scholarly journals Pathophysiological Characteristics Linking Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Neoplasia

2021 ◽  
pp. 509-522
Author(s):  
Tomas Grega ◽  
Gabriela Vojtechova ◽  
Monika Gregova ◽  
Miroslav Zavoral ◽  
Stepan Suchanek
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Altered Glucose

A substantial body of literature has provided evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and colorectal neoplasia share several common factors. Both diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide and have an increasing incidence. In addition to usual risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and family history, common pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of these diseases have been identified. These include changes in glucose metabolism associated with adipose tissue dysfunction including insulin resistance resulting to hyperinsulinemia and chronic hyperglycemia. In addition to altered glucose metabolism, abdominal obesity has been associated with accented carcinogenesis with chronic subclinical inflammation. An increasing number of studies have recently described the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases including T2DM and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Due to the interconnectedness of different pathophysiological processes, it is not entirely clear which factor is crucial in the development of carcinogenesis in patients with T2DM. The aim of this work is to review the current knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms of colorectal neoplasia development in individuals with T2DM. Here, we review the potential pathophysiological processes involved in the onset and progression of colorectal neoplasia in patients with T2DM. Uncovering common pathophysiological characteristics is essential for understanding the nature of these diseases and may lead to effective treatment and prevention.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Metformin as a Key for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Chae Bin Lee ◽  
Soon Uk Chae ◽  
Seong Jun Jo ◽  
Ui Min Jerng ◽  
Soo Kyung Bae
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
The Relationship

Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, its mechanism of modulating glucose metabolism is elusive. Recent advances have identified the gut as a potential target of metformin. As patients with metabolic disorders exhibit dysbiosis, the gut microbiome has garnered interest as a potential target for metabolic disease. Henceforth, studies have focused on unraveling the relationship of metabolic disorders with the human gut microbiome. According to various metagenome studies, gut dysbiosis is evident in T2DM patients. Besides this, alterations in the gut microbiome were also observed in the metformin-treated T2DM patients compared to the non-treated T2DM patients. Thus, several studies on rodents have suggested potential mechanisms interacting with the gut microbiome, including regulation of glucose metabolism, an increase in short-chain fatty acids, strengthening intestinal permeability against lipopolysaccharides, modulating the immune response, and interaction with bile acids. Furthermore, human studies have demonstrated evidence substantiating the hypotheses based on rodent studies. This review discusses the current knowledge of how metformin modulates T2DM with respect to the gut microbiome and discusses the prospect of harnessing this mechanism in treating T2DM.

Temperature proximal-to-distal dorsal hand gradient as a thermography signs of altered glucose metabolism. Variations and perspective to use

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
I. M. Dolgov ◽  
M. G. Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Dorsal Hand ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To evaluate the temperature proximal-to-distal dorsalhand gradient (PDG) in patients with altered glucose metabolism.Methods. Analyzed 120 patients with altered glucose metabolism, divided to three groups: group 1 — abnormal glucose tolerance test (R73) and type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications (E11.9) — 50 pts, 30 m/20 f, mean age 61,5 ± 11,1), group 2 — Type 1 diabetes mellitus [Е10] — 25 pts, 7 m/18 f, mean age 44,4 ± 13,1); group 3 — type 2 diabetes mellitus with multiple complications [Е11.7] and type 2 diabetes mellitus with unspecified complications [Е11.8] — 45 pts, 14 m /31 f., mean age 62,2 ± 10,8). Thermal images were shoot by Russian made thermography camera TVS–300med, 388 x 360 pix, sensitivity 0,03℃. PDG calculated as a difference between mean temp of proximal and distal phalanges of 2–5 fingers and estimated for right or left hand separately.Results. Two thermography signs were observed: «inverted» PDG, when temperature of distal phalanges is higher than proximal and founded more often in group 1 and «false normal», when temperature of proximal phalanges is higher than distal, and name in this manner, because founded more often in «complicated» groups 2 and 3. Analysis confirmed that group 1 and group 3 pts significantly differed in mean PDG value (p<0,05).Conclusion. Our results show that thermography examination pointed out variety of dorsal hand signs for altered glucose metabolism and significant difference in mean PDG value for group 1 and 3. Therefore infrared thermography could be suggested as an objective tool for screening and monitoring of disease.

