Inter-Limb Coordination Variability in Ice Climbers of Different Skill Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic Seifert ◽  
Leo Wattebled ◽  
Maxime L’Hermette ◽  
Romain Herault
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Environmental Constraint ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Mode Of Coordination

Research background and hypothesis. Ice climbers determine their own ascent paths by creating holes with their crampons and ice tools. The coupling of upper and lower limbs thus emerges from the icefall environment without prescriptions for one mode of coordination. Research aim. The aim of this study was to analyse the upper / lower limb coordination of ice climbers of different skill level and to explore how the environmental constraint (ice fall shape) is used by the climbers to adapt their motor behaviour.Research methods. Six elite ice climbers and fi ve beginners climbed a 30m icefall, respectively in grade 5 / 5+ and grade 4. Frontal camera videotaped the fi rst 15m of the ascent, then the left and right ice tools and the left and right crampons were digitalised in order to analyse the upper limbs coupling, the lower limbs coupling and the upper / lower limb coordination. Research results. The results indicated that in-phase mode of upper / lower limb coordination was the main attractor for both groups. However, elite climbers showed greater variability in their behaviour, exploring larger range of upper and lower angles (particularly vertical and crossed positions) and types of movement (ice tool swinging and ice hole hooking). Discussion and conclusions. It was concluded that holes in ice fall, and more globally ice fall shape, were affordances that induced variable upper / lower limb coordination in elite climbers, whereas beginners used a basic and stable motor organization in order to maintain body equilibrium.Keywords: upper / lower limb coordination, environmental constrains, types of movement.

scholarly journals Light sheet microscopy-based 3-dimensional histopathology of the lymphatic vasculature in Emberger syndrome

Phlebologie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (04) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
René Hägerling
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Lymphatic Vasculature

Abstract Introduction Lymphovascular diseases represent a heterogenous group of inherited and sporadic disorders and refer to a range of possible underlying pathologies and pathogenesis.Emberger Syndrome, an inherited form of lymphedema, is characterized by bilateral lower limb lymphedema, however, upper limbs do not show any signs of swelling.To identify disease-associated histopathological alterations in patients with Emberger Syndrome and to elucidate potential histological differences between the lymphatic vasculature of upper and lower limbs, a detailed knowledge on the 3-dimensional tissue and vessel architecture is essential. However, the current gold standard in 2-dimensional histology provides only very limited spatial information. Material and methods To elucidate the underlying vascular pathology in Emberger Syndrome on the cellular level, we applied the 3-dimensional visualization and analysis approach VIPAR (volume information-based histopathological analysis by 3D reconstruction and data extraction) to entire wholemount immunofluorescence-stained human tissue samples. VIPAR is a light sheet microscopy-based imaging technique, which allows 3-dimensional reconstruction of entire tissue biopsies followed by automated and semi-automated analysis of vascular parameters in 3-dimensional space. Results Using VIPAR we could show that in Emberger Syndrome the dermal lymphatic vasculature is intact and non-disrupted.However, lower limbs showed an hypoplastic lymphatic vasculature with absence of lymphatic valves in pre-collecting and collecting vessels. In contrast to the lower limbs, the lymphatic vasculature of the upper limbs showed no morphological alterations of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic valves compared to healthy controls. Discussion Based on the 3-dimensional histopathological analysis we were able to perform a detailed phenotyping of lymphatic vessels in the upper and lower limb in Emberger Syndrome and to identify the underlying vascular pathology. In addition, we could show vascular alteration between the upper and lower limbs indicating a vascular heterogeneity of dermal lymph vessels causing the lower limb lymphedema.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Survey of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers Practicing Traditional Methods of Underground Coal Mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2566
Author(s):  
Madiha Ijaz ◽  
Sajid Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad M. Akram ◽  
Steven M. Thygerson ◽  
Falaq Ali Nadeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Underground Coal Mining ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
R Programming

