scholarly journals Assessment of Physical Working Capacity of Differently Trained and Aged Female Aerobic Gymnasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Aleksandravičienė ◽  
Jovita Liaudeneckaitė ◽  
Ramunė Liaugminienė ◽  
Arvydas Siaurodinas ◽  
Loreta Stasiulevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Performance Training ◽  
Junior Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Preparation

Research background and hypothesis. Physical working capacity by PWC 170  test allows estimating physical preparation of athletes’ bodies, but these indices may not be directly linked to their sports achievements.Research aim. The aim of this study was to identify and assess physical working capacity characteristics of differently trained and aged female athletes. Research methods. The study included 40 subjects: young athletes (juniors) (12–14-years-old girls) and students of Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education – studying in aerobic gymnastics specialization. According to performance (training) level they were divided into the following groups: juniors (n = 10), beginners (n = 10), moderately trained (n = 10) and well-trained (n = 10) representatives of aerobic gymnastics. The testing included anthropometric measurements, heart rate (HR) measurements (HR values were recorded using heart rate measuring device “Sigma PC-15”, Germany), and PWC 170  tests. Athletes carried out two loads of physical activity at different intensities with a duration of 3 and 5 minutes (the rate of stepping (30 times per minute) was regulated according to the tempo of music that was specially prepared in the recording studio).Research results. We found that the differences in physical working capacity between well trained gymnasts and the beginners were not statistically significant. We established similar values of PWC 170   in moderately trained and junior groups; statistically significant difference (p  < 0.05) was established only comparing the latter two groups with well-trained athletes.Discusion and conclussions. The results showed that physical working capacity of well trained aerobic gymnastics athletes (participating in international competitions, world and European Championships) had not reached very high training level, but they were assessed as adequately trained. Physical working capacity of beginners was satisfactory and the indices of moderately trained  (with twice more  training and  competition experience) and junior athletes were very low.Keywords: aerobic gymnastics, physical working capacity, PWC170, heart rate.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Diet Quality Profile of the Lithuanian Team of Deaf Women’s Basketball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6749
Author(s):  
Marius Baranauskas ◽  
Valerija Jablonskienė ◽  
Jonas Algis Abaravičius ◽  
Rimantas Stukas
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Basketball Team

There are about 466 million people with hearing impairments in the world. The scientific literature does not provide sufficient data on the actual nutrition and other variables of professional deaf athletes. The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the body composition, the physical working capacity, the nutrition intake, and the blood parameters of iron and vitamin D in the Lithuanian high-performance deaf women’s basketball team players. The female athletes (n = 14) of the Lithuanian deaf basketball team aged 26.4 ± 4.5 years were recruited for an observational cross-sectional study. A 7-day food recall survey method was used to investigate their actual diet. The measurements of the body composition were performed using the BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) tetra-polar electrodes. In order to assess the cardiorespiratory and aerobic fitness levels of athletes, ergo-spirometry (on a cycle ergometer) was used to measure the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC170). The athletes’ blood tests were taken to investigate the red blood cells, hemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, transferrin, iron concentrations, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). The consideration of the VO2peak (55.9 ± 6.1 mL/min/kg of body weight, 95% CI: 51.8, 58.9) and the low VO2peak (56–60 mL/min/kg of body weight) (p = 0.966) in the deaf women’s basketball team players revealed no differences. For the deaf female athletes, the PWC170 was equal to 20.3 ± 2.0 kgm/min/kg of body weight and represented only the average aerobic fitness level. The carbohydrate and protein intakes (5.0 ± 1.3 and 1.3 ± 0.3 g/kg of body weight, respectively) met only the minimum levels recommended for athletes. The fat content of the diet (38.1 ± 4.1% of energy intake) exceeded the maximum recommended content (35% of energy intake) (p = 0.012). The mean blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and ferritin (24.1 ± 6.6 nmol/L and 11.0 ± 4.1 µg/L, respectively) predicted vitamin D and iron deficits in athletes. Female athletes had an increased risk of vitamin D and iron deficiencies. Regardless of iron deficiency in the body, the better cardiorespiratory fitness of the deaf female athletes was essentially correlated with the higher skeletal muscle mass (in terms of size) (r = 0.61, p = 0.023), the lower percentage of body fat mass (r = −0.53, p = 0.049), and the reduced intake of fat (r = −0.57, p = 0.040).

