'Effects of Cold Strain on Simulated Sentry Duty and Marksmanship'

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tikiusis P, Keefe AA.
Keyword(s):  
Cold Strain

Recovery and Recrystallization in Cold Worked Fe – O Steels

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Belyakov ◽  
Yuushi Sakai ◽  
Toru Hara ◽  
Yuuji Kimura ◽  
Kaneaki Tsuzaki
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ferrite Matrix ◽  
Primary Recrystallization ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Critical Volume Fraction ◽  
Cold Strain ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Softening Process ◽  
20 Nm

Several Fe – O samples containing different fractions of dispersed oxides were processed by mechanical milling followed by consolidating rolling. The samples were annealed at 1000oC and then compressed to strains of 0.35, 1.2, and 1.9 at an ambient temperature. Dispersed oxides with size of about 20 nm were homogeneously distributed throughout the ferrite matrix and their volume fractions varied from about 0.3% to 2.0%. To study the annealing softening mechanisms, the coldworked specimens were annealed for an hour at 700oC and 800oC. The fine dispersion of oxide particles was very effective to suppress any softening processes. Primary recrystallization fully developed in the samples with volume fraction of dispersed oxides of about 0.3%. Increase in the fraction of dispersed oxides resulted in decrease of the fraction recrystallized. In the samples containing 2.0 vol.% of dispersed oxides, only recovery was the annealing softening process irrespective of the preceding cold strain. The critical volume fraction of dispersed particles for development of the primary recrystallization is considered to range from 0.5 to 2.0%.

Muscular and cold strain of female workers in meatpacking work

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erja Sormunen ◽  
Juha Oksa ◽  
Tuomo Pienimäki ◽  
Sirkka Rissanen ◽  
Hannu Rintamäki
Keyword(s):  
Female Workers ◽  
Cold Strain

Evaluating Physiological Strain in Old vs. Young Males Using a Cold Strain Index

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S130
Author(s):  
Ellen L. Glickman ◽  
Edward S. Potkanowicz ◽  
Ronald Otterstetter ◽  
Natalie Caine-Bish
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Strain Index ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Cold Strain

Cold strain index applied to exercising men in cold-wet conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (6) ◽  
pp. R1764-R1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Castellani ◽  
Andrew J. Young ◽  
Catherine O'Brien ◽  
Dean A. Stulz ◽  
Michael N. Sawka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Strain Index ◽  
Independent Measure ◽  
Cold Strain ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Meaningful Data

A cold strain index (CSI) based on rectal (Tre) and mean skin temperatures ([Formula: see text] sk) using data from seminude resting subjects has been proposed (Moran DS, Castellani JW, O'Brien C, Young AJ, and Pandolf KB. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 277: R556–R564, 1999). The current study determined whether CSI could provide meaningful data for clothed subjects exercising in the cold with compromised insulation. Ten men exercised in cold-wet conditions (CW) for 6 h before (D0) and after 3 days of exhaustive exercise (D3). Each hour of CW consisted of 10 min of standing in rain (5.4 cm/h, 5°C air) followed by 45 min of walking (1.34 m/s, 5.4 m/s wind, 5°C air). The change in Tre across time was greater ( P < 0.05) on D3 than on D0, and the change in [Formula: see text] sk was less ( P < 0.05) on D3 than on D0. Although CSI increased across time, the index at the end of both trials (D3 = 4.6 ± 0.6; D0 = 4.2 ± 0.8) was similar ( P > 0.05). Thus, while [Formula: see text] sk was 1.3°C higher ( P < 0.05) and Tre was 0.3°C lower ( P < 0.05) on D3 than on D0, CSI did not discriminate the greater heat loss that occurred on D3. These findings indicate that when vasoconstrictor responses to cold are altered, such as after exhaustive exercise, CSI does not adequately quantify the different physiological strain between treatments. CSI may be useful for indicating increased strain across time, but its utility as a marker of strain between different treatments or studies is uncertain because no independent measure of strain has been used to determine to what extent CSI is a valid and reliable measure of strain.

scholarly journals Acute cold stress and mild hypothermia impact on short-term, working memory and attention

Biologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrikas Paulauskas ◽  
Marius Brazaitis ◽  
Dalia Mickevičienė ◽  
Kazimieras Pukėnas ◽  
Nerijus Eimantas
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Mild Hypothermia ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Cold Strain

The effect of single acute cold water exposure on the cognitive function (short-term, working memory and attention) was examined in 25 male subjects who were exposed to 14 °C cold water (air temperature ~22 °C, rh ~45%) in the semi-recumbent posture (up to the shoulders) until the rectal temperature (T<sub>re</sub>) dropped to 35.5 °C. 6 subjects were excluded from the study, because we do not reach a necessary condition to drop their (T<sub>re</sub>) to 35.5 °C in 170 minutes during a passive cooling procedure. During the cold exposure rectal (T<sub>re</sub>), skin (T<sub>sk</sub>) temperatures, heart rate (HR) were measured and cold strain (CSI) was calculated. A cognitive test battery (EFFECTON-COLD) was administrated two times (randomized): as a control measurement (CONTROL) and after the single acute cold water exposure (COLD). After COLD T<sub>re</sub> and T<sub>sk</sub> significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The average of HR and COLD time was 82.61 ± 4.09 and 93.68 ± 8.66, respectively. The COLD induced CSI resulted as high cold strain (7.02 ± 0.22). The present study manifested that mild hypothermia and high cold strain experienced in humans during acute cold stress, impair memory and attention tests performance in more complex tasks (tasks requiring working memory, attention concentration, sustention and speed of information processing) while simple tasks remain unaffected (tasks requiring short-term memory and attention concentration for fast response).

Preparation of Cold Strain Maps

1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry S. McPhilimy
Keyword(s):  
Cold Strain

scholarly journals Strain Estimation Using Vetco Deformation Tool Data

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Rosenfeld ◽  
Patrick C. Porter ◽  
James A. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Operating Reliability ◽  
Strain Estimation ◽  
Cold Strain

Damage to pipelines in the form of indentations and third-party damage has emerged as a key concern for operating reliability and public safety within the pipeline industry. Many operators have conducted detailed surveys of their pipelines for indentations (or simply “dents”) by means of in-line inspection tools designed to detect, measure, and report the presence, size, and location of dents, as well as other deformations such as buckles or wrinkles and ovality. Described herein is a technique suitable for processing the signal from Tuboscope-Vetco deformation ILI tools in order to derive the local cold strain associated with indentation of the pipe.

scholarly journals Mechanism and Kinetics of Precipitation Process in Selected Copper Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 649-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Rdzawski ◽  
J. Stobrawa ◽  
W. Głuchowski ◽  
J. Sobota
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Copper Matrix ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Plastic Working ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
Cold Strain ◽  
Mechanism And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of Precipitation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract The required functional characteristics expected from copper alloys have a major impact on the technological production process, therefore there is a strong need to acquire knowledge on changes of properties with technological process including heat treatment and plastic working. The studied in this work copper CuTi4. CuFe2. CuCr0.7 and CuNi2Si1 alloys was selected to present differences in hardening phases .The samples were quenched, cold deformed (rolling), and aged. Detailed microstructure analysis and its influence on electrical and mechanical properties was presented in the work. Quenched CuTi4, CuFe2, CuCr0.7 and CuNi2Si1alloys have different mechanism and kinetics of precipitation during aging. These processes are complex and depend on the heterogeneity of distribution of alloying elements in copper matrix, the process parameters and cold strain value.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document