scholarly journals Riboflavin Recovery of Spermatogenic Dysfunction via a Dual Inhibition of Oxidative Changes and Regulation of the PINK1-Mediated Pathway in Arsenic-Injured Rat Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 591-603
Author(s):  
Ali Olfati ◽  
Eva Tvrda
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Dual Inhibition

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) poisoning and associated potential lesions are of a global concern. Inversely, riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a component of flavoproteins could play a vital role in the spermatogenic enzymatic reactions. Thus, this research aimed to explore potential beneficial roles of vitamin B2 during As2O3-injured-toxicity. Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=8/group) and challenged as follows (for 30 days continuously): Group 1 received normal saline, Group 2 was treated with 3 mg/l As2O3, Group 3 received 40 mg/l vitamin B2, Group 4 received 3 mg/l As2O3 + 40 mg/l vitamin B2. Both As2O3 and vitamin B2 were dissolved in deionized water. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) were assessed for the oxidative profile, while TAS (Total Antioxidative Status) levels were evaluated for the antioxidant system, in both serum and testicular tissue. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results show that As2O3 significantly decreased the body weight, testicular weight and testis volume, semen quality and testicular cell count (p<0.05). Furthermore, MDA content in the testicular tissue of the As2O3 group rats was significantly higher in comparison to the vehicle group (p<0.05). Likewise, TAS and the activities of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD were reduced (p<0.05) when compared to the control. As2O3 induced testicular damage and seminiferous tubular atrophy. Monodansylcadaverine assays mirrored the histopathology observations. Meanwhile, As2O3 upregulated the expression of mitophagy-related genes including PINK1, Parkin, USP8, LC3-I, Fis1 and Mfn2. The p38 gene, responsible to stress stimuli, was also upregulated by As2O3 administration. Meanwhile, exposure to Vitamin B2 led to a significant decrease of the expression levels of mitophagy related genes. Our study revealed that vitamin B2 supplementation protected testicular structures against As2O3-induced injury via a dual inhibition of oxidative changes and a regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway.

Riboflavin Recovery of Spermatogenic Dysfunction via Dual Inhibition of Oxidative Changes and Regulation of the PINK1-Mediated Pathway in an Arsenic-Injured Rat Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Olfati ◽  
Eva Tvrdá
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Dual Inhibition

Background: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) poisoning and associated potential lesions are of global concern. Inversely, riboflavin (vitamin B2, VB2) a component of flavoproteins could play a vital role in the enzymatic reactions. Thus, this research aimed to explore the potential beneficial roles of VB2 during As2O3-injured-toxicity. Methods: Adult male rats were challenged as follows: 3 mg As2O3/L and 40 mg VB2/L alone or in combination administered in drinking water, for 30 consecutive days. Daily basis As2O3 and VB2 dissolved in deionized water for 5 min (gradually and slowly). Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) were computed for oxidative stress, and TAS (Total Antioxidative Status) levels were computed for the antioxidant system, for both serum and tissue. Apoptosis levels were assessed in the evaluation of testis gene expression. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results show that As2O3 significantly decreased the body weight, testicular weight and volume, semen quality and testicular cell count (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the testicular tissue of the As2O3 group rats was significantly higher in comparison to the vehicle group (p&lt;0.05). Likewise, TAS C) and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were reduced (p&lt;0.05) when compared to the control. As2O3 induced testicular damage and seminiferous tubular atrophy. Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) assays mimicking the histopathology observations. Meanwhile, As2O3 upregulated the expression of mitophagy-related genes including PINK1, Parkin, USP8, LC3-I, Fis1, and Mfn2. However, p38, responsible for stress stimuli, was also upregulated by As2O3 administration. Conclusions: Our study revealed that VB2 supplementation protected testicular structures against As2O3-induced injury via dual inhibition of oxidative changes and regulation of the PINK1-mediated pathway. Therefore, our experiments provide a new mechanistic scheme with respect to As2O3-induced male reproductive system toxicity.

scholarly journals Histopathological alterations in testicular tissue of male rats exposed to arsenic

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Reema Pachnanda ◽  
Shiv Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Testicular Weight