The effects of beta-alanine supplementation on physical working capacity at heart rate threshold

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbie E. Smith-Ryan ◽  
Mary N. Woessner ◽  
Malia N. Melvin ◽  
Hailee L. Wingfield ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Heart Rate Threshold ◽  
Rate Threshold

Cardio-Respiratory Response to Treadmill Exercise in Normal Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra D. Anderson ◽  
S. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Response ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Ventilatory Responses

1. Studies have been made of the response to running on a treadmill in forty boys and girls aged 5–15 years. 2. Each child was studied at two consecutive levels of steady-state work representing about 50% and 80% of his physical working capacity. Cardiac output was measured by the Indirect (CO2) Fick method. 3. The cardiac and ventilatory responses to exercise were similar to those seen during cycling on an ergometer except that the heart rate and the respiratory exchange ratio were a little lower. Stroke volume was the same. 4. The responses of children to running and cycling are discussed and the similarity to the responses of adults is noted.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KAPASITAS KERJA FISIK PEKERJA NON PRODUKSI, WEAVING, DAN SPINNING PABRIK TEKSTIL BANDUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Putri Teesa Radhiyanti ◽  
Ieva Baniasih Akbar ◽  
Juliati Juliati ◽  
Reni Farenia ◽  
Ambrosius Purba
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Cotton Dust ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Levene Test ◽  
Better Than

Workers of PT. Grandtex is divided into three different divisions; nonproduction division, weaving division, and spinning division. These workers have different activities, job processes, and work environments, especially in the cotton dust exposure rate. Exposure to cotton dust can influence physical working capacity. This study aimed to find out physical working capacity differences between workers of nonproduction division, weaving division, and spinning division. A comparative analytic survey study is conducted on 112 subjects, which consists of 32 nonproduction division workers, 40 weaving division workers, and 40 spinning division workers. Subjects are picked by the stratified random sampling method. Physical working capacity measured by using an anaerobic capacity parameter (V̇O2 max)with the Astrand-Rhyming chair test. The homogeneity of the result is tested by the Levene test and the normality is tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. To find out the differences, those data are analyzed by one-way ANOVA test (p<0,05) and followed by Duncan test to measure how big the differences are. The result of data analyzed with ANOVA indicated that there is a significant difference in physical working capacity (V̇O2 max)(p=0,000) among workers of nonproduction, weaving, and spinning division. This result was also followed by Duncan’s test suggesting thatthe physical working capacity (V̇O2 max) of nonproduction workers are bigger than weaving production workers and also bigger than spinning workers (35,78 ± 7,27 vs 31,50 ± 7,59 vs 28,03 ± 5,92 ml/kg BW/minute). From this study, we can conclude that the physical working capacity (V̇O2 max) of nonproduction workers is better than weaving and spinning division workers.

scholarly journals Effect of long-term training on heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical working capacity in female swimmers with different sports qualifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. L. Mykhaliuk ◽  
V. V. Syvolap ◽  
Ye. Yu. Horokhovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Power Spectral

The aim of this study was to compare the indices of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical working capacity in female swimmers with different sports qualifications. Materials and methods. The indices of heart rate variability (HRV), central hemodynamics (CH) and physical development (PD) were studied in 44 female swimmers (mean age 15.00 ± 0.36 years, swimming experience – 7.40 ± 0.35 years) depending on their sports qualifications (MSIC, MS, CMS, first- and second-class athletes). To analyze the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, power spectral and time-domain indices of HRV were used. CH were examined by the method of automated tetrapolar rheography according to W. Kubiček et al. (1970) in Y. T. Pushkar’s et al. modification (1970). Physical working capacity was measured according to the generally accepted technique on a cycling ergometer using the PWC170 submaximal test. The functional state index (FSI) was calculated using the formula patented by authors. Results. Significant differences were found between the indices of HRV, CH and PD in female swimmers with different qualifications. Thus, in the athletes with the MSIC–MS sports qualifications, heart rate was 61.0 ± 3.8 bpm, cardiac index (CI) – 2.978 ± 0.098 L·min-1·m-2 (there was a trend towards the eukinetic type of hemodynamics (TH)), stress index (SI) – 51.16 ± 12.66 relative units (r.u.), PWC170/kg – 16.98 ± 1.22 kgm·min-1·kg-1, FSI – 6.511 ± 0.422 r.u. A decrease in heart rate among them was correlated with a decrease in SI, and an increase in Mo – with a decrease in CI. In female CMS swimmers, heart rate was 61.37 ± 2.83 beats/min-1, CI – 3.021 ± 0.112 l -1min -1·m -2 , a trend towards the predominantly eukinetic TH, SI – 53.73 ± 9.41 r.u., PWC170 /kg– 14.66 ± 0.683 kgm·min-1·kg -1, FSI – 5.683 ± 0.324 r.u. Reduced values of SI and CI were associated with increased values of Mo and PWC170/kg. In first- and second-class female swimmers, heart rate was 63.05 ± 2.22 beats/min, SI – 50.62 ± 6.4 r.u. This group tended to be eytonic and eukinetic. The mean value of the PWC170/kg was 14.19 ± 0.589 kgm·min-1·kg-1 and FSI – 5.953 ± 0.337 r.u. Correlation analysis confirmed the relationship between the decrease in heart rate and CI and the increase in Mo and PWC170/kg. Conclusions. Long-term training in female swimmers at the distance of 50 to 200 meters is accompanied by the significant increase in the PWC170/kg values with qualification improving, 14.19 ± 0.589 kgm·min-1·kg-1, 14.66 ± 0.683 kgm·min-1·kg-1; 16.98 ± 1.22 kgm·min-1·kg-1, respectively, improvements in HRV (decrease in stress index and increase in Mo) and decrease in CI.

