scholarly journals Ischemic Tolerance – Blessing or Curse

2021 ◽  
pp. 661-670
Author(s):  
J BURDA ◽  
R BURDA
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Ischemic Tolerance ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oncologic Patients

Application of knowledge about ischemic tolerance to clinic requires the solid understanding of mechanism of creation of this phenomenon. This review summarizes research that has been carried out in many laboratories over a long period of time, but the main focus will be on own experimental research. The main emphasis is devoted to the possibility of preparing full tolerance in the donor's body and its transfer to the patient in the form of activated blood plasma. Such plasma could be administered as soon as the patient is transported to the hospital and would take effect immediately after administration to the patient's bloodstream. One chapter is also devoted to anticonditioning, i.e. the possibility of preventing the activation of tolerance. Anticonditioning could be used to treat oncologic patients. We expect that this method could increase effectiveness of cancer treatment. Cross-tolerance with a wide range of diverse stressors gives us the courage to assume that activated plasma can significantly help with a wide range of pathological events.

scholarly journals Monitoring Radiotherapeutic Response in Prostate Cancer Patients Using High Throughput FTIR Spectroscopy of Liquid Biopsies

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh K.R. Medipally ◽  
Thi Nguyet Que Nguyen ◽  
Jane Bryant ◽  
Valérie Untereiner ◽  
Ganesh D. Sockalingum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Radiation Toxicity ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Wide Range

Radiation therapy (RT) is used to treat approximately 50% of all cancer patients. However, RT causes a wide range of adverse late effects that can affect a patient’s quality of life. There are currently no predictive assays in clinical use to identify patients at risk of normal tissue radiation toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for monitoring radiotherapeutic response. Blood plasma was acquired from 53 prostate cancer patients at five different time points: prior to treatment, after hormone treatment, at the end of radiotherapy, two months post radiotherapy and eight months post radiotherapy. FTIR spectra were recorded from plasma samples at all time points and the data was analysed using MATLAB software. Discrimination was observed between spectra recorded at baseline versus follow up time points, as well as between spectra from patients showing minimal and severe acute and late toxicity using principal component analysis. A partial least squares discriminant analysis model achieved sensitivity and specificity rates ranging from 80% to 99%. This technology may have potential to monitor radiotherapeutic response in prostate cancer patients using non-invasive blood plasma samples and could lead to individualised patient radiotherapy.

Experimental Research on Rotating Skimmer

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Chino ◽  
Kenji Takizawa ◽  
Takashi Yabe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Benchmark Test ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computer Codes

This paper provides the experimental results on skimmer and gives some detailed information useful for benchmark test of computer codes that are now able to simulate the fluid-structure interaction. For this purpose, we specially designed the injection system that imposes reproducible rotational speed and injection speed on the skipper. The effect of rotation is discussed by changing rotation speed in a wide range.

Observations on the turbulent fluctuations of a tidal current

1949 ◽  
Vol 199 (1058) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Tidal Current ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Turbulent Fluctuations ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
A Current

Records have been obtained of fluctuations in the speed of the tidal current in the Mersey estuary, using a current meter in a stand on the bottom, and compared with other records taken with the meter suspended freely at various depths. The fluctuations covered a wide range of periods but could be separated into two main types: ‘short period’, having periods of the order of a few seconds, and ‘long period’, with periods from 30 sec. to several minutes. The amplitudes, periods and auto-correlation of the short-period fluctuations have been examined in some detail, and it is concluded that the fluctuations observed near the bottom are evidence of the turbulence associated with bottom friction. It is believed to be the first time that the presence of turbulent velocity fluctuations of this time-scale in the sea has been established experimentally. The long-period fluctuations resemble those found in previous investigations and show features consistent with their being turbulent in origin also, although turbulence of the time-scale involved in their case would probably be mainly horizontal.

