scholarly journals The Structure of Motor Fitness of Young Footballers in a Three-Year Sports Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (60) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Mleczko ◽  
Mleczko Cieśla ◽  
Grażyna Nowak Starz ◽  
Jan Jaščaninas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Comparative Group ◽  
Anthropometric Indexes ◽  
Motor Structure ◽  
Observation Period

In the continuous research, conducted in the sports school in Tarnów (Poland) with a football profi le, the authors attempted to fi nd out whether the changes of hidden predispositions and motor abilities appear during the training process which constitute the foundation for the development of technical and tactic fi tness against the background of the similar research results carried out in the comparative groups of non-training individuals. In the research the measurements of the basic somatic traits, anthropometric indexes, VO 2 max  × kg  –1  and motor skills were taken into consideration. The observations were made every six months for three years. The comparative group consisted of the peers with attending randomly chosen schools (comparative group). The conducted factor analysis revealed the fact that there are minor quantitative differences of the motor structure between training and non-training groups during a three-year observation period. In both the sportsmen’s and less physically active boys’ groups the number of separated factors did not increase as well as the set of variables taken into account. It can be concluded then, that the applied way of sports selection as well as the process of their adaptation to a specifi c training ballast might have been the causative factor of the structure effi ciency specifi cation among children from sports schools. In this connection, they cannot deny the thesis that a talented sports master can be recognized already as a child. Still, the ways of such a selection seem controversial.Keywords: the structure of motor fitness of young footballers, continuous research, factor analysis.

scholarly journals Structure of Motor Fitness of 7-Year-Old Girls

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Olha Ivashchenko ◽  
Daria Sirichenko
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Arm Strength

The purpose of the study was to determine the structure of motor fitness of 7-year-old girls.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 27 7-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The research methods used in the study include analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. The study recorded the primary schoolchildren’s level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. The coefficient was determined by the formula: p = (m/n)×100, where p is the level of proficiency, m is the number of successfully performed exercises, n is the total number of attempts to perform the exercise. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: forward roll; backward roll; shoulderstand with bent legs. Results. The level of fitness of the 7-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility” and “movement coordination”, inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, and vestibular stability, level of proficiency in gymnastic exercises. The analysis of the coefficients of variation points to heterochrony in the development of the 7-year-old girls’ motor abilities. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the development of vestibular stability ensures the formation of motor skills in girls. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the most informative indicators of motor fitness of the 7-year-old girls are the level of proficiency in acrobatic exercises, the results of test No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups, times” (r = 0.872) and test No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.870). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 29.772%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The development of vestibular stability ensures the formation of motor skills, and the level of general physical fitness is the reserve in training girls aged 7, which will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the educational process.

scholarly journals Motor Skills: Motor Fitness Structure of 9-Year-Old Boys

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Dmytro Petrov ◽  
Oleg Khudolii ◽  
Mirosława Cieślicka
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Movement Coordination ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Arm Strength

The purpose of the study was to determine the place of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 9-year-old boys.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 48 9-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Rope climbing in two steps”, “Rope climbing in three steps”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 9-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency in rope climbing. The most informative indicators that determine the level of 9-year-old boys’ motor fitness are: No. 12 “Rope climbing in two steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 13 “Rope climbing in three steps, level of proficiency” (r = 0.960); No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.875); No. 10 “Maintenance of stable posture – standing on one leg with closed eyes, s” (r = 0.683). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in the exercises determines the variation of testing results by 24.287%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in rope climbing shows that the exercises are difficult for 9-year-old boys to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 9-year-old boys’ arm flexors will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.

scholarly journals Causative Factor Analysis of Passenger Ship Accident (Fire/Explosion) in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 557 ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
W Mutmainnah ◽  
L P Bowo ◽  
A Nurwahyudy ◽  
F A Prasetyo ◽  
M Furusho
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Passenger Ship

Physical Activity in Preschool Children With the Transition to Outdoors

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell R. Pate ◽  
Marsha Dowda ◽  
William H. Brown ◽  
Jonathan Mitchell ◽  
Cheryl Addy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Outdoor Play ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Children’S Physical Activity ◽  
Observation Period