Effects of physical endurance training on the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal man

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hespel ◽  
P. Lijnen ◽  
R. Van Hoof ◽  
R. Fagard ◽  
W. Goossens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Normal Man

ABSTRACT The effect of physical endurance training on the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was studied in 27 normal sedentary volunteers aged between 20 and 55 years, using a randomized two-period cross-over study design. After 4 months of training (2·5 h/week), peak oxygen uptake and physical working capacity at a heart rate of 130 beats/min were increased by 16% (P<0·01) and 29% (P<0·001) respectively, whereas resting heart rate was decreased by 15% (P<0·001). The plasma noradrenaline concentration and haematocrit were both decreased (P<0·01) after training. For the total group of subjects, the small decreases in plasma renin activity (PRA) and in the plasma concentrations of angiotensin-I, angiotensin-II and aldosterone were not statistically significant. However, the change in PRA during the training period was negatively correlated with the increase in physical working capacity (r=−0·49, P<0·01), suggesting that PRA decreased only in those subjects with the greatest increase in exercise capacity. Also, the change in plasma aldosterone during training was negatively related to the rise in physical working capacity (r=− 0·57, P<0·01). Furthermore, the changes in plasma angiotensin-I (r=0·75), angiotensin-II (r=0·49) and aldosterone (r=0·43) during the training period correlated positively with the change in PRA. It is concluded that physical endurance training, leading to a substantial gain of physical working capacity, suppresses the plasma renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal man. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 443–449

scholarly journals Effect of year-round training on parameters of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical working capacity in short-distance swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Ye. L. Mykhaliuk ◽  
V. V. Syvolap ◽  
Ye. Yu. Horokhovskyi ◽  
M. S. Potapenko
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Preparatory Period ◽  
State Index

Dynamic examination of athletes is of great interest for sports medicine specialists, as it allows measuring changes in athletes’ functional state in parallel with increasing athletic performance in a one-year training cycle. The aim of the work is to assess dynamic changes in parameters of heart rate variability, central hemodynamics and physical performance in short-distance swimmers during preparatory and competitive periods of the training process. Materials and methods. The swimmers (n = 94) qualified from the second-class sport qualification to Master of Sports of International Class were examined during the preparatory and competitive periods of the training process. Short ECG recordings of 5 minutes were used for the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis according to the International Standard. Results. In the preparatory period, the autonomic equilibrium index had a mean value of 3.104 ± 0.494 1/s2, and in the competitive period – 2.459 ± 0.248 1/s2 (P = 0.295). The initial distribution of athletes depending on the value of autonomic tone, according to the classification proposed by R. M. Bayevskiy, had the following ratio in the preparatory period: 75.0 % / 20.0 % / 5.0 %, vagotonic, normotonic and sympathotonic individuals, respectively, statistically significantly indicating the prevalence of athletes with vagotonia over normotonic individuals (P = 0.0005). In the competitive period, this ratio was 60.0 % / 40.0 % / 0 %. The central hemodynamic indices showed a downward trend as evidenced by a decrease in the cardiac index from 2.954 ± 0.126·l·min-1·m-2 to 2.862 ± 0.088 l‧min-1‧m-2 (Р = 0.510), although these values matched to the eukinetic circulatory type (CT) during both training periods. However, the ratio of hypokinetic, eukinetic and hyperkinetic CT in the preparatory period was 45.0 % / 45.0 % / 10 0 %, and in competitive period – 45.0 % / 55.0 % / 0 %, respectively. The mean value of physical working capacity (PWC170/kg) in the preparatory period was 15.54 ± 0.66 kgm·min-1·kg-1, and in the competitive period it was 18.09 ± 0.53 kgm·min-1·kg-1, making an increase of 16.41 % (Р = 0.0001). The functional state index (FSI) increased significantly by 25.08 % from 5.558 ± 0.322 r. u. to 6.952 ± 0.272 r. u. (Р = 0.00001). The correlation analysis during the preparatory period showed a significant positive correlation between Mo and PWC170/kg (r = 0.46, P = 0.040), ARI and CI (r = 0.50, P = 0.026), IARP and CI (r = 0.53, P = 0.017), stress-index and SI (r = 0.52, P = 0.019) and negative – between Mo and CI (r = -0.56, P = 0.009). In the competitive period, the general tendency of correlation interaction was remained, as evidenced by revealed positive relationships between Mo and FSI (r = 0.53, P = 0.017), ARI and SI (r = 0.51, P = 0.020). Conclusions. Short-distance swimmers in the competitive period had significantly higher level of physical working capacity (by 16.4 %), the functional state index (by 25.1 %), as well as parasympathetic tone of ANS in comparison with the preparatory period. The above-mentioned hemodynamic changes and autonomic balance indicators were associated with the increase in athletic performance: 4 (20 %) swimmers qualified for the title of Master of Sports of Ukraine, 2 (10 %) swimmers – for Candidate Master of Sports, and 2 (10 %) swimmers – for first-class sport qualification.

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