase was completed, all measures were repeated at the same time of day as during pretrials. Statistical analysis revealed time to peak torque in quadriceps extension decreased from pre-test values of 255 ± 11 ms (mean ± SEM) to post-test values of 223 ± 3 ms; average power in extension increased from 103 ± 7 W pre-test to 112 ± 7 W post-test; and, during flexion, average power increased from 59 ± 5 W pre-test to 65 ± 5 W post-test in the creatine group as compared to controls (p ≤ .05). FFM, percent body fat, mid-quadriceps circumference, skinfold thickness of the measured thigh, and total body weight did not change for both groups between trials. We conclude that CrH2O improves muscle performance in women without significant gains in muscle volume or body weight.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art-Review of Collapsible Soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. AL-Rawas
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Collapsible Soils ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Compaction Control

Collapsible soils are encountered in arid and semi-arid regions. Such soils cause potential construction problems due to their collapse upon wetting. The collapse phenomenon is primarily related to the open structure of the soil. Several soil collapse classifications based on parameters such as moisture content, dry density, Atterberg limits and clay content have been proposed in the literature as indicators of the soil collapse potential. Direct measurement of the magnitude of collapse, using laboratory and/or field tests, is essential once a soil showed indications of collapse potential. Treatment methods such as soil replacement, compaction control and chemical stabilization showed significant reduction in the settlement of collapsible soils. The design of foundations on collapsible soils depends on the depth of the soil, magnitude of collapse and economics of the design. Strip foundations are commonly used when collapsing soil extends to a shallow depth while piles and drilled piers are recommended in cases where the soil extends to several meters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of collapsible soils. These include the different types of collapsible soils, mechanisms of collapse, identification and classification methods, laboratory and field testing, treatment methods and guidelines for foundation design.

scholarly journals Screening of the Argentinean INTA peanut core collection with a molecular marker associated with resistance to Sclerotinia minor Jaggar

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
K.D. Chamberlin ◽  
J.J. Baldessari ◽  
E.M.C. Mamani ◽  
M.V. Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Sclerotinia Minor ◽  
Sclerotinia Blight ◽  
Potential Sources

ABSTRACT Cultivated peanut, the third most important oilseed in the world, is consistently threatened by various diseases and pests. Sclerotinia minor Jagger (S. minor), the causal agent of Sclerotinia blight, is a major threat to peanut production in many countries and can reduce yield by up to 50% in severely infested fields. Host plant resistance will provide the most effective solution to managing Sclerotinia blight, but limited sources of resistance to the disease are available for use in breeding programs. Peanut germplasm collections are available for exploration and identification of new sources of resistance, but traditionally the process is lengthy, requiring years of field testing before those potential sources can be identified. Molecular markers associated with phenotypic traits can speed up the screening of germplasm accessions. The objective of this study was to genotype the peanut core collection of the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Manfredi, Argentina, with a molecular marker associated with Sclerotinia blight resistance. One hundred and fifty-four (154) accessions from the collection were available and genotyped using the Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker. Accessions from each botanical variety type represented in the core collection were identified as new potential sources of resistance and targeted for further evaluation in field tests for Sclerotinia blight resistance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Quadriceps Kinesio Taping on the Anaerobic Muscle Power and Anaerobic Threshold of Active Male Students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Behboodi ◽  
Marefat Siahkohian ◽  
Mohsen Barghamadi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Kinesio Taping ◽  
Functional Value

Introdution: The Purpose of this study examined the effect of Kinesio taping the quadriceps femurs muscle of active students on anaerobic muscle power (AMP) and the anaerobic threshold (AT) to analyze the functional value of taping on athletic performance capacity. Methods: Twenty eight male healthy students with a mean age of 22.02±2.2 years were enrolled in this study voluntarily and randomly divided into two groups of taping (n=13) and control (n=15) groups. The anaerobic muscle power (AMP) was measured by the Wingate test, and the anaerobic threshold of participants was measured by a dependent maximal treadmill protocol (Conconi Test) with a week gap. Kinesio tapes, 5 cm in width, were applied to quadriceps femurs muscles of participants. The anaerobic threshold was evaluated after 7 days taping, then after 7 days, the anaerobic muscle power was re-evaluated. Normality of data and homogeneity were tested by Shapiro–Wilk test. Paired sample t-test for within groups and independent t-test for between groups comparison were used to analyses the hypotheses (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between pre and posttest of total time, total distance, maximum velocity, LTP1, anaerobic capacity, maximum power and anaerobic capacity ratio after taping. There were no significant differences between pre and posttest in the control group. Conclusion: Taping of the quadriceps femurs muscle of active students was effective on the anaerobic muscle power and the anaerobic threshold, indicating its beneficial effects for athletic performance

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