Background:It is known that children are more physically active outdoors than indoors. However, few previous studies have observed the time course for physical activity as young children transition from indoor to outdoor activities.Methods:Participants were 3- to 5-year-old children enrolled in the Children’s Activity and Movement in Preschool Study (CHAMPS). Trained observers used the Observational System for Recording Physical Activity in Children-Preschool Version (OSRAC-P) to record children’s physical activity levels over 20 minutes in outdoor settings. The 20-minute outdoor observational period began immediately following the transition from indoors to outdoors.Results:Children’s activity levels were moderately high at the time of transition and declined over the 20-minute observation period. Different patterns, however, were observed for boys and girls. Overall, boys were more active than girls. Boys’ activity levels declined in a linear fashion over the 20-minute period, while girls’ activity levels increased slightly, decreased, and then increased slightly again.Conclusions:These data indicate that physical activity levels decline with increased duration of outdoor play. The frequency and duration of outdoor play should be investigated for the purpose of optimizing physical activity levels.

scholarly journals Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale and Preliminary Testing of Short-Form Versions: A Calibration and Validation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell T. Baker ◽  
Damon Burton ◽  
Michael A. Pickering ◽  
Amanda Start
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Outcome Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Age Range

Context The Disablement in the Physically Active (DPA) scale is a patient-reported outcome instrument recommended for use in clinical practice and research. Analysis of the scale has indicated a need for further psychometric testing. Objective To assess the model fit of the original DPA scale using a larger and more diverse sample and explore the potential for a short-form (SF) version. Design Observational study. Setting Twenty-four clinical settings. Patients or Other Participants Responses were randomly split into 2 samples: sample 1 (n = 690: 353 males, 330 females, and 7 not reported; mean age = 23.1 ± 9.3 years, age range = 11–75 years) and sample 2 (n = 690: 351 males, 337 females, and 2 not reported; mean age = 22.9 ± 9.3 years, age range = 8–74 years). Participants were physically active individuals who were healthy or experiencing acute, subacute, or persistent musculoskeletal injury. Main Outcome Measure(s) Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factor structure of the original DPA scale. Exploratory factor, internal consistency, covariance modeling, correlational, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess potential DPA scale SFs. Results The subdimensions of the disablement construct were highly correlated (≥0.89). The fit indices for the DPA scale approached recommended levels, but the first-order correlational values and second-order path coefficients provided evidence for multicollinearity, suggesting that clear distinctions between the disablement subdimensions cannot be made. An 8-item, 2-dimensional solution and a 10-item, 3-dimensional solution were extracted to produce SF versions. The DPA SF-8 was highly correlated (r = 0.94, P ≤ .001, R2 = 0.88) with the DPA scale, and the fit indices exceeded all of the strictest recommendations. The DPA SF-10 was highly correlated (r = 0.97, P ≤ .001, R2 = 0.94) with the DPA scale, and its fit indices values also exceeded the strictest recommendations. Conclusions The DPA SF-8 and SF-10 are psychometrically sound alternatives to the DPA scale.

Structure of Motor Abilities in Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Krus ◽  
Robert H. Bruininks ◽  
Gary Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Extensive Range

Theoretical and empirical studies in motor abilities were synthesized to construct an extensive range of tests items with auxiliary apparatus. These items were administered to 765 children between ages 4 1/2 and 14 1/2 yr. Results indicate that motor proficiency can be assessed safely and reliably in one testing period. The factor analysis of the 46 items supported the original subtest grouping of the items which employed a theoretical-rational strategy. Factor analysis of the subtests suggested the existence of two major dimensions, speed-precision-strength and balance-coordination.

The Level of Strength and Endurance-Strength Abilities of the Female Early Education Teachers as Examined by the Medicine Ball Forward Throw and the 3 Min. Burpee Test: A Comparative Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Robert Podstawski ◽  
Stefan Mańkowski ◽  
Marek Raczkowski
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
School Children ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Early School ◽  
Medicine Ball

Abstract Aim: The aim of the study is to assess strength and endurance-strength abilities of selected female early education teachers (EET) against classification norms, and subsequently compare the level of these abilities to that of pre-school and early school children and female university students. Methods: The research comprised: 700 pre-school children, 1306 early school children, 303 female university students and 217 EET. In order to determine the research participants’ level of motor abilities, two motor tests, i.e. the medicine ball forward throw and the 3-min. Burpee Test were applied. Results: Based on the classification norms, the EET obtained an average level of strength and endurance-strength abilities. Moreover, in the medicine ball (2 and 4kg) forward throw trial, the EET achieved significantly worse results than the 1st year female university students (p = 0.0000), yet significantly better results than the examined pre-school and early school children (p = 0.0000). On the other hand, in the 3 min. Burpee Test, the EET gained significantly worse results than the 2nd (p = 0.0000) and 3rd (p = 0.0000) year girls and boys and the 1st year female university students (p = 0.0000), but significantly better results than the pre-school children (girls: p = 0.0000, boys: p = 0.0166) and the 1st year boys (p = 0.0000). Conclusions: Since motor fitness is important in EET’s everyday work, it is worrisome that the teachers under study attained an average level of strength and endurance – strength abilities. There were also many teachers who were exempted from any form of physical exercise for health reasons, which may be a consequence of their poor eating habits or/and an insufficient amount of daily physical activity. It seems to be reasonable, thus, to design and implement new enrollment criteria for admission to early education studies including fitness tests, and to expand the curriculum of early education studies by increasing the number of practical P.E. classes.