The present study was designed to investigate the adverse effect of arsenic on testicular tissue of Swiss albino male rats. Sodium arsenite was administered to adult male rats by gavage at the doses 1, 2 and 3 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. After the treatment, the testis were processed for histopathological observations. Sodium arsenite caused remarkable reduction in testicular weight (P<0.05), while the body weight of experimental animals were reduced but not significantly (P<0.05). Histological evaluation revealed dose-dependent, gradual destruction in histoarchitecture of testicular tissue. Sodium arsenite exposure caused complete arrest of spermatogenesis with disfigured seminiferous tubules in the testes .The lumens of the tubules were devoid of spermatids and were in places filled with cellular debris. The germinal epithelium was distorted. At places interstitial odema was also evident. Sertoli and Leydig cells were damaged. Along with structural alterations, fertility rate in experimental animals was significantly decreased at higher doses i.e. 2 and 3 mg/kg, as 100% infertility was observed. After withdrawal of the treatment over a period of 30 days, recovery was observed in low dose groups as few female rats became pregnant. The study concluded that exposure of arsenic causes testicular toxicity in male albino rat.

scholarly journals Expression of Apoptosis-Related Genes in Cat Testicular Tissue in Relation to Sperm Morphology and Seasonality—A Preliminary Study

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Sylwia Prochowska ◽  
Agnieszka Partyka ◽  
Wojciech Niżański
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Apoptotic Genes

Apoptosis is a crucial process in spermatogenesis, responsible for the elimination of abnormal sperm cells and testicular regression out of breeding season. The aim of this study was to assess if the expression of apoptosis-related genes in testicular tissue of domestic cats differed: (1) between normozoospermic and teratozoospermic donors, and (2) between reproductive and non-reproductive season. The expression of genes: BCL2L1, BCL2, BAX, BAD, FAS, FASLG, and caspases (CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and CASP10) was analyzed by qRT-PCR in testicular tissue samples. During non-reproductive season significantly higher expression of two anti-apoptotic genes (BCL2L1 and BCL2) was observed. Additionally, there was a significant higher expression of CASP10 in teratozoospermic cats during non-reproductive than during reproductive season. No differences were noted between normozoospermic and teratozoospermic groups. Upregulation of some genes during the non-reproductive season indicates engagement of apoptotic mechanisms in the seasonal changes of semen quality in cats, however further studies on protein levels and analysis of changes on distinct testicular germinal layers are required. At the same time, teratozoospermia in the general population of cats seems to be not connected with dysregulation of apoptosis in the testes.

scholarly journals Semen quality as a potential susceptibility indicator to SARS-CoV-2 insults in polluted areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Montano ◽  
Francesco Donato ◽  
Pietro Massimiliano Bianco ◽  
Gennaro Lettieri ◽  
Antonino Guglielmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Harmful Effects

AbstractThe epidemic of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted worldwide with its infectious spread and mortality rate. Thousands of articles have been published to tackle this crisis and many of these have indicated that high air pollution levels may be a contributing factor to high outbreak rates of COVID-19. Atmospheric pollutants, indeed, producing oxidative stress, inflammation, immuno-unbalance, and systemic coagulation, may be a possible significant co-factor of further damage, rendering the body prone to infections by a variety of pathogens, including viruses. Spermatozoa are extremely responsive to prooxidative effects produced by environmental pollutants and may serve as a powerful alert that signals the extent that environmental pressure, in a specific area, is doing damage to humans. In order to improve our current knowledge on this topic, this review article summarizes the relevant current observations emphasizing the weight that environmental pollution has on the sensitivity of a given population to several diseases and how semen quality, may be a potential indicator of sensitivity for virus insults (including SARS-CoV-2) in high polluted areas, and help to predict the risk for harmful effects of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. In addition, this review focused on the potential routes of virus transmission that may represent a population health risk and also identified the areas of critical importance that require urgent research to assess and manage the COVID-19 outbreak.