Persistent Piracy in Philippine Waters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Tremml-Werner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Wide Range

The chapter focuses on how piracy was rendered in Spanish records from the Philippine Islands from around 1570 to 1800. The author demonstrates that the label “pirate” was used to denote a wide range of hostile elements or peoples, including other Europeans, Chinese, Japanese, and indigenous Philippine groups. Several of these alleged pirates have been largely overshadowed by later, mainly nineteenth-century, accounts that focused exclusively or overwhelmingly on the maritime raiding of indigenous Muslim “Moro piracy.” The chapter thus demonstrates the complex nature of piracy and the multiplicity of actors, practices, and representations of the phenomenon during the long period under study.

DEPOLYMERIZATION OF DEXTRAN BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Levi ◽  
Ezra Lozinski
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aqueous Dextran

It was observed that when very dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide were employed for the purpose of destroying pyrogens in aqueous dextran solutions, a marked depolymerization of the polysaccharide molecule occurred. Further study demonstrated this effect to occur over a wide range of temperature, pressure, time, and concentration of hydrogen peroxide. It was therefore possible to use hydrogen peroxide in place of the usual hydrolytic agents, such as acids, for the depolymerization of native dextran to smaller molecular weight fragments suitable for use as a blood plasma extender.

scholarly journals Direct imaging of irregular satellite discs in scattered light

2020 ◽  
Vol 492 (4) ◽  
pp. 5709-5720
Author(s):  
Loic Nassif-Lachapelle ◽  
Daniel Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Semimajor Axis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Direct Imaging ◽  
Irregular Satellites ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collisional Evolution

ABSTRACT Direct imaging surveys have found that long-period super-Jupiters are rare. By contrast, recent modelling of the widespread gaps in protoplanetary discs revealed by Atacama Large Millimetre Array suggests an abundant population of smaller Neptune to Jupiter-mass planets at large separations. The thermal emission from such lower-mass planets is negligible at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, leaving only their weak signals in reflected light. Planets do not scatter enough light at these large orbital distances, but there is a natural way to enhance their reflecting area. Each of the four giant planets in our Solar system hosts swarms of dozens of irregular satellites, gravitationally captured planetesimals that fill their host planets’ spheres of gravitational influence. What we see of them today are the leftovers of an intense collisional evolution. At early times, they would have generated bright circumplanetary debris discs. We investigate the properties and detectability of such irregular satellite discs (ISDs) following models for their collisional evolution from Kennedy & Wyatt (2011). We find that the scattered light signals from such ISDs would peak in the 10–100 au semimajor axis range implied by ALMA, and can render planets detectable over a wide range of parameters with upcoming high-contrast instrumentation. We argue that future instruments with wide fields of view could simultaneously characterize the atmospheres of known close-in planets, and reveal the population of long-period Neptune–Jupiter mass exoplanets inaccessible to other detection methods. This provides a complementary and compelling science case that would elucidate the early lives of planetary systems.

Vesico-Urethral Electrical Stimulation with Surgically Implanted Devices

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Simeone ◽  
T. Zanotelli ◽  
S. Cosciani-Cunico
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Detrusor Muscle ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Implanted Devices ◽  
Stimulation Of

Good clinical results may be achieved with electrical stimulation in many fields of medicine. After a long period of experimental research, electrical stimulation has gained an important role in Urology too. Surgically implanted devices have been utilized only in recent years to cure neurogenic bladder, while external electrical stimulation with portable devices for female incontinence is well-defined in literature. Direct stimulation of detrusor muscle and sphincter was abandoned but, nowadays, selective neurostimulation seems to be very effective. In this paper, the most important surgical techniques are reviewed. Even if some of them are no longer used, knowledge of them is probably important to a better understanding of present results and future possibilities.

scholarly journals Inflammatory profile dysregulation in nuclear workers occupationally exposed to low-dose gamma radiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevena Aneva ◽  
Elena Zaharieva ◽  
Olya Katsarska ◽  
Gergana Savova ◽  
Katia Stankova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