Disorders of glucose metabolism in sleep apnea

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1998-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh M. Punjabi ◽  
Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Altered Glucose

Sleep is a complex behavioral state that occupies one-third of the human life span. Although viewed as a passive condition, sleep is a highly active and dynamic process. The sleep-related decrease in muscle tone is associated with an increase in resistance to airflow through the upper airway. Partial or complete collapse of the airway during sleep can lead to the occurrence of apneas and hypopneas during sleep that define the syndrome of sleep apnea. Sleep apnea has become pervasive in Western society, affecting ∼5% of adults in industrialized countries. Given the pandemic of obesity, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome has also increased dramatically over the last decade. Although the role of sleep apnea in cardiovascular disease is uncertain, there is a growing body of literature that implicates sleep apnea in the pathogenesis of altered glucose metabolism. Intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation in sleep apnea can trigger a cascade of pathophysiological events, including autonomic activation, alterations in neuroendocrine function, and release of potent proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Epidemiologic and experimental evidence linking sleep apnea and disorders of glucose metabolism is reviewed and discussed here. Although the cause-and-effect relationship remains to be determined, the available data suggest that sleep apnea is independently associated with altered glucose metabolism and may predispose to the eventual development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Altered glucose metabolism rather than naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to vitamin D status in severe obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Bellan ◽  
Gabriele Guzzaloni ◽  
Maura Rinaldi ◽  
Elena Merlotti ◽  
Carlotta Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Altered Glucose

Wogonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia Through Increased Glucose Entry into Cells Via AKT/GLUT4 Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 2602-2606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Khan ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Main Factor

: Insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes mellitus resulting in chronic hyperglycemia is a major health problem in the modern world. Many drugs have been tested to control hyperglycemia which is believed to be the main factor behind many of the diabetes-related late-term complications. Wogonin is a famous herbal medicine which has been shown to be effective in controlling diabetes and its complications. In our previous work, we showed that wogonin is beneficial in many ways in controlling diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we mainly explained wogonin anti-hyperglycemic property through AKT/GLUT4 pathway. Here we briefly discussed that wogonin increases Glut4 trafficking to plasma membrane which allows increased entry of glucose and thus alleviates hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Wogonin can be used as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic drug and works via AKT/GLUT4 pathway.

scholarly journals Potential of Creatine in Glucose Management and Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Marina Yazigi Solis ◽  
Guilherme Giannini Artioli ◽  
Bruno Gualano
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Glucose Management

Creatine is one of the most popular supplements worldwide, and it is frequently used by both athletic and non-athletic populations to improve power, strength, muscle mass and performance. A growing body of evidence has been identified potential therapeutic effects of creatine in a wide variety of clinical conditions, such as cancer, muscle dystrophy and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence has suggested that creatine supplementation alone, and mainly in combination with exercise training, may improve glucose metabolism in health individuals and insulin-resistant individuals, such as in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creatine itself may stimulate insulin secretion in vitro, improve muscle glycogen stores and ameliorate hyperglycemia in animals. In addition, exercise induces numerous metabolic benefits, including increases in insulin-independent muscle glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. It has been speculated that creatine supplementation combined with exercise training could result in additional improvements in glucose metabolism when compared with each intervention separately. The possible mechanism underlying the effects of combined exercise and creatine supplementation is an enhanced glucose transport into muscle cell by type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT-4) translocation to sarcolemma. Although preliminary findings from small-scale trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are promising, the efficacy of creatine for improving glycemic control is yet to be confirmed. In this review, we aim to explore the possible therapeutic role of creatine supplementation on glucose management and as a potential anti-diabetic intervention, summarizing the current knowledge and highlighting the research gaps.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota influence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Cunningham ◽  
J. W. Stephens ◽  
D. A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Human Metabolism ◽  
Altered Glucose

AbstractA strong and expanding evidence base supports the influence of gut microbiota in human metabolism. Altered glucose homeostasis is associated with altered gut microbiota, and is clearly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated complications. Understanding the causal association between gut microbiota and metabolic risk has the potential role of identifying susceptible individuals to allow early targeted intervention.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes mellitus and colorectal neoplasia risk in Hispanics: a case–control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaritza Díaz-Algorri ◽  
María Eugenia Lozada ◽  
Sofía M. López ◽  
Carlos E. Bertrán-Rodríguez ◽  
Cinthia M. González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Wahyu Anita Khoirin ◽  
Rodhi Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Renal Interstitium ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Age Category

Type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic hyperglycemia can cause a hypoxic environment in the renal interstitium and can cause kidney disorders (diabetic nephropathy), this can lead to decreased kidney function and the production of erythropoietin produced by peritubular fibroblasts is disrupted, and hemoglobin is not formed optimally and occurs anemia. Thei purposei ofi thisi studyi wasi toi determinei hemoglobini levelsi in patients withi typei 2i diabetesi mellitusi in RSUD. K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang. This is a descriptive quantitative study, the data comes from the medical records of patients with typei 2i diabetesi mellitusi withi complicationsi ofi diabetici nephropathyi at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang as many as 40 samples with non-probability samplingi itechnique. The results showed that there were 20 men who had decreased hemoglobin levels and 1 person who had normal hemoglobin levels. Meanwhile, in women, 17 people had decreased hemoglobin levels and 2 people had normal hemoglobin levels. Based on the age category, the most were the early elderly as many as 15 people and the least in the late teens and early adults each as many as 2 people. Meanwhile, based on the average level of anemia, more experienced moderate levels of anemia. Hemoglobin levels in patients with type. 2i. diabetesi. mellitusi. withi. complicationsi. ofi. diabetici. nephropathyi. at RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang were 40 samples, on average they had low hemoglobin levels.

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