scholarly journals Сharacteristic force preparedness boys 6—7 grades

2014 ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. В. Іващенко ◽  
Р. Мушкета ◽  
О. М. Худолій ◽  
С. С. Єрмаков
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Educational Testing ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Long Jump

Purpose — to determine the model of development of power abilities in boys 6—7 grades.Material and methods. To achieve the objectives adopted the following methods: analysis of scientific literature, educational testing and treatment methods of mathematical statistics research results. In the study involved boys 6 and 7 classes 35 and 32 people respectively. .Research results. Analysis shows that statistically significant differences in the test results of boys 6 and 7 classes observed in tests 2 «long jump from their seats, see ‘and 5’ Squat, times» (p <0,001; p <0,01 respectively). The level of motor readiness boys 6—7 class determines the development of speed-strength abilities.Conclusions. Structural canonical discriminant function coefficients suggest that more attention is paid to speed-strength training, the more likely improve motor fitness of the boys 6—7 class. The canonical discriminant function can be used for estimation and forecasting the development of motor abilities in boys 6—7 grades.

scholarly journals Motor Skills in Physical Fitness Structure of 8-Year-Old Girls

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Taisiia Shevchenko ◽  
Oleg Khudolii ◽  
Vladimir Potop
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Movement Coordination ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Arm Strength

The purpose of the study was to determine the priority of motor skills in the motor fitness structure of 8-year-old girls.  Materials and methods. The study participants were 40 8-year-old girls. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The study used the following research methods: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. In the experiment, the study controlled the level of proficiency in the following exercises: “Shoulder stand”, “Bridge from supine position”, “One leg swing upward circle”. Results. The level of fitness of the 8-year-old girls is homogeneous by the development of “agility”, “movement coordination”, “speed strength”, and “endurance”; inhomogeneous – by the development of flexibility, arm strength, vestibular stability, and the level of proficiency.  The most informative indicators that determine the level of the 8-year-old girls’ motor fitness are: No. 14 “One leg swing upward circle, level of proficiency” (r = 0.890); No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups, times” (r = 0.889); No. 13 “Bridge from supine position, level of proficiency” (r = 0.842). Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, it was found that the level of proficiency in exercises influences the variation of testing results, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The level of proficiency in the exercises “Shoulder stand” and “One leg swing upward circle” shows that the exercises are difficult for 8-year-old girls to perform. Based on the data analysis, it can be argued that the comprehensive development of motor abilities ensures the formation of motor skills, and the improvement of the level of development of 8-year-old girls’ arm flexors and vestibular stability will positively influence the educational process effectiveness.

scholarly journals Effects of IAAF Kid’s Athletics Programme on Psychological and Motor Abilities of Sedentary School Going Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
C. S. Abhaydev ◽  
J. Bhukar ◽  
R. K. Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Motor Fitness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of a 12 weeks IAAF Kid’s Athletics programme on the psychological and motor fitness abilities of sedentary school-going children. Materials and methods. The study involved 40 students (age 10 to 14 years) with no previous history of systematic training. The subjects were further sub-divided based on their age, i.e. low age (10 to 11 years) and high age (13 to 14 years), and then randomly assigned to either an experimental group (Kid’s Athletics) or a control group. The psychological variables selected were stress tolerance reactive, simple motor speed, simple reaction speed, visual perception, and focused attention, whereas motor variables selected were sit and reach test, standing broad jump, 50m sprint, T-test, and 150m sprint. Tests were conducted pre-training, mid-training, and post-training for motor variables while only pre-training and post-training tests were conducted for psychological variables. Results. The two-way mixed ANOVA revealed a significant difference in all the selected variables (motor and psychological variables) in group × time interaction (p = 0.001 to <0.001) with large effect sizes. Lager effect sizes in motor fitness variables were observed after 12 weeks (ES = 2.09 to 5.72) than 6 weeks (ES = 1.92 to 3.47) when compared to baseline in the experimental group. Conclusion. The study shows that Kid’s Athletics recommended by IAAF may be considered as an effective programme to improve psychological as well as motor abilities in sedentary school-going children.

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