ABSTRACT Chronic inflammation is a common denominator linking a wide range of health conditions, including tissue response to radiation exposure. This pilot study investigates whether inflammatory cytokines—interleukins IL-6, −8, −10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)—can be used as early biomarkers of radiation-induced adverse health effects in occupationally exposed individuals. The study included 33 workers externally exposed to gamma radiation from the nuclear industry with cumulated doses from 0.11 to 190 mSv and 42 non-exposed controls of comparable age and socio-economic status. IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, TNFα and IL-10 were analyzed by enzyme-linked assay (ELISA) in blood plasma samples. Total antioxidant status (TAS) of blood plasma was determined by a colorimetric assay. The radiation-exposed and control groups measured significantly different levels of MCP-1, TNFα and IL-10. Seventy-five percent of radiation workers had either high MCP-1 levels or low IL-10 levels and 30% had all three cytokines dysregulated. Approximately 50% of workers showed upregulated antioxidant status, which appeared to compensate the pro-inflammatory cytokine shift in these individuals. In contrast, only 2% of the control subjects were found to have three dysregulated cytokines, and all of them measured within the normal TAS range. The present study may represent an important step towards the establishment of a reliable set of biomarkers for health-risk estimation in population cohorts exposed to low radiation doses.

scholarly journals Further Development of Near-Infrared Mediated Quantum Dots and Paclitaxel Co-loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carrier System for Cancer Theragnostic

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382091430
Author(s):  
Livesey D. Olerile
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mcf 7

Of colloidal systems, ceteris paribus, nanostructured lipid carriers are second to none in offering a single-unit platform for multifunctional benefits. Quantum dots are known to possess unique properties that make them ideal for imaging purpose and that they may be used for cancer detection. For several decades, paclitaxel has been the most effective drug against a wide range of solid tumours. Theragnostic nanomedicine provides a platform to monitor, evaluate, and individualize treatment in real time. Evaluation of cancer treatment outcome at an early stage therapy is key to increase survival prospects of a patient. Previously, a novel co-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers’ theragnostic system for parenteral administration was developed. The aim of this study was to further investigate the co-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in order to provide interpretation necessary for preclinical elucidation of the formulation, in part. The co-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers were prepared by oil/water emulsification-solvent evaporation technique. In this study, stability and co-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers’ internalization by MCF 7 and HepG2 cells were investigated. The co-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers was stable at 4°C for 1 month. The formulation was successfully internalized by MCF-7 and HepG2 cells. Nevertheless, the co-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier was more apt for MCF-7 cells. This finding affirms the formulation to be the most appropriate for breast cancer treatment. In addition, if taken correctly by a patient for a month, the formulation would give true reflection of the contents’ amounts, the factor paramount to appropriate changes in treatment protocol. It can therefore safely be concluded that the co-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier formulation may be potentially an effective theragnostic translational system.

scholarly journals Long-period variables and carbon stars in the Galactic Bulge

1993 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Whitelock
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Galactic Bulge ◽  
Carbon Stars ◽  
Instability Strip ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Phase ◽  
Binary Evolution ◽  
M Stars ◽  
Different Parts

The review covers the properties of red variables in globular clusters and the Galactic Bulge. Details are given of our current understanding of the Mira evolutionary phase. There is evidence that Miras in the LMC and the Bulge occupy different parts of the instability strip but obey the same PLC relation. The Bulge contains at least 2 × 104 Miras of which 100 or so have luminosities in excess of Mbol = — 5 mag. The Mira phase lasts more than 105 yr. These objects originate from stars with a wide range of metallicity, but it is currently unclear if the most metal-rich stars reach the top of the AGB to become Miras. Preliminary data suggest that the distribution of the Miras along the minor axis of the Bulge is different from that of the late-M stars but similar to the 2.4 μm luminosity.Our knowledge of the Bulge carbon stars is briefly reviewed. It is suggested that, by analogy with the carbon-rich dwarfs, these stars are probably best understood as the products of binary evolution.

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