Background: In subcontinental underground mines, coal mining is carried out manually and requires many laborers to practice traditional means of coal excavation. Each task of this occupation disturbs workers’ musculoskeletal order. In order to propose and practice possible ergonomic interventions, it is necessary to know what tasks (drilling and blasting, coal cutting, dumping, transporting, timbering and supporting, loading and unloading) cause disorder in either upper limbs, lower limbs, or both. Methods: To this end, R-programming, version R 3.1.2 and SPSS, software 20, were used to calculate data obtained by studying 260 workers (working at different tasks of coal mining) from 20 mines of four districts of Punjab, Pakistan. In addition, a Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNMQ) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) sheet were used to collect data and to analyze postures respectively. Results: In multi regression models, significance of the five tasks for upper and lower limb disorder is 0.00, which means that task based prevalence of upper and lower limb disorders are common in underground coal mines. The results of the multiple bar chart showed that 96 coal cutters got upper limb disorders and 82 got lower limb disorders. The task of timbering and supporting was shown to be dangerous for the lower limbs and relatively less dangerous for the upper limbs, with 25 workers reporting pain in their lower limbs, and 19 workers reporting pain in their upper limbs. Documented on the RULA sheet, all tasks got the maximum possible score (7), meaning that each of these tasks pose a threat to the posture of 100% of workers. The majority of participants (182) fell in the age group of 26 to 35 years. Of those workers, 131 reported pain in the lower limbs and slight discomfort (128) in the upper limbs. The significance value of age was 0.00 for upper limb disorder and was 0.012 for lower limb disorder. Frequency graphs show age in direct proportion to severity of pain while in inverse proportion with number of repetitions performed per min. Conclusions: All findings infer that each task of underground coal mining inflicts different levels of disorder in a workers’ musculoskeletal structure of the upper and lower limbs. It highlighted the need for urgent intervention in postural aspects of each task.

scholarly journals Split-arm swinging: the effect of arm swinging manipulation on interlimb coordination during walking

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Bondi ◽  
Gabi Zeilig ◽  
Ayala Bloch ◽  
Alfonso Fasano ◽  
Meir Plotnik
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Human Locomotion ◽  
Interlimb Coordination ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Bilateral Coordination ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
Stepping Pattern

Control mechanisms for four-limb coordination in human locomotion are not fully known. To study the influence of arm swinging (AS) on bilateral coordination of the lower limbs during walking, we introduced a split-AS paradigm in young, healthy adults. AS manipulations caused deterioration in the anti-phased stepping pattern and impacted the AS amplitudes for the contralateral arm, suggesting that lower limb coordination is markedly influenced by the rhythmic AS during walking.

scholarly journals Interlimb neural interactions in corticospinal and spinal reflex circuits during preparation and execution of isometric elbow flexion

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-667
Author(s):  
Atsushi Sasaki ◽  
Naotsugu Kaneko ◽  
Yohei Masugi ◽  
Matija Milosevic ◽  
Kimitaka Nakazawa
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Spinal Reflex ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Neural Interactions

We found that upper limb muscle contractions facilitated corticospinal circuits controlling lower limb muscles even during motor preparation, whereas motor execution of the task was required to facilitate spinal circuits. We also found that facilitation did not depend on whether contralateral or ipsilateral hands were contracted or if they were contracted bilaterally. Overall, these findings suggest that training of unaffected upper limbs may be useful to enhance facilitation of affected lower limbs in paraplegic individuals.

scholarly journals Neural coupling between upper and lower limbs during recumbent stepping

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen J. Huang ◽  
Daniel P. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Neuromuscular Activation ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Robotic Devices

During gait rehabilitation, therapists or robotic devices often supply physical assistance to a patient's lower limbs to aid stepping. The expensive equipment and intensive manual labor required for these therapies limit their availability to patients. One alternative solution is to design devices where patients could use their upper limbs to provide physical assistance to their lower limbs (i.e., self-assistance). To explore potential neural effects of coupling upper and lower limbs, we investigated neuromuscular recruitment during self-driven and externally driven lower limb motion. Healthy subjects exercised on a recumbent stepper using different combinations of upper and lower limb exertions. The recumbent stepper mechanically coupled the upper and lower limbs, allowing users to drive the stepping motion with upper and/or lower limbs. We instructed subjects to step with 1) active upper and lower limbs at an easy resistance level (active arms and legs); 2) active upper limbs and relaxed lower limbs at easy, medium, and hard resistance levels (self-driven); and 3) relaxed upper and lower limbs while another person drove the stepping motion (externally driven). We recorded surface electromyography (EMG) from six lower limb muscles. Self-driven EMG amplitudes were always higher than externally driven EMG amplitudes ( P < 0.05). As resistance and upper limb exertion increased, self-driven EMG amplitudes also increased. EMG bursts during self-driven and active arms and legs stepping occurred at similar times. These results indicate that active upper limb movement increases neuromuscular activation of the lower limbs during cyclic stepping motions. Neurologically impaired humans that actively engage their upper limbs during gait rehabilitation may increase neuromuscular activation and enhance activity-dependent plasticity.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CORVITIN ON OXYGEN TRANSPORT FUNCTION OF THE BLOOD AND GAS TRANSMITTERS IN ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION OF THE LOVER LIMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
V. N. Zasimovich ◽  
◽  
V. V. Zinchuk ◽  
N. N. Ioskevich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Nitrogen Monoxide ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Group I

