scholarly journals DEPOSITO DE CLORUROS EN EL HORMIGON EN LAS ATMOSFERAS DE LA ISLA DE TENERIFE-ESPAÑA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Andrade Perdrix ◽  
Concepción BLANCO PEÑALVER
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Atmos Environ ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Wind Regime ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
La Red

El efecto del viento sobre la superficie del mar y su oleaje cerca de la costa provoca la formación de un aerosol con un contenido de cloruros y sales que depende de su velocidad. Este aerosol es transportado por el viento hacia el interior de tierra hasta que termina depositándose, y en el caso concrete de las estructuras de hormigón penetra por la red de poros pudiendo provocar la corrosión de la armadura. El alcance hacia el interior de este aerosol ha sido estudiado por numerosos investigadores y existen modelos al igual que se ha estudiado su acumulación en probetas de hormigón situadas al menos en dos atmosferas de Brasil. No existen en cambio estudios similares en España. En el presente trabajo se comunican los contenidos de cloruros que se han recogido con el método de la vela húmeda en cinco estaciones colocadas en diversos emplazamientos de la Isla de Tenerife en España. En la figura 1 y 2 se muestran una estación de ensayo y el dispositivo de la vela húmeda. Los resultados encontrados confirman el descenso exponencial de la deposición de cloruros con la distancia a la costa (figura 3) y con la velocidad del viento (figura 4) Solo en una de las estaciones los cloruros depositados han tenido relevancia desde la perspectiva de la durabilidad de la armadura, ya que en las demás la cantidad depositada ha sido muy pequeña. La relación entre la distancia y el depósito de cloruros ha sido de tipo exponencial al igual que la relación con la velocidad del viento. En el trabajo se comparan estos resultados con los propuestos por Meira, no encontrándose una completa concordancia, posiblemente debido al irregular régimen del viento en el presente caso y a que la velocidad en la isla de Tenerife es mayor que la registrada por Meira que fue de alrededor de 3 m/s. Es precisamente para velocidades mayores de 3 m/s cuando existen divergencias en la literatura debido al mayor arrastre del aerosol por las mayores velocidades. Las cantidades que penetran en el hormigón, son función de su calidad como era esperable. En el presente trabajo se dan los datos encontrados con los hormigones ensayados.   REFERENCIAS Caracterización climática de las Islas Canarias para la aplicación del código técnico de la Edificación, CLIMCAN-010 y de su aplicación informática complementaria, CTE-DR/008/11. Gobierno de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 2011. G.R. Meira, C. Andrade, C. Alonso, I.J. Padaratz, J.C. Borba, Modelling sea-salt transport and deposition in marine atmosphere zone – A tool for corrosion studies, Corros. Sci. 50 (2008) 2724-2731. G.R. Meira, C. Andrade, C. Alonso, I.J. Padaratz, J.C. Borba Jr, Salinity of marine aerosols in a Brazilian coastal area—Influence of wind regime, Atmos. Environ. 41 (2007) 8431-8441. M. Morcillo, B. Chico, L. Mariaca, E. Otero, Salinity in marine atmospheric corrosion: its dependence on the wind regime existing in the site, Corros. Sci. 42 (2000) 91-104.

Modelling sea-salt transport and deposition in marine atmosphere zone – A tool for corrosion studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 2724-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Meira ◽  
C. Andrade ◽  
C. Alonso ◽  
I.J. Padaratz ◽  
J.C. Borba
Keyword(s):  
Sea Salt ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Corrosion Studies

scholarly journals Atmospheric Water Soluble Organic Nitrogen (WSON) over marine environments: a global perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 11361-11389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Violaki ◽  
J. Sciare ◽  
J. Williams ◽  
A. R. Baker ◽  
M. Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Soluble Organic Nitrogen

Abstract. To obtain a comprehensive picture on the spatial distribution of water soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in marine aerosols, samples were collected during research cruises in the tropical and south Atlantic Ocean and during a one year period (2005) over the southern Indian Ocean (Amsterdam island). Samples have been analyzed for both organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen and the factors controlling their levels have been examined. Fine mode WSON was found to play a significant role in the remote marine atmosphere with enhanced biogenic activity, with concentrations of WSON (11.3 ± 3.3 nmol N m–3) accounting for about 84% of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN). Such levels are similar to those observed in the polluted marine atmosphere of the eastern Mediterranean (11.6 ± 14.0 nmol N m–3). Anthropogenic activities were found to be an important source of atmospheric WSON as evidenced by the ten times higher levels in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than in the remote Southern Hemisphere (SH). Furthermore, the higher contribution of WSON to TDN (40%) in the SH, compared to the NH (20%), underlines the important role of organic nitrogen in remote marine areas. Finally, Sahara dust was also identified as a significant source of WSON in the coarse mode aerosols of the NH.