Long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from mobile phone on testicular tissue and epididymal semen quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffer Tas ◽  
Suleyman Dasdag ◽  
Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag ◽  
Umut Cirit ◽  
Korkut Yegin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Radiofrequency Radiation

scholarly journals Testicular Morphology and Sperm Motility in Cultured African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at Different Stages of Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie Nwabuisi OKOYE ◽  
Udensi Maduabuchi IGWEBUIKE ◽  
Anietie Francis UDOUMOH ◽  
Chinadindu Tochukwu OKEREKE
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Testicular Morphology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Somatic Index

Testicular morphology and sperm motility were evaluated in cultured Clarias gariepinus (n = 25) purposively assigned to five groups according to their age. The results showed that the testes were paired, elongated, dorso-ventrally flattened structures, situated in the caudal aspects of the body cavity. The mean length of both right and left testes increased linearly with age, being significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 6 months than at 4 and 5 months of age, and also significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 8 months than at 6 months of age, while the mean weight and organo-somatic index of the catfish testes increased linearly until 6 months of age, after which no significant (p > 0.05) increase in the testicular weight and organo-somatic index was observed. Unidirectional progressive movement of spermatozoa was detected in the milt of C. gariepinus at 6, 7 and 8 months of age, but sperm cells were non-motile at 4 and 5 months of age. Histological sections showed seminiferous lobules, whose germinal epithelia were characterized by many cysts enclosing clones of sperm cells. Each cyst enclosed a clone of sperm cells at an identical stage of spermatogenesis. Spermatids and spermatozoa were present in the lumen of the seminiferous lobule. The obtained results indicate that the morphology of the testes of C. gariepinus is similar to the testes of members of the order Siluriformes, but sexual maturity and production of motile spermatozoa may be achieved at 6 months of age in the African catfish.

scholarly journals Co-Therapy of Pegylated G-CSF and Ghrelin for Enhancing Survival After Exposure to Lethal Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliann G. Kiang ◽  
Min Zhai ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Joan T. Smith ◽  
Marsha N. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Photon Radiation ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Marrow Cells

Exposure to ionizing radiation (radiation injury, RI) in nuclear-related episode is evident to be life-threatening. RI occurs at levels of organs, tissues, cytosols, or nucleus. Their mechanisms are still not fully understood. FDA approves pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Neulasta™, Peg-G-CSF) for acute hematopoietic syndrome and has been shown to save lives after lethal RI. We aimed to test whether Ghrelin enhanced Peg-G-CSF’s efficacy to save more lives after lethal RI. B6D2F1/J female mice were used for the study. They received 9.5 Gy (LD50/30 at 0.4 Gy/min) emitted from the 60Co-γ-photon radiation facility. Peg-G-CSF was injected subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg once on days 1, 8, and 15 after irradiation. Ghrelin contains 28 amino acid and is a hunger peptide that has been shown to stimulate food intake, promote intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, elevates immunity, inhibits brain hemorrhage, and increases stress-coping. Ghrelin was injected subcutaneously at 113 μg/kg once on days 1, 2, and 3 after irradiation. Survival, body weight, water consumption, hematology, spleen weight, splenocytes, bone marrow cells, and histology of bone marrow and ileum were performed. We observed that radiation resulted in 30-days survival by 30%. RI decreased their body weights and water consumption volumes. On the 30th day post-RI, platelets and WBCs such as basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and leukocytes were still significantly decreased in surviving mice. Likewise, their RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and splenocytes remained low; splenomegaly was found in these mice. Bone marrow in surviving RI animals maintained low cellularity with high counts of fat cells and low counts of megakaryocytes. Meanwhile, ileum histology displayed injury. However, mice co-treated with both drugs 24 h after RI resulted in 30-days survival by 45% above the vehicle group. Additionally, the body-weight loss was mitigated, the acute radiation syndrome was reduced. This co-therapy significantly increased neutrophils, eosinophils, leukocytes, and platelets in circulation, inhibited splenomegaly, and increased bone marrow cells. Histopathological analysis showed significant improvement on bone marrow cellularity and ileum morphology. In conclusion, the results provide a proof of concept and suggest that the co-therapy of Peg-G-CSF and Ghrelin is efficacious to ameliorate RI.

scholarly journals 118 Case series: subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord in vitamin B12-replete recreational nitrous oxide abusers