Background. Ischemia-reperfusion of the lower limbs in atherosclerosis of their arteries is accompanied by impaired oxygen transport function (OTF) and the content gas transmitters (GT) of blood, which needs adequate correction. Purpose. To study the effect of corvitin on the parameters of OTF and GT of nitrogen monoxide and hydrogen sulfide in venous blood after revascularization of the lower limb in chronic atherosclerotic occlusion of the superficial femoral artery (SFA). Material and methods. Revascularization of the lower limbs in 103 patients was performed by loop endaterectomy from SFA. Patients of group I (n=52) received traditional medication support, II (n=51) - corvitin. The indices of OTFB and GT in the venous blood of the lower and upper limbs were determined before the operation, on the 3rd and 8th days after it. Results. The increase in the parameters of hyperoxemia, hypocapnemia and GT concentration in the postoperative period decreases with the use of corvitin. Conclusions. The use of corvitin reduces disturbances in OTFB and GT content during ischemia-reperfusion of the lower limbs.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Gammopathy Presenting as Peripheral Neuropathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishaka Agarwal ◽  
Koukutla Soundarya Rajeshwari ◽  
KT Jayakumar ◽  
. Satish ◽  
Chetan Somu
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Long Duration

Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a disorder of peripheral nervous system, which presents with a long duration (eight weeks) of sensory and/or motor, symmetric/asymmetric symptoms. Aetiology ranges from infections, inflammations, autoimmune disorders, to vasculitis and malignancies. Hereby, authors report a case of a male patient who presented with complains of bilateral lower limb numbness and weakness, and bilateral upper limb numbness, since two months, which was gradually progressive. On examination, he was found to have muscle wasting in his bilateral upper limb web spaces, left anterior thigh muscle, decreased tone in bilateral upper limbs and lower limbs, decreased power in both his upper limbs distally and decreased power in both his lower limbs (distal>>proximal) was seen. Superficial reflexes were normal with bilateral plantar being equivocal. Deep tendon reflexes were absent in bilateral upper and lower limbs. Tremors of bilateral upper limbs on extension were present. Loss of vibration sense throughout, loss of joint position sense at bilateral big toe and ankle joint and foot drop of his left lower limb were noticed. A diagnosis of CIDP with underlying plasma cell disorder was made after serum electrophoresis, immune-fixation and electrodiagnostic studies. The patient was started on prednisone 60 mg once daily, discharged and advised for monthly follow-up. Diagnosis of CIDP and the underlying cause is multifactorial, which can be misdiagnosed, presenting as a challenge. Hence, a detailed clinical examination, appropriate investigations are very crucial in diagnosing and treating a case of CIDP and its underlying cause. Treatment includes glucocorticoids like prednisone, IV Ig (Intravenous Immunoglobulin), plasma exchange, treating the underlying cause.

scholarly journals MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117
Author(s):  
Nadia Naseem ◽  
Saqib Mahmood ◽  
Afzal Hussain ◽  
Mumtaz Hussain ◽  
Miss Ayesha Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Mild Phenotype ◽  
Different Types