scholarly journals Estimating a relationship between aerosol optical thickness and surface wind speed over the ocean

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 11621-11651 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glantz ◽  
D. E. Nilsson ◽  
W. von Hoyningen-Huene
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Abstract. Retrieved aerosol optical thickness (AOT) based on data obtained by the Sea viewing Wide Field Sensor (SeaWiFS) is combined with surface wind speed, obtained at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWFs), over the North Pacific for September 2001. In this study a cloud screening approach is introduced in an attempt to exclude pixels partly or fully covered by clouds. The relatively broad swath width for which the nadir looking SeaWiFS instrument scanned over the North Pacific means that the AOT can be estimated according to relatively large range of wind speeds for each of the scenes analyzed. The sensitivity in AOT due to sea salt and hygroscopic growth of the marine aerosols has also been investigated. The validation of the results is based on previous parameterization in combination with the environmental quantities wind speed, RH and boundary layer height (BLH), estimated at the ECMWF. In this study a factor of 2 higher mean AOT is obtained for a wind speed up to about 13 m s−1 for September 2001 over remote ocean areas. Furthermore, a factor of 2 higher AOT is more or less supported by the validation of the results. Approximately, 50% of the enhancement seems to be due to hygroscopic growth of the marine aerosols and the remaining part due to increase in the sea salt particle mass concentrations, caused by a wind driven water vapor and sea salt flux, respectively. Reasonable agreement occurs also between satellites retrieved aerosol optical thickness and AOT observed at several AERONET (Aerosol Robotic NETwork) ground-based remote sensing stations. Finally, possible reasons why relatively large standard deviations occur around the mean values of AOT estimated for a single scene are discussed.

Measuring Aerosol Chlorides for Atmospheric Corrosion Studies in Cold Alaskan Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-02 (10) ◽  
pp. 593-593
Author(s):  
Raghu Srinivasan ◽  
Tyler Cushman
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Studies

scholarly journals Observationally constrained analysis of sea salt aerosol in the marine atmosphere

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huisheng Bian ◽  
Karl Froyd ◽  
Daniel M. Murphy ◽  
Jack Dibb ◽  
Mian Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Marine Atmosphere

Abstract. Atmospheric sea salt plays important roles in marine cloud formation and atmospheric chemistry. We performed an integrated analysis of NASA GEOS model simulations run with the GOCART aerosol module, in situ measurements from the PALMS and SAGA instruments obtained during the NASA ATom campaign, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from AERONET Marine Aerosol Network (MAN) sun photometers and from MODIS satellite observations to better constrain sea salt in the marine atmosphere. ATom measurements and GEOS model simulation both show that sea salt concentrations over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have a strong vertical gradient, varying up to four orders of magnitude from the marine boundary layer to free troposphere. The modeled residence times suggest that the lifetime of sea salt particles with dry diameter less than 3 μm is largely controlled by wet removal, followed next by turbulent process. During both boreal summer and winter, the GEOS simulated sea salt mass mixing ratios agree with SAGA measurements in the marine boundary layer (MBL) and with PALMS measurements above the MBL. However, comparison of AOD from GEOS with AERONET/MAN and MODIS aerosol retrievals indicated that the model underestimated AOD over the oceans where sea salt dominates. The apparent discrepancy of slightly overpredicted concentration and large underpredicted AOD could not be explained by biases in the model RH, which was found to be comparable to or larger than the in-situ measurements. This conundrum is at least partially explained by the sea salt size distribution; where the GEOS simulation has much less sea salt percentage-wise in the smaller particles than was observed by PALMS. Model sensitivity experiments indicated that the simulated sea salt is better correlated with measurements when the sea salt emission is calculated based on the friction velocity and with consideration of sea surface temperature dependence than that parameterized with the 10-m winds.

Salinity of marine aerosols in a Brazilian coastal area—Influence of wind regime

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (38) ◽  
pp. 8431-8441 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Meira ◽  
C. Andrade ◽  
C. Alonso ◽  
I.J. Padaratz ◽  
J.C. Borba Jr
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Marine Aerosols ◽  
Wind Regime

The vertical distribution of the concentration of sea salt in the marine atmosphere near Hawaii

Tellus B ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 36B (2) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
DUNCAN C. BLANCHARD ◽  
ALFRED H. WOODCOCK ◽  
RAMON J. CIPRIANO
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
The Vertical Distribution
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