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (e7) ◽  
pp. A38.2-A39
Author(s):  
Chris Blair ◽  
Chris Tremonti ◽  
Leon Edwards ◽  
Paul Haber ◽  
Michael Halmagyi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Central Demyelination ◽  
Vitamin B12 Supplementation

IntroductionWithin a few years of its discovery in late 18th century, nitrous oxide was being used recreationally for its pleasurable effects. It remains in widespread use as an inhaled stimulant today, and can be legally acquired in bulk quantities with relative ease. In the body prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide leads to the oxidization of vitamin B12, rendering it unusable in key enzymatic reactions necessary for myelin synthesis. Over time this qualitative deficiency leads to a central demyelination syndrome that characteristically develops despite normal serum vitamin B12 levels and, with continued exposure to nitrous oxide, resists treatment with vitamin B12 supplementation.MethodNitrous oxide abusers presenting with a central demyelination syndrome were enrolled in this case series. Serum levels of vitamin B12, active B12, folate and homocysteine were measured. Nitrous oxide exposure was discontinued, and all patients were treated in accordance with evidence-based guidelines.ResultsEight patients presented with predominantly moderate-to-severe clinical deficits. The majority were vitamin B12 replete. In most cases individuals had actively engaged in prolonged vitamin B12 supplementation in an attempt to circumvent the harmful pathophysiology, of which they were loosely aware. Following treatment and rehabilitation several patients were discharged into full-time care, and most had significant residual disability at follow-up.ConclusionsThis case series not only illustrates the tragic consequences of abuse of this widely available and legally procured stimulant, but also highlights the futility of pursuing a nominally ‘protective’ strategy of vitamin B12 supplementation in the context of continued nitrous oxide exposure.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Decursin Extracted fromAngelica gigasin Male Infertility via Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woong Jin Bae ◽  
U. Syn Ha ◽  
Jin Bong Choi ◽  
Kang Sup Kim ◽  
Su Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism

Higher testicular temperature results in altered spermatogenesis due to heat-related oxidative stress. We examined the effects of decursin extracted fromAngelica gigasNakai on antioxidant activityin vitroand in a cryptorchidism-induced infertility rat model. TM3 Leydig cell viability was measured based on oxidative stress according to treatment. Either distilled water or AG 400 mg/kg ofA. gigasextract was administered orally for 4 weeks after unilateral cryptorchidism was induced. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, six rats from the control group and six rats from treatment group were sacrificed. Testicular weight, semen quality, antioxidant activities, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein, and mRNA expression of Nrf2-regulated genes were analyzed. Treatment withA. gigasextract (1) protected TM3 cells against oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, (2) improved the mean weight of the cryptorchid testis, (3) maintained sperm counts, motility, and spermatogenic cell density, (4) decreased levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), (5) significantly increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and (6) significantly decreased apoptosis. This study suggests that decursin extracted fromA. gigasis a supplemental agent that can reduce oxidative stress by Nrf2-mediated upregulation of HO-1 in rat experimentally induced unilateral cryptorchidism and may improve cryptorchidism-induced infertility.

scholarly journals High D(+)-Fructose Diet Adversely Affects Testicular Weight Gain in Weaning Rats—Protection by Moderate D(+)-Glucose Diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. NMI.S12584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Shibata ◽  
Tsutomu Fukuwatari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
The Developed Countries

The use of high D(+)-fructose corn syrup has increased over the past several decades in the developed countries, while overweight and obesity rates and the related diseases have risen dramatically. However, we found that feeding a high D(+)-fructose diet (80% D(+)-fructose as part of the diet) to weaning rats for 21 days led to reduced food intake (50% less, P < 0.0001) and thus delayed the weight gains in the body (40% less, P < 0.0001) and testes (40% less, P < 0.0001) compared to the no D(+)-fructose diet. We also challenged a minimum requirement of dietary D(+)-glucose for preventing the adverse effects of D(+)-fructose, such as lower food intake and reduction of body weight and testicular weight; the minimum requirement of D(+)-glucose was ã23% of the diet. This glucose amount may be the minimum requirement of exogenous glucose for reducing weight gain.

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