Objectives: Muscular dystrophies are classified into different types based ontheir age of onset, clinical severity, rate of progression, distribution of muscles weakness,pattern of inheritance and the genes involved. As muscular dystrophies are relativelyuncommon disorders, very little work has been done in Pakistan. This study has classified (forthe first time in Pakistan) the patients with different types of muscular dystrophies by clinicaland biochemical correlation. Study Design: Observational, descriptive study. Setting:Departments of Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology and Human Genetics and MolecularBiology at University of Health Sciences Lahore. Period: Three years’ (March, 2012-March2015). Methodology: A total of 100 patients comprising of all age groups and both gendersand with strong clinical suspicion of muscular dystrophy, with or without positive family history,were included. Detailed clinical history and physical examination findings were recordedfollowed by estimation of serum Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), Lactate Dehyrogenase(LDH) and Aldolase levels. Results: A total of 77 males (M) and 23 females (F) were included.Mean age of the patients was 12.1990 + 6.69913 years. Parents of 76 patients reported withconsanguineous marriages while positive family history was reported in 31 patients. Eightytwo cases managed to ambulate with support of other persons while n= 14 patients weretotally non ambulatory. Symmetrical muscle involvement (lower limb followed by upper limb)was shown by 87 cases (including all males and n=22 females). Involvement of the lowerlimbs as a primary weakness followed by symmetrical and severe involvement of the upperlimb girdle and lower limb girdle suggested limb girdle muscle dystrophy (LGMD) in 9 (6F,3M)patients. Involvement of shoulders and upper limbs as a primary weakness followed by facialmuscles and infrequent involvement of lower limbs suggested fascioscapulohumeral muscledystrophy (FSHMD) in 2 cases. Involvement of upper limbs as a primary weakness followedby lower limbs with a moderate rise in CPK levels and mild phenotype was seen in two femalepatient which was quite suggestive of dysferlinopathy. Only two male patients reported onsetof weakness and ambulation loss before 1 year of age that may represent congenital muscledystrophy (CMD), dystroglycanopathy or congenital onset of LGMD (cLGMD). Mean serumCPK, LDH and Aldolase levels were 2376.6364 + 910.78963 U/L, 1030.7800 + 180.1620 U/Land 10.089 + 1.525 U/L respectively that demonstrated significant association (p<0.05) withcharacteristic clinical features. Conclusion: Muscular dystrophies are not only restrictedto dystrophinopathies in our population. Apart from clinical and biochemical parameters,appropriate histological and/or gene mutation analysis is mandatory for precise classificationof these disorders.

Recordings from Human Dorsal Column Nuclei Using Stimulation of the Lower Limb

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aage R. Møller ◽  
Peter J. Jannetta ◽  
Hae Dong Jho
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Peroneal Nerve ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Spasmodic Torticollis ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Dorsal Column Nuclei ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Responses from the surface of the dorsal column nuclei and the dorsal surface of the spinal cord were recorded using monopolar electrodes after stimulation of the lower limbs (common peroneal nerve at the knee and posterior tibial nerve at the ankle) in patients undergoing neurosurgical operations for spasmodic torticollis. Those responses were smaller in amplitude than responses to stimulation of the upper limbs (median nerve at the wrist), and the waveforms differed. The negative deflection that is prominent in the response to stimulation of the upper limbs is more variable, broader, and relatively smaller in amplitude than the response to upper limb stimulation. Another difference between responses to upper and lower limb stimulation was that multiple peaks were superimposed on the initial response to stimulation of the lower limbs, but were not as consistently seen in the responses to upper limb stimulation. The negative peak in the response from the dorsal column nuclei to lower limb stimulation was of about the same latency as the P27peak in the far-field response (somatosensory evoked potential) to stimulation of the peroneal nerve.

scholarly journals Acute and Delayed Effects of Fatigue on Ground Reaction Force, Lower Limb Stiffness and Coordination Asymmetries During a Landing Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Débora Aparecida Knihs ◽  
Haiko Bruno Zimmermann ◽  
Juliano Dal Pupo
Keyword(s):  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Fatigue Protocol ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Limb Coordination ◽  
The Asymmetry

Abstract Landing is a critical phase of movement for injury occurrence, in which lower limbs should be used equally to better absorb the shock. However, it has been suggested that fatigue can lead to the appearance of asymmetries. The aim of this study was to verify the acute and delayed effects of fatigue on the lower limb asymmetry indexes of peak ground reaction force, leg stiffness and intra-limb coordination during a landing task. Fifteen physically active men performed a fatigue protocol composed of 14 sets of 10 continuous vertical jumps, with a one-minute rest interval between the sets. A step-off landing task was performed before, immediately after, 24 h and 48 h after the fatigue protocol. Two force plates and a video analysis system were used. The symmetry index equation provided the asymmetry indexes. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and effect size analysis were utilized. Inferential statistics did not show the effect of fatigue in the asymmetry indexes for any variable or condition (p > .05). Moderate effect sizes were observed for peak ground reaction force (0.61) and leg stiffness (0.61) immediately after the application of the protocol. In conclusion, fatigue does not seem to significantly change the asymmetries of lower limbs, especially regarding intra-limb coordination. The moderate effects observed for peak ground reaction force and leg stiffness asymmetries suggest that these variables may be acutely affected by fatigue.

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